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Sons and lovers ppt

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Mohan Raj Raj
Mohan Raj Raj

D. H. Lawrence has displayed a bold originality of his genius and his consummate artistic finesse in Sons and Lovers. With his pioneering artistry, he deviated from the traditional patter of fiction and tried to break fresh grounds.

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Sonsand Lovers - D.H.Lawrence Assistant Professor, Indo -American College, Cheyyar. Available @ : 9751660760 E-mail: rajmohan251@gmail.com
Born : 11 September 1885 Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England Died : 2 March 1930 (aged 44), France Occupation : Novelist, poet Studied at : University of Nottingham Genre : Modernism Novels : Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, John Thomas and Lady Jane Short Stories : Odour of Chrysanthemum, The Virgin and the Gypsy, The Rocking-Horse Winner Lawrence’s fear of negative public opinion may have been one reason for his vague use of language and the obscure treatment of sex in the novel. David Herbert Lawrence was born in Nottinghamshire, England where his father was a miner. His experience growing up in a coal-mining family provided much of the inspiration for Sons and Lovers. Lawrence had many affairs with women in his life, including a longstanding relationship with Jessie Chambers (on whom the character of Miriam is based), an engagement to Louie Burrows, and an eventual elopement to Germany with Frieda Weekly. Sons and Lovers was written in 1913, and contains many autobiographical details. Many of Lawrence’s novels were very controversial because of their frank treatment of sex it is evident in Sons and Lovers.
Sons and lovers ppt
Part II Both repulsed by and drawn to his mother, Paul is afraid to leave her but wants to go out on his own, and needs to experience love. Gradually, he falls into a relationship with Miriam, a farmer's daughter who attends his church. The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books but Paul resists, in part because his mother disapproves. At Miriam's family's farm, Paul meets Clara Dawes, a young woman with, apparently, feminist sympathies who has separated from her husband, Baxter. After pressuring Miriam into a physical relationship, which he finds unsatisfying, Paul breaks with her as he grows more intimate with Clara, who is more passionate physically. But even she cannot hold him and he returns to his mother. When his mother dies soon after, he is alone. Plot summary Part I The refined daughter of a ‘good old burgher family,’ Gertrude Coppard meets a rough-hewn miner, Walter Morel, at a Christmas dance and falls into a whirlwind romance characterised by physical passion. But soon after her marriage to Walter, she realises the difficulties of living off his meagre salary in a rented house. The couple fight and drift apart and Walter retreats to the pub after work each day. Gradually, Mrs. Morel's affections shift to her sons beginning with the oldest, William. As a boy, William is so attached to his mother that he doesn't enjoy the fair without her. As he grows older, he defends her against his father's occasional violence. Eventually, he leaves their Nottinghamshire home for a job in London, where he begins to rise up into the middle class. He is engaged, but he detests the girl's superficiality. He dies and Mrs. Morel is heartbroken, but when Paul catches pneumonia she rediscovers her love for her second son.
