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Lifespan Chapter 7 Online Stud

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M
Mossler

Physical growth peaks during middle childhood when girls are taller than boys on average. Proper nutrition is important for cognitive and physical development, as more nutritious diets provide more energy and self-confidence. Physical activity also increases attention and cognitive development. Obesity is the most common chronic disease in children. Around 13% of children receive special education services for issues like learning disabilities or speech and language impairments. Piaget's theory of concrete operations describes the logical and systematic thinking development occurring in middle childhood.

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1 Chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
2 Physical Development  Physical growth  The only stage when girls are taller than boys  Nutrition can affect growth
3 Proper nutrition is linked to positive personality traits
4 More nutritious diets = more energy & self confidence.
5 Physical Activity > increased overall attention AND greater cog dev’t Meanwhile, hours of physical activity have been decreasing and obesity rates have been rising.
6 Safety in Cyberspace • How do you monitor children’s internet access?
7 Health, Illness, Disease, Accidents, and Injuries  Disease, injury, death less prevalent than other periods in childhood and adolescenceMost common? What else?
8
9 Obesity in Children
10 Balanced Diet? Recent studies have found that children’s diets are almost opposite the diet recommended by the USDA. How obsessed should we be?
Most common chronic disease in children?
12 Children With Special Needs 13.2% of age 3-21 in U.S. receive special ed services; 61% LD or speech and lang 1.3% movement
13 Historical Educational Issues  1975 -- Public Law 94-142 (the Education for all Handicapped Children Act): — all students with disabilities must be given a free, appropriate public education. Now: IDEA - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990;  Revised again in 2004 — Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act  IEP  Least restrictive environment (LRE) • Inclusion
14 Children with Special Needs –Auditory Impairment  Loss in infancy is more severe than after age 3. [Why?]  Abstract thinking may be affected.  Noise Induced Hearing Loss
15 Children with Special Needs –Speech  50% of what most 2-year-olds say should be understood by an unfamiliar listener;  75% of what most 3-year-olds say;  100% of what most 4-year-olds say. Stuttering  NOT an emotional Dx  Not related to low IQ  Not caused by anxiety  Often a family history
16 Children with Special Needs –Learning Disabilities  What is it?  LD diagnosis  Dyslexia
17 Approaches to Teaching Reading  Whole-language approach parallels natural language learning  Phonics approach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds
Children with Special Needs –LD and ADHD–  ADHD: A learning disability?  ~5 to 12 percent of school-age children?  Ritalin, Dexedrine (Adderall), Pemoline (Cylert)  ADHD and learning disabilities should be evaluated by a specialist  A real problem, but probably overdiagnosed in some classrooms/schools/neiborhoods
19 Mental Retardation  Mental retardation is typically measured by IQ tests.  Four levels of retardation  Mild  Moderate  Severe  Profound
Distribution of IQ Scores
21 Distribution of IQ Scores [and next]
22 Intellectually Gifted 3 to 5 % of school-age children are Gifted and talented Two options: • Acceleration • Enrichment
23 Intellectual Development: Piaget  Concrete Operations. • active, appropriate use of logic.  Conservation problems easily solved—logic used over appearance.  Decentering  Reversability  Classification  Mental seriation using logic (transitivity)
–Decentering– Piaget’s Matchstick Problem Make 6 equilateral triangles out of six matchsticks.
25 Vygotsky in the Classroom Focus on [?]:
26 Language Development During Middle Childhood  Metalinguistic Awareness  Over 10% of US student population are ELLs.  Of that number, ~80% are Spanish speaking.  Being bilingual may have cognitive advantages:  greater cognitive flexibility  greater metalinguistic awareness  improvement on IQ tests is equivocal
27 Multicultural Education ―In recent years a considerable amount of thought has gone into establishing multicultural education, a form of education in which the goal is to help minority students develop competence in the culture of the majority group while maintaining positive group identities that build on their original culture.‖
28 Intelligence  Alfred Binet 1) Intelligence – that which his test measured 2) IQ tests should be reasonable indicators of school success. 3) X = 100 ?
29 Alternative Conceptions of Intelligence  Fluid Intelligence  Crystallized Intelligence
30 Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
31 Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences (Frames of Mind) Each are relatively independent

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Lifespan Chapter 7 Online Stud