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Introduction to Spring Framework

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Dineesha Suraweera

The document provides an overview of the Spring Framework. It describes Spring as an open source application development framework for Java that provides features like inversion of control (IoC) and dependency injection. The key benefits of Spring include its modular architecture, support for testing, integration with other technologies like ORM frameworks, and web MVC framework. The core container in Spring uses dependency injection to manage application components (beans). Configuration can be done via XML, annotations, or Java-based approaches. Spring also supports aspects like dependency injection, AOP, and auto-wiring to reduce coupling between objects.

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Spring Framework Dineesha Suraweera
What is a framework ? framework is a universal, reusable software environment that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate development of software applications, products and solutions. Software frameworks may include support programs compilers code libraries tool sets 2
How to separate framework from library …. ❏Inversion Control: In a framework, unlike in libraries the overall program's flow control is not dictated by the caller, but by the framework. ❏default behavior ❏extensibility: can be extended by the user usually by selective overriding or specialized by user code to provide specific functionality. ❏non-modifiable framework code: The framework code, in general, is not supposed to be modified, while accepting user-implemented extensions. 3
Spring framework Spring is the most popular application development framework for enterprise Java. open source Java platform initially written by Rod Johnson and was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003. lightweight when it comes to size and transparency. 4
Where to use ? can be used in developing any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. Spring framework targets to make J2EE development easier to use and promote good programming practice by enabling a POJO-based programming model. 5
Benefits of spring.. Spring is organized in a modular fashion makes use of technologies like several ORM frameworks, logging frameworks, JEE, Quartz and JDK timers, other view technologies Testing an application written with Spring is simple Spring's web framework is a well-designed web MVC framework provides a convenient API to translate technology-specific exceptions into consistent, unchecked exceptions 6
Architecture 7
Description of architecture Core Container Core provides the fundamental parts of the framework, including the IoC and Dependency Injection features. Bean provides BeanFactory which is a sophisticated implementation of the factory pattern. Context builds on the solid base provided by the Core and Beans modules and it is a medium to access any objects defined and configured. SpEL module provides a powerful expression language for querying and manipulating an object graph at runtime. 8
Data Access/Integration JDBC provides a JDBC-abstraction layer that removes the need to do tedious JDBC related coding. ORM provides integration layers for popular object-relational mapping APIs, including JPA, JDO, Hibernate, and iBatis. OXM provides an abstraction layer that supports Object/XML mapping implementations for JAXB, Castor, XMLBeans, JiBX and XStream. JMS contains features for producing and consuming messages. Transaction supports programmatic and declarative transaction management for classes that implement special interfaces and for all your POJOs. 9
Web Web provides basic web-oriented integration features such as multipart file-upload functionality and the initialization of the IoC container using servlet listeners and a web-oriented application context. Web-MVC contains Spring's model-view-controller (MVC) implementation for web applications. Web-Socket provides support for WebSocket-based, two-way communication between client and server in web applications. Web-Portlet provides the MVC implementation to be used in a portlet environment and mirrors the functionality of Web-Servlet module. 10
pre-requisites Java Development Kit (JDK) Apache Common Logging API http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-logging/download_logging.cgi Spring Framework Libraries http://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring/ 11
