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Green Agricultural Policy: how is it developed and actioned?

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Global Plant Council
Global Plant Council

- Green agricultural policy in China and the UK aims to enhance sustainable food production practices. - China has increased grain production three-fold through heavy fertilizer use but faces environmental challenges like over-fertilization. - Alternative approaches consider the interaction of genetics, environment, management, and socioeconomics (G x E x M x S) to improve yields and resource use efficiency while reducing environmental impacts. - Collaboration across sectors from scientists to farmers to policymakers can facilitate adoption of green practices.

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Bill Davies and Jianbo Shen Green Agricultural Policy: how is it developed and actioned?
Summary • The food challenge for the global community (Asia and UK) • China’s successes and failures (over- use of input resources) • How do we enhance best practice in food production? (G x E x M x S) • Closing the yield gap in China: science and technology backyards • People who can bring about change • Working with different kinds of food chains Professor Sir John Beddington (2009)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009 2015 2021 Fertilizercosumption（10Mt） GrainYield（t/ha）Grainarea(Mha) 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 粮食总产（亿吨） 50 100 150 200 250 300 Filmconsumption/Chemicalsconsumption(10000ton) 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009 粮食总产（亿吨） 有效灌溉面积 50 100 150 200 250 300 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 粮食总产（亿吨） Demand for food is projected to increase by 50% by 2030 and double by 2050 ’ - Grain production and resource input in China ( Fan, Shen, Yuan, Jiang, Chen, Davies & Zhang. JXB 2011) Irrigation Plastic film Chemicals Grain area Fertilizer High yield
Wheat production on loess plateau in 1970s No fertilizer input, only 1.2t/ha yield, SOC 0.5%
Only organic fertilizer input, 3 t/ha yield, SOC 0.7%
Increase(%) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1960s 1980s 2000s 2015 Grain production Chemical fertilizer consumption Data source: IFA and FAO, 2018 Grain production VS fertilizer consumption in China 3-fold grain production with 25-fold chemical fertilizer consumption
Environmental foodprint (net surplus) Report on over-fertilization in China (2009)
Can we really produce more (and better quality) food while reducing the use of input resources? Lake Tai - South China
Climate change and excess water use in agriculture in NW China
Relationship between chemical fertilizer consumption and grain production in different countries or regions (A: China, B: EU, C: Africa, D: USA) from 1961 to 2011. Xiaoqiang Jiao, Davies, Shen et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2016;67:4935-4949
G x E x M x S
Green Agricultural Policy: how is it developed and actioned?
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Yield(tha-1) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Wheat Maize +60.9% +43.5% （Zhang et al., 2016) 2016 Success in a county Towards a regional sustainable intensification （Quzhou county:400,000Farmers, 40,000ha arable land)
Yield increase 10.8-11.5% PFP increase 31.5-35.7% GHG decrease 13.3-24.0% 2006-2015, National Campaign 2018 Campaign collaborators (1,152) Extension staff (65,420) Provincial ag-bureau County/township ag-technicians Agbusiness personnel (138,530) Product stewardship Regional marketing Local dealers, sales-reps Scientists Grad-students Smallholder farmers (20.9 million) 452 counties Lead farmers Farmer co-ops …… 0.8 million ha 20.9 million farmers, 37.7 million ha
New era calls for high quality green agriculture Main contradiction in the new era of China Transform from production- oriented to quality-oriented Pursue quality and economic benefits from green development The contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever- growing needs for a better life
Novel crops and novel agronomy: One kilogram of rice grain requires 2500 L of water for its production. One third of the World’s freshwater is used to irrigate rice -half of all freshwater supplies for Asia.
Green input Resource input Environment nutrient use （air、water、 soil） fertigation Planting structure Adjust the rational crop proportion Food crop to feed crop Biodiversity Wheat-watermelon- maize system Orchard grass planting Moderate scale Land hosting Rural cooperatives Nox NH3 Artificial intelligence Remote sensing Soil testing Green process Green output • Green, nutrition and health products • Safety and quality of agricultural products • The economic benefit of products • The landmark of agricultural products • High quality seeds Green high-quality agriculture needed to improve quality and efficiency in the whole industry chain Green- environment Green arable land Green environment Fertilizer, Water, Pesticide, Seed； Green application approach: fertilizer：optimized formula， right time，fertilizer type， right place； water：reasonable irrigation、 dry-wet alternate irrigation； Good breeds, pesticides and herbicides
Quzhou：A typical village (representative of small farmers around the world) 1.8 billion mu of arable land in China, 0.23 billion small farmers, with average farm size of 0.5 ha 720 000 mu of arable land in Qu- Zhou County, 117 000 small farmers, with 0.4 ha arable land 570 million farms in the world, 84% are smallholder farmers, low production, low efficiency of resources, environmental pollution and poverty. And often no obvious development opportunity.
North China Plain China demonstration area Green Development & Agriculture Transformation Quzhou county Quzhou research station – STB – North China region – National demonstration area
Integrated plant-animal production Green products & Green industry Green plant production Green ecological environment Agricultural Green Development and Beautiful Villages Green Development and Rural Revitalization
Green Agricultural Policy: how is it developed and actioned?
Nature Vol 456. December 2008
Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation increases grain yield and WUE (water use efficiency Table-1 Increase (+) or decrease (–) in grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation relative to those under conventional irrigation in rice (unit: %) Items Moderate AWD Severe AWD Grain yield 5.6 to 12.8 –18.5 to –35.3 Irrigation water –22.4 to –34.6 –38.4 to –49.5 WUE 27.3 to 55.7 21.6 to 36.7 Data are adapted from 12 references WUE (grain yield/irrigation water) Slide courtesy of Prof Jianchang Yang Yangzhou University
Addressing the food and farming agenda for UK The Market Suppliers and Producers Students, Researchers and KE specialists Farm Assessment Collaborative Research Communications Portal International Teaching Programmes On-Line Training Programme(s)
To growers Consistent yields and quality Improved time management for expert staff Informed decision-making Less time spent on canopy management Lower picking costs Water and fertiliser savings To retailers Improved consistency of supply of high quality fresh fruit Fruit with an assured shelf-life leading to reduced wastage in store Innovative production methods to deliver sustainable intensification To consumers High quality, phytonutritious, flavoursome fruit Improved availability of locally-sourced fresh produce Benefits of Precision Irrigation Slide provided by Dr Mark Else
Working across the scales – people can make a difference but it needs global collaboration and human mobility Opportunities for GPC to engage with farmers and others interested or involved in food It is urgent!