Characters List Gertrude Morel Paul Morel Walter Morel William Morel Annie Morel Arthur Morel Miriam Leivers Clara Dawes Baxter Dawes Mrs. Radford Fanny John Field Jerry Purdy Mr. Heaton Beatrice Wyld Thomas Jordan Louisa Lily Denys Mr. &Mrs. Leivers Edgar Geoffrey Maurice Agatha
Paul Morel Paul is the protagonist of the novel, and we follow his life from infancy to his early twenties. He is sensitive, temperamental, artistic (a painter), and unceasingly devoted to his mother. They are inseparable; he confides everything in her, works and paints to please her, and nurses her as she dies. Paul has ultimately unsuccessful romances with Miriam Leiver and Clara Dawes, always alternating between great love and hatred for each of them. His relationship fails with Miriam because she is too sacrificial and virginal to claim him as hers, whereas it fails with Clara because, it seems, she has never given up on her estranged husband. However, the major reason behind Paul's break-ups is the long shadow of his mother; no woman can ever equal her in his eyes, and he can never free himself from her possession. Miriam Leiver Miriam is a virginal, religious girl who lives on a farm near the Morels, and she is Paul's first love. However, their relationship takes ages to move beyond the Platonic and into the romantic. She loves Paul deeply, but he never wants to marry her and ‘belong’ to her, in his words. Rather, he sees her more as a sacrificial, spiritual soul mate and less as a sensual, romantic lover. Mrs. Morel, who feels threatened by Miriam's intellectuality, always reinforces his disdain for Miriam. Clara Dawes Clara is an older women estranged from her husband, Baxter Dawes. Unlike the intellectual Miriam, Clara seems to represent the body. Her sensuality attracts Paul, as does her elusiveness and mysteriousness. However, she loses this elusiveness as their affair continues, and Paul feels she has always ‘belonged’ to her husband. Character Sketch:
William Morel William, Mrs. Morel's ‘knight,’ is her favourite son. But when he moves away, she disapproves of his new lifestyle and new girlfriends, especially Lily. His death plunges Mrs. Morel into grief. Baxter Dawes Dawes, a burly, handsome man, is estranged from his wife, Clara Dawes, because of his infidelity. He resents Paul for taking Clara, but over time the men become friends. Annie Morel Annie is the Morel's only daughter. She is a school teacher who leaves home fairly early. Arthur Morel Arthur, the youngest Morel son, is exceptionally handsome, but also immature. He rashly enters the military, and it takes a while until he gets out. He marries Beatrice. Louisa Lily Denys Lily, William's girlfriend, is materialistic and vain. Her condescending behaviour around the Morels irritates William, and she soon forgets about him after his death. Character Sketch... Walter Morel Morel, the coal-mining head of the family, was once a humorous, lively man, but over time he has become a cruel, selfish alcoholic. His family, especially Mrs. Morel, despises him, and Paul frequently entertains fantasies of his father's dying.
Lawrence's finest achievement: Sons and Lovers (1913) novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence, originally published by B.W. Huebsch Publishers. The Modern Library placed it ninth on their list of the 100 best novels of the 20th century. While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement. The third published novel of D. H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece, tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and budding artist. Lawrence began working on the novel in the period of his mother's illness, and often expresses this sense of his mother's wasted life through his female protagonist Gertrude Morel. Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it. Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers. Letters written around the time of its development clearly demonstrate the admiration he felt for his mother – viewing her as a 'clever, ironical, delicately moulded woman' — and her apparently unfortunate marriage to his coal miner father, a man of 'sanguine temperament' and instability. He believed that his mother had married below her class status.
Family Love Drugs and Alcohol Women and Feminity Men and Masculinity Art and Culture Technology and Modernisation Pride Themes
Oedipus complex D.H. Lawrence was aware of Freud's theory , Sons and Lovers famously uses the Oedipus complex as its base for exploring Paul's relationship with his mother. Paul is hopelessly devoted to his mother, and that love often borders on romantic desire. Lawrence writes many scenes between the two that go beyond the bounds of conventional mother-son love. Completing the Oedipal equation, Paul murderously hates his father and often fantasizes about his death. Paul assuages his guilty, incestuous feelings by transferring them elsewhere, and the greatest receivers are Miriam and Clara (note that transference is another Freudian term). However, Paul cannot love either woman nearly as much as he does his mother, though he does not always realize that this is an impediment to his romantic life.
He intentionally overdoses his dying mother with morphia, an act that reduces her suffering but also subverts his Oedipal fate, since he does not kill his father, but his mother. Twist to the Oedipus complex Lawrence adds a twist to the Oedipus complex: Mrs. Morel is saddled with it as well. She desires both William and Paul in near- romantic ways, and she despises all their girlfriends. She, too, engages in transference, projecting her dissatisfaction with her marriage onto her smothering love for her sons. At the end of the novel, Paul takes a major step in releasing himself from his Oedipus complex. Bondage Lawrence discusses bondage, or servitude, in two major ways: social and romantic. Mrs. Morel feels bound by her status as a woman and by industrialism. She complains of feeling ‘buried alive,' a logical lament for someone married to a miner, and even the children feel they are in a ‘tight place of anxiety.’ Romantic bondage is given far more emphasis in the novel. Paul (and William, to a somewhat lesser extent) feels bound to his mother, and cannot imagine ever abandoning her or even marrying anyone else.
