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Plastics

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The document discusses different types and properties of plastics. It is divided into sections by different students. Student One discusses raw materials used to make polymers and different molding methods like thermocompression and extrusion molding. Student Two talks about synthesizing basic polymers and additives that give plastics new qualities, and various molding processes like injection, foaming, and vacuum forming. Student Three explains physical properties including electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, density, and melting points. It also discusses mechanical properties like traction, compression, bending, and hardness. Chemical properties like permeability, solubility, and combustibility are presented. Biological properties including recyclability, toxicity, and biodegradability are covered. Finally, Student Four introduces

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By: Jesús Castillo, Bruno Koster and Sergio Vicente.
Student One  Raw materials: COAL, NATURAL GAS, MINERALS, PLANTS and CRUDE OIL.  With the synthesis of monomers you obtain a polymer.
METHODS.  Thermocompression: Ex: doorknob
METHODS.  Extrusion molding: Ex: tubes
METHODS.  Blow molding: Ex: bottle
Student Two  SYNTHESIS OF BASIC POLYMERS:  Plastics change shape and for. ADDITIVES:  Chemical products to give plastic new qualities.
INJECTION MOLDING: Process consisted in injecting materials into a mould.
FOAM MOLDING:  Is a process in which you make soft plastics.
VACUUM FORMING:  Is a process in which you apply heat and absorb the air inside.
CALENDERING:  A sheet of plastic passes between two rolls.
Student Three PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Electical conductivity:Capacity of a material for allowing the electric current to pass.  It has a high capacity of insulation.  Used for protecting the wires.  Thermal conductivity:It describes the behaviour of the polymers against the action of heat
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS  Density: Discovered by Arquimedes. (not for plastics) Low Density Polyethylene also known as LDPE Low density polymer High thermal , chemical resistance.  Expansion:Plastics expand if you increase their temperature.  Melting point:If the plastic is made of LDPE the melting point would be 150·c If the plastic is made of HDPE the meltin point would be 135·c
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS  There are different types of stress: Traction: The resistance to traction is the highest effort a material can resist Compression: Mold because of compression is the oldest.You put a plastic on a mold with a cavity Bending:You can bend a plastic by using an electric resistance Shearing: Torsion: A plastic would be resistance to torsion if you can bend the plastic without breaking it.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS  Elasticity: Plastics have a high capacity of elasticity. Used for wheels Malleability:When you can deform a plastic althought it is cold. Ductility:When plastic can be elongated with out breaking. Hardness:Is the capacity for penetrating in plastic. Weldability:The ability of welding plastics depends on time, temperature and pressure and the design of the plastic
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Permeability: Is the ability of passing through a solid without changing its structure. A plastic bag is NOT permeable. Solubility: Plastics do not have the ability of solubility , except polyethenol and polyalcohol. Combustibility: Plastic , when it reaches certain temperatures , can be defored or melted.
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Recyclability :Is the process of recycling plastic , and making other new products.  Toxicity:
BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Biodegradability : Biodegradation of plastics by microorganisms and enzymes seems to be the most effective process.
Student Four  Thermosetting Contains polymers Cross-linking process eliminates remlting in a product Improve meterials chemical properties Provides chemical resistance , heat resistance and structural.
THERMOSETING
THERMOPLASTICS  Soften heated and become more fluid  They can be remolded and recycled  High strength, shrink resistance , easy weldability
ELASTOMER  Polymer with viscoelasticity  Weaker intermolecule forces  It has a thin structure , slightly reticulated.

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Plastics

  • 1. By: Jesús Castillo, Bruno Koster and Sergio Vicente.
  • 2. Student One  Raw materials: COAL, NATURAL GAS, MINERALS, PLANTS and CRUDE OIL.  With the synthesis of monomers you obtain a polymer.
  • 4. METHODS.  Extrusion molding: Ex: tubes
  • 5. METHODS.  Blow molding: Ex: bottle
  • 6. Student Two  SYNTHESIS OF BASIC POLYMERS:  Plastics change shape and for. ADDITIVES:  Chemical products to give plastic new qualities.
  • 7. INJECTION MOLDING: Process consisted in injecting materials into a mould.
  • 8. FOAM MOLDING:  Is a process in which you make soft plastics.
  • 9. VACUUM FORMING:  Is a process in which you apply heat and absorb the air inside.
  • 10. CALENDERING:  A sheet of plastic passes between two rolls.
  • 11. Student Three PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Electical conductivity:Capacity of a material for allowing the electric current to pass.  It has a high capacity of insulation.  Used for protecting the wires.  Thermal conductivity:It describes the behaviour of the polymers against the action of heat
  • 12. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS  Density: Discovered by Arquimedes. (not for plastics) Low Density Polyethylene also known as LDPE Low density polymer High thermal , chemical resistance.  Expansion:Plastics expand if you increase their temperature.  Melting point:If the plastic is made of LDPE the melting point would be 150·c If the plastic is made of HDPE the meltin point would be 135·c
  • 13. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS  There are different types of stress: Traction: The resistance to traction is the highest effort a material can resist Compression: Mold because of compression is the oldest.You put a plastic on a mold with a cavity Bending:You can bend a plastic by using an electric resistance Shearing: Torsion: A plastic would be resistance to torsion if you can bend the plastic without breaking it.
  • 14. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS  Elasticity: Plastics have a high capacity of elasticity. Used for wheels Malleability:When you can deform a plastic althought it is cold. Ductility:When plastic can be elongated with out breaking. Hardness:Is the capacity for penetrating in plastic. Weldability:The ability of welding plastics depends on time, temperature and pressure and the design of the plastic
  • 15. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Permeability: Is the ability of passing through a solid without changing its structure. A plastic bag is NOT permeable. Solubility: Plastics do not have the ability of solubility , except polyethenol and polyalcohol. Combustibility: Plastic , when it reaches certain temperatures , can be defored or melted.
  • 16. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Recyclability :Is the process of recycling plastic , and making other new products.  Toxicity:
  • 17. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC  Biodegradability : Biodegradation of plastics by microorganisms and enzymes seems to be the most effective process.
  • 18. Student Four  Thermosetting Contains polymers Cross-linking process eliminates remlting in a product Improve meterials chemical properties Provides chemical resistance , heat resistance and structural.
  • 20. THERMOPLASTICS  Soften heated and become more fluid  They can be remolded and recycled  High strength, shrink resistance , easy weldability
  • 21. ELASTOMER  Polymer with viscoelasticity  Weaker intermolecule forces  It has a thin structure , slightly reticulated.