More Related Content

Green Agricultural Policy: how is it developed and actioned?

  • 1. Bill Davies and Jianbo Shen Green Agricultural Policy: how is it developed and actioned?
  • 2. Summary • The food challenge for the global community (Asia and UK) • China’s successes and failures (over- use of input resources) • How do we enhance best practice in food production? (G x E x M x S) • Closing the yield gap in China: science and technology backyards • People who can bring about change • Working with different kinds of food chains Professor Sir John Beddington (2009)
  • 3. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009 2015 2021 Fertilizercosumption（10Mt） GrainYield（t/ha）Grainarea(Mha) 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 粮食总产（亿吨） 50 100 150 200 250 300 Filmconsumption/Chemicalsconsumption(10000ton) 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 1961 1967 1973 1979 1985 1991 1997 2003 2009 粮食总产（亿吨） 有效灌溉面积 50 100 150 200 250 300 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 粮食总产（亿吨） Demand for food is projected to increase by 50% by 2030 and double by 2050 ’ - Grain production and resource input in China ( Fan, Shen, Yuan, Jiang, Chen, Davies & Zhang. JXB 2011) Irrigation Plastic film Chemicals Grain area Fertilizer High yield
  • 4. Wheat production on loess plateau in 1970s No fertilizer input, only 1.2t/ha yield, SOC 0.5%
  • 5. Only organic fertilizer input, 3 t/ha yield, SOC 0.7%
  • 6. Increase(%) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1960s 1980s 2000s 2015 Grain production Chemical fertilizer consumption Data source: IFA and FAO, 2018 Grain production VS fertilizer consumption in China 3-fold grain production with 25-fold chemical fertilizer consumption
  • 7. Environmental foodprint (net surplus) Report on over-fertilization in China (2009)
  • 8. Can we really produce more (and better quality) food while reducing the use of input resources? Lake Tai - South China
  • 9. Climate change and excess water use in agriculture in NW China
  • 10. Relationship between chemical fertilizer consumption and grain production in different countries or regions (A: China, B: EU, C: Africa, D: USA) from 1961 to 2011. Xiaoqiang Jiao, Davies, Shen et al. J. Exp. Bot. 2016;67:4935-4949
  • 11. G x E x M x S
  • 13. 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Yield(tha-1) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Wheat Maize +60.9% +43.5% （Zhang et al., 2016) 2016 Success in a county Towards a regional sustainable intensification （Quzhou county:400,000Farmers, 40,000ha arable land)
  • 14. Yield increase 10.8-11.5% PFP increase 31.5-35.7% GHG decrease 13.3-24.0% 2006-2015, National Campaign 2018 Campaign collaborators (1,152) Extension staff (65,420) Provincial ag-bureau County/township ag-technicians Agbusiness personnel (138,530) Product stewardship Regional marketing Local dealers, sales-reps Scientists Grad-students Smallholder farmers (20.9 million) 452 counties Lead farmers Farmer co-ops …… 0.8 million ha 20.9 million farmers, 37.7 million ha
  • 15. New era calls for high quality green agriculture Main contradiction in the new era of China Transform from production- oriented to quality-oriented Pursue quality and economic benefits from green development The contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever- growing needs for a better life
  • 16. Novel crops and novel agronomy: One kilogram of rice grain requires 2500 L of water for its production. One third of the World’s freshwater is used to irrigate rice -half of all freshwater supplies for Asia.