Treatment of jealousy Paul frequently rouses jealousy in Miriam with his flirtations with Agatha Leiver and Beatrice, and Dawes is violently jealous of Paul's romance with Clara. Morel, too, is jealous over his wife's closer relationships with his sons and over their successes. Mrs. Morel is constantly jealous of her sons' lovers, and she masks this jealousy very thinly. Complementing the theme of bondage is the novel's treatment of jealousy. Contradictions and oppositions Lawrence demonstrates how contradictions emerge so easily in human nature, especially with love and hate. Paul vacillates between hatred and love for all the women in his life, including his mother at times. Lawrence also uses the opposition of the body and mind to expose the contradictory nature of desire; frequently, characters pair up with someone who is quite unlike them.
Sons and Lovers has a great deal of description of the natural environment. Often, the weather and environment reflect the characters' emotions through the literary technique of pathetic fallacy. Lawrence's characters also experience moments of transcendence while alone in nature, much as the Romantics did. More frequently, characters bond deeply while in nature. Lawrence uses flowers throughout the novel to symbolize these deep connections. However, flowers are sometimes agents of division, as when Paul is repulsed by Miriam's fawning behaviour towards the daffodil. Nature and flowers
"Sons and Lovers" as a Psychological Novel Sons and Lovers belongs to the category of psychological fiction. The psychology of the characters and the typical problems, emanating from a particular psychological pattern form the staple of a psychological novel. This psychological novel has been ushered in by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce. The psycho-analytical novel, as the very name implies, lays stress on psycho-analysis. The novelist becomes a psychoanalyst and he brings into focus, the subtle and intricate psychological cross currents. The analysis of the psychology of the characters is what constitutes the motif of a psychoanalytical fiction. The novelist goes deeper and deeper into the innermost crevice of the psychology of his characters and he brings out or externalizes the subtle psychological framework of the characters. It was undoubtedly the great creative fecundity of D. H. Lawrence, which was responsible for the intention of psychological novel. The psychological theories and concepts enunciated and disseminated by Freud and Jung revolutionized the world of conventional human thought.
Stream of consciousness The psychological novelist including D. H Lawrence has resorted to a new technical device has rendered immense help to the novelists in their bid to lay bare the psyche or the soul of the characters. The plot is rescued from the bondage of time. The action does not proceed forward chronologically. The novelist very often flouts the norm and propriety with regard to the logical consistency of time. But this resultant incoherence or inconsistency of structure has been more than compensated by the exquisite delineation of subtle psychology of the characters. In order to suit the artistic purpose, the novelists make the action move forward and backward. In this context, the pertinent observation of David Daichess merited: “The stream of consciousness technique is a means of escape from the tyranny of the time dimension.” This ‘stream of consciousness’ technique has made possible for the novelists who experimenting on time and place.
Lawrence’s style: Lawrence’s bold originality is exemplified by his style, which is impressionistic. His style is more poetic than the prosaic style of others. He has used plants of vivid images and symbols. Long before the efflorescence of ‘the stream of consciousness novels, Lawrence foreshadowed the style of consciousness novels; Lawrence foreshadowed these style of this type novels. Lames Joyce and Virginia Woolf perfected it with their mature artistry. Impressionistic experiment Lawrence was primarily concerned with the inner mind of his characters. It was the interior and not the exterior that attracted him. He sought to portray the ‘shimmeriness of life’ and he considered this to be the essence. He has displayed rare artistic excellence in vivifying the most complex and complicated thoughts of the characters figuring in his novel. In order to suit his purpose, Lawrence has had resource to a completely new style, known as impressionistic experiment. This impressionistic style helped him greatly to reveal the inner life of his characters. It helped him to transgress the bounds of language and therefore his characters have become capable of giving vent to their complicated feelings and emotion.