How to use 1. Create java project 1. Add required libraries 12
3. Create source files. 4. Create Bean configuration file 13
14
15
Spring with maven If you are using Maven for dependency management you don’t even need to supply the logging dependency explicitly. To create an application context and use dependency injection to configure an application 16
IoC Containers Core of the Spring Framework The container will create the objects, wire them together, configure them, and manage their complete lifecycle from creation till destruction. 17
uses dependency injection (DI) to manage the components that make up an application(spring Beans) Spring BeanFactory Container simplest container providing basic support for DI and defined by the org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory interface. The BeanFactory and related interfaces, such as BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean, are still present in Spring for the purposes of backward compatibility with the large number of third-party frameworks that integrate with Spring. Spring ApplicationContext Container adds more enterprise-specific functionality such as the ability to resolve textual messages from a properties file and the ability to publish application events to interested event listeners. This container is defined by the org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext interface. 18
Benefits of IoC/DI Reduced Dependencies Reduced Dependency Carrying More Reusable Code More Testable Code More Readable Code 19
Bean Definition A bean is an object that is instantiated, assembled, and otherwise managed by a Spring IoC container. The bean definition contains the information called configuration metadata which is needed for the container to know the followings How to create a bean Bean's lifecycle details Bean's dependencies 20
Spring Configuration Metadata There are three important methods to provide configuration metadata to the Spring Container XML based configuration file. Annotation-based configuration Java-based configuration 21
22
Annotation based configuration To describe a bean wiring,move the bean configuration into the component class itself by using annotations on the relevant class, method, or field declaration. Annotation wiring is not turned on in the Spring container by default 23
Basic annotations @Required The @Required annotation applies to bean property setter methods. @Autowired The @Autowired annotation can apply to bean property setter methods, non-setter methods, constructor and properties. @Qualifier The @Qualifier annotation along with @Autowired can be used to remove the confusion by specifying which exact bean will be wired. JSR-250 Annotations Spring supports JSR-250 based annotations which include @Resource, @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations. 24
Java based configuration Java based configuration option enables you to write most of your Spring configuration without XML but with the help of few Java-based annotations @Configuration class can be used by the Spring IoC container as a source of bean definitions @Bean Annotations return an object that should be registered as a bean in the Spring application context. @Import Annotation 25
Dependency Injection The Dependency Injection is a design pattern that removes the dependency of the programs. In such case we provide the information from the external source such as XML file. It makes our code loosely coupled and easier for testing. Spring framework provides two ways to inject dependency By Constructor By Setter method 26
In such case, instance of Address class is provided by external source such as XML file either by constructor or setter method. 27
Beans auto-wiring Enables you to inject the object dependency implicitly. It internally uses setter or constructor injection. Autowiring can't be used to inject primitive and string values. It works with reference only. 28
AOP with Spring Framework Aspect Oriented Programming entails breaking down program logic into distinct parts.(like logging, auditing, declarative transactions, security, and caching etc) Spring AOP module provides interceptors to intercept an application, when a method is executed, you can add extra functionality before or after the method execution. 29
Demo 30
Other Spring projects Spring Cloud Spring Data Spring Security Spring Social Spring Mobile Spring Session Spring Shell 31
Thank You! 32