  • 17. Green input Resource input Environment nutrient use （air、water、 soil） fertigation Planting structure Adjust the rational crop proportion Food crop to feed crop Biodiversity Wheat-watermelon- maize system Orchard grass planting Moderate scale Land hosting Rural cooperatives Nox NH3 Artificial intelligence Remote sensing Soil testing Green process Green output • Green, nutrition and health products • Safety and quality of agricultural products • The economic benefit of products • The landmark of agricultural products • High quality seeds Green high-quality agriculture needed to improve quality and efficiency in the whole industry chain Green- environment Green arable land Green environment Fertilizer, Water, Pesticide, Seed； Green application approach: fertilizer：optimized formula， right time，fertilizer type， right place； water：reasonable irrigation、 dry-wet alternate irrigation； Good breeds, pesticides and herbicides
  • 18. Quzhou：A typical village (representative of small farmers around the world) 1.8 billion mu of arable land in China, 0.23 billion small farmers, with average farm size of 0.5 ha 720 000 mu of arable land in Qu- Zhou County, 117 000 small farmers, with 0.4 ha arable land 570 million farms in the world, 84% are smallholder farmers, low production, low efficiency of resources, environmental pollution and poverty. And often no obvious development opportunity.
  • 19. North China Plain China demonstration area Green Development & Agriculture Transformation Quzhou county Quzhou research station – STB – North China region – National demonstration area
  • 20. Integrated plant-animal production Green products & Green industry Green plant production Green ecological environment Agricultural Green Development and Beautiful Villages Green Development and Rural Revitalization
  • 22. Nature Vol 456. December 2008
  • 23. Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation increases grain yield and WUE (water use efficiency Table-1 Increase (+) or decrease (–) in grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation relative to those under conventional irrigation in rice (unit: %) Items Moderate AWD Severe AWD Grain yield 5.6 to 12.8 –18.5 to –35.3 Irrigation water –22.4 to –34.6 –38.4 to –49.5 WUE 27.3 to 55.7 21.6 to 36.7 Data are adapted from 12 references WUE (grain yield/irrigation water) Slide courtesy of Prof Jianchang Yang Yangzhou University
  • 24. Addressing the food and farming agenda for UK The Market Suppliers and Producers Students, Researchers and KE specialists Farm Assessment Collaborative Research Communications Portal International Teaching Programmes On-Line Training Programme(s)
  • 25. To growers Consistent yields and quality Improved time management for expert staff Informed decision-making Less time spent on canopy management Lower picking costs Water and fertiliser savings To retailers Improved consistency of supply of high quality fresh fruit Fruit with an assured shelf-life leading to reduced wastage in store Innovative production methods to deliver sustainable intensification To consumers High quality, phytonutritious, flavoursome fruit Improved availability of locally-sourced fresh produce Benefits of Precision Irrigation Slide provided by Dr Mark Else
  • 26. Working across the scales – people can make a difference but it needs global collaboration and human mobility Opportunities for GPC to engage with farmers and others interested or involved in food It is urgent!

Editor's Notes

  1. Relationship between chemical fertilizer consumption and grain production in different countries or regions (A: China, B: EU, C: Africa, D: USA) from 1961 to 2011. Data from FAO (2015) and the International Fertilizer Association (2015).
  2. An example of research+ in action Focus on Adoption