D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers – Traditional Novel or Experimental Novel? The ‘Oedipus Complex’ constitutes a psychological problem and this forms the nucleus of the novel, Sons and Lovers. D. H. Lawrence has displayed a bold originality of his genius and his consummate artistic finesse in Sons and Lovers. With his pioneering artistry, he deviated from the traditional patter of fiction and tried to break fresh grounds. His originality paved the way for the emergence of a new literary genre, unknown to nineteenth century literary circle. His sharp or distinct departure from the conventional type of fiction is evident in the theme of this novel and in the presentation of the theme. Lawrence gave due emphasis to the story-telling aspect. But at the same time he was very much conscious of his genius who was apt to strike a new note, hitherto unexplored and untouched by the so-called conventional novelists. Lawrence did not sell himself as a traditional raconteur. The primary concern of the conventional 19th century novelists was with the story-telling aspect. Lawrence has deliberately flouted the rule concerning the unity of time. Lawrence had a rare gift psychological insight Hence, the novel is more experimental than traditional and Lawrence’s genius flashed with rare originality in Sons and Lovers.
D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers Examined the Oedipus complex or Mother- Fixation theory of Freud – Sons and Lovers is the masterpiece of D.H. Lawrence which may be said the priest psychoanalytical novel in English. The most striking feature of Lawrence’s characters is the resemblance they bear to their creator. Thus, the protagonist Paul morel in Sons and Lovers is cruelly a projection of Lawrence himself. The scene of the novel is set in the mining Autobiographical element in the novel The roots of Sons and Lovers are clearly located in Lawrence’s life. His childhood coal-mining town of Eastwood was changed, with a sardonic twist, to Bestwood. Walter Morel was modelled on Lawrence’s hard-drinking, irresponsible collier father, Arthur. Lydia became Gertrude Morel, the intellectually stifled, unhappy mother who lives through her sons. The death by erysipelas of one of Lawrence’s elder brothers, Ernest depicted as William. Jessie Chambers, a neighbour with whom Lawrence developed an intense friendship, and who would become Miriam Leiver in the novel. Lawrence’s future wife, Frieda von Richtofen, partially inspired the portrait of Clara Dawes. Both Ernest and his fictional counterpart, William, were engaged to London stenographers.
Compared to his later works, however, such as The Rainbow, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Sons and Lovers seems quite modest. Considered Lawrence’s first masterpiece, most critics of the day praised Sons and Lovers for its authentic treatment of industrial life and sexuality. There is evidence that Lawrence was aware of Sigmund Freud’s early theories on sexuality, and Sons and Lovers deeply explores and revises of one of Freud’s major theories, the Oedipus complex. (Lawrence would go on to write more works on psychoanalysis in the 1920s.) Still, the book received some criticism from those who felt the author had gone too far in his description of Paul’s confused sexuality.
Oedipus complex: The idea of the Oedipus complex is derived from the legend of King Oedipus of Thebes in ancient Greece. Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. He begot two sons and two daughters from her. Freud, a German psychologist, used the term Oedipus complex to signify the manifestation of the sexual desire of the child for the parent of the opposite sex. Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian neurologist the father of psychoanalysis (a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst), was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and influential thinker of the early twentieth century. Working initially in close collaboration with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy- system, the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. His work has been influential in psychiatry , in anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, and religious studies. He came to the attention of the Viennese founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. The two men conducted a lengthy correspondence and collaborated on an initially joint vision of human psychology. He created some of the best known psychological concepts, including synchronicity, archetypal phenomena, the collective unconscious, the psychological complex, and extraversion and introversion. Webster’s Dictionary explains the Oedipus complex as “the unconscious tendency of a child to be attached to the parent of the opposite sex and hostile towards the other parent: its persistence in adult life results in neurotic disorders.”