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Introduction to Spring Framework

  • 2. What is a framework ? framework is a universal, reusable software environment that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate development of software applications, products and solutions. Software frameworks may include support programs compilers code libraries tool sets 2
  • 3. How to separate framework from library …. ❏Inversion Control: In a framework, unlike in libraries the overall program's flow control is not dictated by the caller, but by the framework. ❏default behavior ❏extensibility: can be extended by the user usually by selective overriding or specialized by user code to provide specific functionality. ❏non-modifiable framework code: The framework code, in general, is not supposed to be modified, while accepting user-implemented extensions. 3
  • 4. Spring framework Spring is the most popular application development framework for enterprise Java. open source Java platform initially written by Rod Johnson and was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003. lightweight when it comes to size and transparency. 4
  • 5. Where to use ? can be used in developing any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. Spring framework targets to make J2EE development easier to use and promote good programming practice by enabling a POJO-based programming model. 5
  • 6. Benefits of spring.. Spring is organized in a modular fashion makes use of technologies like several ORM frameworks, logging frameworks, JEE, Quartz and JDK timers, other view technologies Testing an application written with Spring is simple Spring's web framework is a well-designed web MVC framework provides a convenient API to translate technology-specific exceptions into consistent, unchecked exceptions 6
  • 8. Description of architecture Core Container Core provides the fundamental parts of the framework, including the IoC and Dependency Injection features. Bean provides BeanFactory which is a sophisticated implementation of the factory pattern. Context builds on the solid base provided by the Core and Beans modules and it is a medium to access any objects defined and configured. SpEL module provides a powerful expression language for querying and manipulating an object graph at runtime. 8
  • 9. Data Access/Integration JDBC provides a JDBC-abstraction layer that removes the need to do tedious JDBC related coding. ORM provides integration layers for popular object-relational mapping APIs, including JPA, JDO, Hibernate, and iBatis. OXM provides an abstraction layer that supports Object/XML mapping implementations for JAXB, Castor, XMLBeans, JiBX and XStream. JMS contains features for producing and consuming messages. Transaction supports programmatic and declarative transaction management for classes that implement special interfaces and for all your POJOs. 9
  • 10. Web Web provides basic web-oriented integration features such as multipart file-upload functionality and the initialization of the IoC container using servlet listeners and a web-oriented application context. Web-MVC contains Spring's model-view-controller (MVC) implementation for web applications. Web-Socket provides support for WebSocket-based, two-way communication between client and server in web applications. Web-Portlet provides the MVC implementation to be used in a portlet environment and mirrors the functionality of Web-Servlet module. 10
  • 11. pre-requisites Java Development Kit (JDK) Apache Common Logging API http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-logging/download_logging.cgi Spring Framework Libraries http://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring/ 11
  • 12. How to use 1. Create java project 1. Add required libraries 12
  • 13. 3. Create source files. 4. Create Bean configuration file 13
  • 14. 14
  • 15. 15
  • 16. Spring with maven If you are using Maven for dependency management you don’t even need to supply the logging dependency explicitly. To create an application context and use dependency injection to configure an application 16
  • 17. IoC Containers Core of the Spring Framework The container will create the objects, wire them together, configure them, and manage their complete lifecycle from creation till destruction. 17
  • 18. uses dependency injection (DI) to manage the components that make up an application(spring Beans) Spring BeanFactory Container simplest container providing basic support for DI and defined by the org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory interface. The BeanFactory and related interfaces, such as BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean, DisposableBean, are still present in Spring for the purposes of backward compatibility with the large number of third-party frameworks that integrate with Spring. Spring ApplicationContext Container adds more enterprise-specific functionality such as the ability to resolve textual messages from a properties file and the ability to publish application events to interested event listeners. This container is defined by the org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext interface. 18
  • 19. Benefits of IoC/DI Reduced Dependencies Reduced Dependency Carrying More Reusable Code More Testable Code More Readable Code 19
  • 20. Bean Definition A bean is an object that is instantiated, assembled, and otherwise managed by a Spring IoC container. The bean definition contains the information called configuration metadata which is needed for the container to know the followings How to create a bean Bean's lifecycle details Bean's dependencies 20
  • 21. Spring Configuration Metadata There are three important methods to provide configuration metadata to the Spring Container XML based configuration file. Annotation-based configuration Java-based configuration 21
  • 22. 22
  • 23. Annotation based configuration To describe a bean wiring,move the bean configuration into the component class itself by using annotations on the relevant class, method, or field declaration. Annotation wiring is not turned on in the Spring container by default 23
  • 24. Basic annotations @Required The @Required annotation applies to bean property setter methods. @Autowired The @Autowired annotation can apply to bean property setter methods, non-setter methods, constructor and properties. @Qualifier The @Qualifier annotation along with @Autowired can be used to remove the confusion by specifying which exact bean will be wired. JSR-250 Annotations Spring supports JSR-250 based annotations which include @Resource, @PostConstruct and @PreDestroy annotations. 24
  • 25. Java based configuration Java based configuration option enables you to write most of your Spring configuration without XML but with the help of few Java-based annotations @Configuration class can be used by the Spring IoC container as a source of bean definitions @Bean Annotations return an object that should be registered as a bean in the Spring application context. @Import Annotation 25
  • 26. Dependency Injection The Dependency Injection is a design pattern that removes the dependency of the programs. In such case we provide the information from the external source such as XML file. It makes our code loosely coupled and easier for testing. Spring framework provides two ways to inject dependency By Constructor By Setter method 26
  • 27. In such case, instance of Address class is provided by external source such as XML file either by constructor or setter method. 27
  • 28. Beans auto-wiring Enables you to inject the object dependency implicitly. It internally uses setter or constructor injection. Autowiring can't be used to inject primitive and string values. It works with reference only. 28
  • 29. AOP with Spring Framework Aspect Oriented Programming entails breaking down program logic into distinct parts.(like logging, auditing, declarative transactions, security, and caching etc) Spring AOP module provides interceptors to intercept an application, when a method is executed, you can add extra functionality before or after the method execution. 29
  • 31. Other Spring projects Spring Cloud Spring Data Spring Security Spring Social Spring Mobile Spring Session Spring Shell 31