Topology control protocols for WSNs challenges and research opportunities, 14 Nov 2014

WSN network architecture -Sensor Network Scenarios & Transceiver Design Consi...

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Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocols

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Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks face several unique challenges compared to other wireless networks. The document discusses these challenges and provides an overview of common routing protocol approaches in WSNs, including flat routing protocols like SPIN and Directed Diffusion, hierarchical routing protocols like LEACH, and location-based routing protocols. It also covers routing design issues specific to WSNs such as energy efficiency, data delivery models, fault tolerance, and quality of service.

1) The document discusses the capacity of wireless channels, including Shannon capacity, capacity in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, and capacity of flat fading channels with different channel state information scenarios. 2) It describes the optimal power allocation strategy when the transmitter and receiver have channel state information, which is to allocate more power to better channel states using waterfilling. 3) For frequency-selective fading channels, capacity is achieved through waterfilling in frequency to allocate higher power to better subchannels subject to an overall power constraint.

Multiple access techniques for wireless communications

Power Aware Routing in Adhoc Networks

LAR utilizes location information to improve routing efficiency by reducing control overhead. It uses GPS to obtain geographical information. There are two zones in LAR - the ExpectedZone where the destination is expected to be based on past location/mobility, and the RequestZone where routing packets can propagate. A RequestZone is created around the source and ExpectedZone, and routing requests are only forwarded to neighbors in this zone. Replies include current location, time, and sometimes speed. Intermediate nodes only forward if their distance to the destination is less than the source's distance. LAR reduces overhead but requires GPS, limiting its applicability.

Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN)

rajivagarwal23dei

Wireless sensor networks consist of large numbers of sensor nodes that monitor parameters and communicate wirelessly. The SPIN protocol family was developed to address the limitations of sensor nodes, particularly their limited energy, computation, and communication capabilities. SPIN uses meta-data negotiation and resource awareness to disseminate data between nodes more efficiently than flooding protocols. SPIN-1 is a simple three-stage handshake protocol that reduces energy costs. SPIN-2 builds upon SPIN-1 with an additional energy conservation heuristic to further prolong network lifetime. Evaluation shows SPIN consumes significantly less energy than flooding for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks.

Non orthogonal multiple access

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Geographic Routing in WSN

Mahbubur Rahman

This document summarizes geographical routing in wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to geographic routing protocols, which route packets based on the geographic position of nodes rather than their network addresses. It then discusses several specific geographic routing protocols, including Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Geographical and Energy Aware Routing (GEAR). The document also covers topics like how nodes obtain location information, security issues in geographic routing like the Sybil attack, and concludes that geographic routing can enable scalable and energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks.

Propagation Model

Deepak Sharma

This document summarizes key concepts in propagation models for wireless mobile communications. It discusses free space losses, plane earth losses, and models for the wireless channel including macrocells, shadowing, narrowband fast fading, and wideband fast fading. Empirical and physical statistical models are described for modeling propagation in different environments like urban, suburban, and rural areas. Deterministic and statistical models are presented for modeling narrowband fast fading effects.

Issues in routing protocol

The document discusses key issues in designing ad hoc wireless routing protocols including mobility, bandwidth constraints from a shared radio channel, and resource constraints of battery life and processing power. It outlines problems like the hidden and exposed terminal problems that can occur on a shared wireless channel. It also provides ideal characteristics for routing protocols, noting they should be fully distributed, adaptive to topology changes, use minimal flooding, and converge quickly when paths break while minimizing overhead through efficient use of bandwidth and resources.

WSN-Routing Protocols Energy Efficient Routing

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cellular concepts in wireless communication

asadkhan1327

The document discusses the concept of frequency reuse in cellular networks. It explains that a limited radio spectrum is used to serve millions of subscribers by dividing the network coverage area into cells and reusing frequencies across spatially separated cells. Each cell is allocated a portion of the total available frequencies, and neighboring cells are assigned different frequencies to minimize interference. The frequency reuse factor is defined as the ratio of the minimum distance between co-channel cells to the cell radius. Larger frequency reuse factors provide better isolation between co-channel cells but reduce network capacity. The document also covers additional topics like different channel assignment strategies, handoff methods, interference calculation and optimization of frequency reuse networks.