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Sons and lovers ppt

  • 1. Sonsand Lovers - D.H.Lawrence Assistant Professor, Indo -American College, Cheyyar. Available @ : 9751660760 E-mail: rajmohan251@gmail.com
  • 2. Born : 11 September 1885 Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England Died : 2 March 1930 (aged 44), France Occupation : Novelist, poet Studied at : University of Nottingham Genre : Modernism Novels : Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, John Thomas and Lady Jane Short Stories : Odour of Chrysanthemum, The Virgin and the Gypsy, The Rocking-Horse Winner Lawrence’s fear of negative public opinion may have been one reason for his vague use of language and the obscure treatment of sex in the novel. David Herbert Lawrence was born in Nottinghamshire, England where his father was a miner. His experience growing up in a coal-mining family provided much of the inspiration for Sons and Lovers. Lawrence had many affairs with women in his life, including a longstanding relationship with Jessie Chambers (on whom the character of Miriam is based), an engagement to Louie Burrows, and an eventual elopement to Germany with Frieda Weekly. Sons and Lovers was written in 1913, and contains many autobiographical details. Many of Lawrence’s novels were very controversial because of their frank treatment of sex it is evident in Sons and Lovers.
  • 4. Part II Both repulsed by and drawn to his mother, Paul is afraid to leave her but wants to go out on his own, and needs to experience love. Gradually, he falls into a relationship with Miriam, a farmer's daughter who attends his church. The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books but Paul resists, in part because his mother disapproves. At Miriam's family's farm, Paul meets Clara Dawes, a young woman with, apparently, feminist sympathies who has separated from her husband, Baxter. After pressuring Miriam into a physical relationship, which he finds unsatisfying, Paul breaks with her as he grows more intimate with Clara, who is more passionate physically. But even she cannot hold him and he returns to his mother. When his mother dies soon after, he is alone. Plot summary Part I The refined daughter of a ‘good old burgher family,’ Gertrude Coppard meets a rough-hewn miner, Walter Morel, at a Christmas dance and falls into a whirlwind romance characterised by physical passion. But soon after her marriage to Walter, she realises the difficulties of living off his meagre salary in a rented house. The couple fight and drift apart and Walter retreats to the pub after work each day. Gradually, Mrs. Morel's affections shift to her sons beginning with the oldest, William. As a boy, William is so attached to his mother that he doesn't enjoy the fair without her. As he grows older, he defends her against his father's occasional violence. Eventually, he leaves their Nottinghamshire home for a job in London, where he begins to rise up into the middle class. He is engaged, but he detests the girl's superficiality. He dies and Mrs. Morel is heartbroken, but when Paul catches pneumonia she rediscovers her love for her second son.
  • 5. Characters List Gertrude Morel Paul Morel Walter Morel William Morel Annie Morel Arthur Morel Miriam Leivers Clara Dawes Baxter Dawes Mrs. Radford Fanny John Field Jerry Purdy Mr. Heaton Beatrice Wyld Thomas Jordan Louisa Lily Denys Mr. &Mrs. Leivers Edgar Geoffrey Maurice Agatha
  • 6. Paul Morel Paul is the protagonist of the novel, and we follow his life from infancy to his early twenties. He is sensitive, temperamental, artistic (a painter), and unceasingly devoted to his mother. They are inseparable; he confides everything in her, works and paints to please her, and nurses her as she dies. Paul has ultimately unsuccessful romances with Miriam Leiver and Clara Dawes, always alternating between great love and hatred for each of them. His relationship fails with Miriam because she is too sacrificial and virginal to claim him as hers, whereas it fails with Clara because, it seems, she has never given up on her estranged husband. However, the major reason behind Paul's break-ups is the long shadow of his mother; no woman can ever equal her in his eyes, and he can never free himself from her possession. Miriam Leiver Miriam is a virginal, religious girl who lives on a farm near the Morels, and she is Paul's first love. However, their relationship takes ages to move beyond the Platonic and into the romantic. She loves Paul deeply, but he never wants to marry her and ‘belong’ to her, in his words. Rather, he sees her more as a sacrificial, spiritual soul mate and less as a sensual, romantic lover. Mrs. Morel, who feels threatened by Miriam's intellectuality, always reinforces his disdain for Miriam. Clara Dawes Clara is an older women estranged from her husband, Baxter Dawes. Unlike the intellectual Miriam, Clara seems to represent the body. Her sensuality attracts Paul, as does her elusiveness and mysteriousness. However, she loses this elusiveness as their affair continues, and Paul feels she has always ‘belonged’ to her husband. Character Sketch:
  • 7. William Morel William, Mrs. Morel's ‘knight,’ is her favourite son. But when he moves away, she disapproves of his new lifestyle and new girlfriends, especially Lily. His death plunges Mrs. Morel into grief. Baxter Dawes Dawes, a burly, handsome man, is estranged from his wife, Clara Dawes, because of his infidelity. He resents Paul for taking Clara, but over time the men become friends. Annie Morel Annie is the Morel's only daughter. She is a school teacher who leaves home fairly early. Arthur Morel Arthur, the youngest Morel son, is exceptionally handsome, but also immature. He rashly enters the military, and it takes a while until he gets out. He marries Beatrice. Louisa Lily Denys Lily, William's girlfriend, is materialistic and vain. Her condescending behaviour around the Morels irritates William, and she soon forgets about him after his death. Character Sketch... Walter Morel Morel, the coal-mining head of the family, was once a humorous, lively man, but over time he has become a cruel, selfish alcoholic. His family, especially Mrs. Morel, despises him, and Paul frequently entertains fantasies of his father's dying.
  • 8. Lawrence's finest achievement: Sons and Lovers (1913) novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence, originally published by B.W. Huebsch Publishers. The Modern Library placed it ninth on their list of the 100 best novels of the 20th century. While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement. The third published novel of D. H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece, tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and budding artist. Lawrence began working on the novel in the period of his mother's illness, and often expresses this sense of his mother's wasted life through his female protagonist Gertrude Morel. Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it. Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers. Letters written around the time of its development clearly demonstrate the admiration he felt for his mother – viewing her as a 'clever, ironical, delicately moulded woman' — and her apparently unfortunate marriage to his coal miner father, a man of 'sanguine temperament' and instability. He believed that his mother had married below her class status.
  • 9. Family Love Drugs and Alcohol Women and Feminity Men and Masculinity Art and Culture Technology and Modernisation Pride Themes
  • 10. Oedipus complex D.H. Lawrence was aware of Freud's theory , Sons and Lovers famously uses the Oedipus complex as its base for exploring Paul's relationship with his mother. Paul is hopelessly devoted to his mother, and that love often borders on romantic desire. Lawrence writes many scenes between the two that go beyond the bounds of conventional mother-son love. Completing the Oedipal equation, Paul murderously hates his father and often fantasizes about his death. Paul assuages his guilty, incestuous feelings by transferring them elsewhere, and the greatest receivers are Miriam and Clara (note that transference is another Freudian term). However, Paul cannot love either woman nearly as much as he does his mother, though he does not always realize that this is an impediment to his romantic life.
  • 11. He intentionally overdoses his dying mother with morphia, an act that reduces her suffering but also subverts his Oedipal fate, since he does not kill his father, but his mother. Twist to the Oedipus complex Lawrence adds a twist to the Oedipus complex: Mrs. Morel is saddled with it as well. She desires both William and Paul in near- romantic ways, and she despises all their girlfriends. She, too, engages in transference, projecting her dissatisfaction with her marriage onto her smothering love for her sons. At the end of the novel, Paul takes a major step in releasing himself from his Oedipus complex. Bondage Lawrence discusses bondage, or servitude, in two major ways: social and romantic. Mrs. Morel feels bound by her status as a woman and by industrialism. She complains of feeling ‘buried alive,' a logical lament for someone married to a miner, and even the children feel they are in a ‘tight place of anxiety.’ Romantic bondage is given far more emphasis in the novel. Paul (and William, to a somewhat lesser extent) feels bound to his mother, and cannot imagine ever abandoning her or even marrying anyone else.