Wireless sensor Networks.ppt

A wireless sensor network has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking, particularly in recent years with the help of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. Sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. A WSN consists of a number of sensor nodes (few tens to thousands) working together to monitor a region to obtain data about the environment. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the applications design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. Current Activities in WSN: Developing test bed for target tracking Using Passive Infrared and Ultrasonic Sensors Improving the delivery rate in low power wireless networks .Guided Navigation of Friendly Vehicle towards tracked Object. Design and development of smart mines and explosive ordinance for intelligent activation and deactivation and safe recovery based on secure WSN. Design of a data mule for data collection from remotely placed sensor nodes The course gives the thorough concepts of the wireless sensor networks, applications examples. It also gives detailed study of sensor node architecture and various protocols used in wireless sensor networks. It also covers issues related to topology, clustering ,synchronization and operating execution environment used for wireless sensor networks.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

vtunotesbysree

This document discusses wireless sensor networks and localization/tracking problems in sensor networks. It begins with key concepts in sensor networks like limited resources, distributed sensing, and canonical problems like localization and tracking. It then discusses approaches to localization and tracking like Bayesian estimation, Kalman filtering, and particle filtering. It highlights challenges like distributed representation of information and tracking multiple interacting targets. The document provides examples and explanations of fundamental concepts in collaborative signal and information processing for sensor networks.

Energy consumption of wsn

DeepaDasarathan

This document discusses wireless sensor network applications and energy consumption. It provides examples of WSN applications including disaster relief, environment monitoring, healthcare, and more. It then discusses various factors that influence energy consumption in sensor nodes, including operation states, microcontroller usage, radio transceivers, memory, and the relationship between computation and communication. Specific power consumption numbers are given for different components like radios, sensors, and microprocessors. The goals of optimization for WSNs are discussed as quality of service, energy efficiency, scalability, and robustness.

Ec 2401 wireless communication unit 4

JAIGANESH SEKAR

This document provides an overview of signal processing techniques used in wireless systems, including diversity and equalization. It discusses various diversity techniques like spatial, temporal, frequency, angular, and polarization diversity as well as macro and micro diversity. It also explains different types of combining diversity including selection, maximal ratio combining, and equal gain combining. The document concludes with sections on linear equalizers such as zero forcing and MMSE, as well as nonlinear equalizers using algorithms like LMS and RLS.

Wireless routing protocols

barodia_1437

WSN NETWORK -MAC PROTOCOLS - Low Duty Cycle Protocols And Wakeup Concepts – ...

Basics of Network Traffic Management

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SENSOR NETWORK PLATFORMS AND TOOLS

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This document discusses different types of sensor node hardware: augmented general-purpose computers, dedicated embedded sensor nodes, and system-on-chip devices. It notes that Berkley motes have gained popularity due to their small size, open source software, and commercial availability. The document also outlines programming challenges for sensor networks and different approaches like event-driven execution, node-level software platforms, and state-centric programming.

Traffic-adaptive Medium Access Protocol

Gaurav Chauhan

Localization in WSN

Yara Ali

This document discusses localization techniques in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It begins with an introduction to WSNs and their applications that require location information. While GPS could provide location data, it is not practical for WSNs due to cost and physical constraints. The document then categorizes localization methods as range-based, which use distance or angle measurements, and range-free, which do not directly measure distance. Specific techniques like time of arrival, received signal strength, and DV-Hop localization are described. The document concludes with classifications of localization methods and topics for future work.

Security in wireless sensor networks

Piyush Mittal

This document discusses security challenges in wireless sensor networks. It covers several topics: why security is needed in WSNs given their mission-critical applications; why security is more complicated in WSNs due to resource constraints of sensor nodes; common security requirements like confidentiality, integrity, and availability; guiding principles for securing WSNs like decentralized management and adaptive security; common attacks against WSNs at different layers of the protocol stack; and open research issues regarding cryptography, key management, secure data aggregation, and other high-level security mechanisms for WSNs.

A Pairwise Key Security Scheme Suits Topology Control Protocols, 2nd afro e...

METHODIST COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH

This document discusses security challenges in wireless sensor networks and proposes two pairwise key distribution schemes called FPK and SOPK that aim to improve network lifetime. The FPK scheme assigns keys differently based on node energy levels, giving high energy nodes more keys. The SOPK scheme adds an opportunity level where low energy nodes can obtain additional keys from high energy nodes. Simulation results show the proposed schemes extend network lifetime over the basic scheme by up to 24% while increasing topology maintenance and sensed data collection. Both schemes achieve this using a smaller percentage of active nodes compared to the basic scheme.

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cellular concepts in wireless communication

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

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Energy consumption of wsn

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WSN-Routing Protocols Energy Efficient Routing

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Wireless sensor Networks.ppt

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Energy consumption of wsn

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Wireless sensor networks have various applications including environment monitoring, acoustic detection, military surveillance, inventory tracking, medical monitoring, and greenhouse monitoring. They have advantages such as lower implementation costs compared to wired networks and suitability for temporary or remote networks. However, they also have disadvantages like lower speed, less security, complex configuration, and reliance on battery power. Different network topologies for sensor networks each have their own advantages and disadvantages related to issues like single point of failure, routing, and scalability. Wireless sensor networks are increasingly used in many sectors despite challenges, and ongoing research aims to enhance their capabilities and address limitations.

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