  • 12. Treatment of jealousy Paul frequently rouses jealousy in Miriam with his flirtations with Agatha Leiver and Beatrice, and Dawes is violently jealous of Paul's romance with Clara. Morel, too, is jealous over his wife's closer relationships with his sons and over their successes. Mrs. Morel is constantly jealous of her sons' lovers, and she masks this jealousy very thinly. Complementing the theme of bondage is the novel's treatment of jealousy. Contradictions and oppositions Lawrence demonstrates how contradictions emerge so easily in human nature, especially with love and hate. Paul vacillates between hatred and love for all the women in his life, including his mother at times. Lawrence also uses the opposition of the body and mind to expose the contradictory nature of desire; frequently, characters pair up with someone who is quite unlike them.
  • 13. Sons and Lovers has a great deal of description of the natural environment. Often, the weather and environment reflect the characters' emotions through the literary technique of pathetic fallacy. Lawrence's characters also experience moments of transcendence while alone in nature, much as the Romantics did. More frequently, characters bond deeply while in nature. Lawrence uses flowers throughout the novel to symbolize these deep connections. However, flowers are sometimes agents of division, as when Paul is repulsed by Miriam's fawning behaviour towards the daffodil. Nature and flowers
  • 14. "Sons and Lovers" as a Psychological Novel Sons and Lovers belongs to the category of psychological fiction. The psychology of the characters and the typical problems, emanating from a particular psychological pattern form the staple of a psychological novel. This psychological novel has been ushered in by Virginia Woolf and James Joyce. The psycho-analytical novel, as the very name implies, lays stress on psycho-analysis. The novelist becomes a psychoanalyst and he brings into focus, the subtle and intricate psychological cross currents. The analysis of the psychology of the characters is what constitutes the motif of a psychoanalytical fiction. The novelist goes deeper and deeper into the innermost crevice of the psychology of his characters and he brings out or externalizes the subtle psychological framework of the characters. It was undoubtedly the great creative fecundity of D. H. Lawrence, which was responsible for the intention of psychological novel. The psychological theories and concepts enunciated and disseminated by Freud and Jung revolutionized the world of conventional human thought.
  • 15. Stream of consciousness The psychological novelist including D. H Lawrence has resorted to a new technical device has rendered immense help to the novelists in their bid to lay bare the psyche or the soul of the characters. The plot is rescued from the bondage of time. The action does not proceed forward chronologically. The novelist very often flouts the norm and propriety with regard to the logical consistency of time. But this resultant incoherence or inconsistency of structure has been more than compensated by the exquisite delineation of subtle psychology of the characters. In order to suit the artistic purpose, the novelists make the action move forward and backward. In this context, the pertinent observation of David Daichess merited: “The stream of consciousness technique is a means of escape from the tyranny of the time dimension.” This ‘stream of consciousness’ technique has made possible for the novelists who experimenting on time and place.
  • 16. Lawrence’s style: Lawrence’s bold originality is exemplified by his style, which is impressionistic. His style is more poetic than the prosaic style of others. He has used plants of vivid images and symbols. Long before the efflorescence of ‘the stream of consciousness novels, Lawrence foreshadowed the style of consciousness novels; Lawrence foreshadowed these style of this type novels. Lames Joyce and Virginia Woolf perfected it with their mature artistry. Impressionistic experiment Lawrence was primarily concerned with the inner mind of his characters. It was the interior and not the exterior that attracted him. He sought to portray the ‘shimmeriness of life’ and he considered this to be the essence. He has displayed rare artistic excellence in vivifying the most complex and complicated thoughts of the characters figuring in his novel. In order to suit his purpose, Lawrence has had resource to a completely new style, known as impressionistic experiment. This impressionistic style helped him greatly to reveal the inner life of his characters. It helped him to transgress the bounds of language and therefore his characters have become capable of giving vent to their complicated feelings and emotion.
  • 17. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers – Traditional Novel or Experimental Novel? The ‘Oedipus Complex’ constitutes a psychological problem and this forms the nucleus of the novel, Sons and Lovers. D. H. Lawrence has displayed a bold originality of his genius and his consummate artistic finesse in Sons and Lovers. With his pioneering artistry, he deviated from the traditional patter of fiction and tried to break fresh grounds. His originality paved the way for the emergence of a new literary genre, unknown to nineteenth century literary circle. His sharp or distinct departure from the conventional type of fiction is evident in the theme of this novel and in the presentation of the theme. Lawrence gave due emphasis to the story-telling aspect. But at the same time he was very much conscious of his genius who was apt to strike a new note, hitherto unexplored and untouched by the so-called conventional novelists. Lawrence did not sell himself as a traditional raconteur. The primary concern of the conventional 19th century novelists was with the story-telling aspect. Lawrence has deliberately flouted the rule concerning the unity of time. Lawrence had a rare gift psychological insight Hence, the novel is more experimental than traditional and Lawrence’s genius flashed with rare originality in Sons and Lovers.
  • 18. D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers Examined the Oedipus complex or Mother- Fixation theory of Freud – Sons and Lovers is the masterpiece of D.H. Lawrence which may be said the priest psychoanalytical novel in English. The most striking feature of Lawrence’s characters is the resemblance they bear to their creator. Thus, the protagonist Paul morel in Sons and Lovers is cruelly a projection of Lawrence himself. The scene of the novel is set in the mining Autobiographical element in the novel The roots of Sons and Lovers are clearly located in Lawrence’s life. His childhood coal-mining town of Eastwood was changed, with a sardonic twist, to Bestwood. Walter Morel was modelled on Lawrence’s hard-drinking, irresponsible collier father, Arthur. Lydia became Gertrude Morel, the intellectually stifled, unhappy mother who lives through her sons. The death by erysipelas of one of Lawrence’s elder brothers, Ernest depicted as William. Jessie Chambers, a neighbour with whom Lawrence developed an intense friendship, and who would become Miriam Leiver in the novel. Lawrence’s future wife, Frieda von Richtofen, partially inspired the portrait of Clara Dawes. Both Ernest and his fictional counterpart, William, were engaged to London stenographers.
  • 19. Compared to his later works, however, such as The Rainbow, Women in Love, and Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Sons and Lovers seems quite modest. Considered Lawrence’s first masterpiece, most critics of the day praised Sons and Lovers for its authentic treatment of industrial life and sexuality. There is evidence that Lawrence was aware of Sigmund Freud’s early theories on sexuality, and Sons and Lovers deeply explores and revises of one of Freud’s major theories, the Oedipus complex. (Lawrence would go on to write more works on psychoanalysis in the 1920s.) Still, the book received some criticism from those who felt the author had gone too far in his description of Paul’s confused sexuality.
  • 20. Oedipus complex: The idea of the Oedipus complex is derived from the legend of King Oedipus of Thebes in ancient Greece. Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. He begot two sons and two daughters from her. Freud, a German psychologist, used the term Oedipus complex to signify the manifestation of the sexual desire of the child for the parent of the opposite sex. Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian neurologist the father of psychoanalysis (a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst), was a physiologist, medical doctor, psychologist and influential thinker of the early twentieth century. Working initially in close collaboration with Joseph Breuer, Freud elaborated the theory that the mind is a complex energy- system, the structural investigation of which is the proper province of psychology. Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology. His work has been influential in psychiatry , in anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, and religious studies. He came to the attention of the Viennese founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud. The two men conducted a lengthy correspondence and collaborated on an initially joint vision of human psychology. He created some of the best known psychological concepts, including synchronicity, archetypal phenomena, the collective unconscious, the psychological complex, and extraversion and introversion. Webster’s Dictionary explains the Oedipus complex as “the unconscious tendency of a child to be attached to the parent of the opposite sex and hostile towards the other parent: its persistence in adult life results in neurotic disorders.”