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Ecotourism in Thailand

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Nurlan Verdizade

This document provides information about ecotourism opportunities in Asia, focusing on India, Malaysia, and Thailand. It describes several national parks and protected areas in each country that showcase natural beauty and biodiversity, including Kerala and Jim Corbett National Park in India, Taman Negara and Mulu National Park in Malaysia, and Khao Sok National Park and Ang Thong National Marine Park in Thailand. These locations offer hiking, wildlife viewing, and activities while protecting fragile ecosystems.

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AZERBAIJAN TOURISM AND MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY LECTURER: ASGARLI GULLU STUDENT: VERDIZADA NURLAN TOPIC: ECOTOURISM IN ASIA (THAILAND)
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ASIA REGION Asia is the largest continent in the world and has the highest mountain range on earth – the Himalayas, the largest river delta – the Indus River in Pakistan, and the largest freshwater lake – Lake Baikal in Russia.
INDIA (Kerala, Tiger Sanctuaries, Jim Corbett National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Ellora and Ajanta)  Currently, there are about 80 national parks and 441 sanctuaries in India all working for the protection and conservation of wildlife resources.  Kerala is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of south west India, and easily reached from Cochin to the north. National Geographic magazine called it “One of the 10 Paradises of the World.” It is well known for its ecotourism initiatives and has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Kerala is known not only for its tropical backwaters, but also its pristine beaches such as Kovalam. Kerala is blessed with gorgeous natural beauty. Bird watching tours, a wildlife tour, or a remarkable Backwaters cruise will all allow you to explore Kerala without harming the natural ecosystem in any way.
Tiger Sanctuaries  There are 48 tiger reserves in India, all of which are governed by Project Tiger, which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority. Tigers are a precious commodity today, and their numbers continue to diminish as a result of habitat loss, poaching, and other human-related factors. India remains the most prolific home of these animals and boasts the highest population numbers.
Corbett National Park  Named after the legendary hunter turned conservationist, Jim Corbett, the Corbett National Park is often considered as India’s first national park located in the state of Uttar Pradesh at the base of the Himalayas. The park is home to over 585 species of birds and 7 species of amphibians. Some of the animals found here include Bengal tigers, crocodiles, leopards and elephants. There are eco-resorts close to the park, allowing you to wake up to the sounds of nature every morning.
Bandhavgarh National Park  The Bandhavgarh National Park is a tiger reserve in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The nearest town and railway junction to Bandhavgarh is Umaria, which is 22 miles away. The nearest airport is in Khajuraho, 130 miles away. The park takes pride in having the largest tiger population in India, plus the largest population of leopards, and a few rare species of deer. From a conservation point of view, the park has consistently shown significant increases in its tiger population. Apart from Bengal tigers, there are 22 species of other animals such as jackals, foxes, Rhesus monkeys, and hyenas. Animal viewing is undertaken by jeep tours and elephant safaris. There is a wide range of all grades of hotels in the vicinity of the park.
ELLORAAND AJANTA  The Ajanta and Ellora Caves, located close to the city of Aurangabad, are more than 2000 years old and are UNESCO World Heritage sites. The caves have been carved out of mountain rock, back in time when there were no sophisticated tools to work with. There are some amazing paintings and sculptures to see pertaining to Buddhism and Jainism. The paintings and sculptures of Ajanta are considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious art. Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture. Ellora’s 34 caves are actually structures excavated out of the vertical face of the local hills.
MALAYSIA (TAMAN NEGARA, CAMERON AND GENTING HIGHLANDS, MULU NATIONAL PARK, BAKO NATIONAL PARK, DANUM VALLEY, PULAU REDANG)  Malaysia, made up of Peninsular Malaysia and East Borneo (or Malaysian Borneo), is an amazing country with an abundance of biodiversity. 75% of its land area remains forested, with 60% virgin rainforest unchanged for millions of years. Natural attractions include diverse flora and fauna, white sandy beaches, exotic marine life, dense rainforests, and the oldest and largest caves in the world. There are a huge number of activities to choose from such as hiking, jungle trekking, white water rafting, rock climbing, bird watching, river cruising, and much more.
TAMAN NEGARA  Taman Negara means “national park”, and is the world’s oldest rainforest (over 130 million years old). Activities here include river rapid shooting and rafting, staying overnight at a wildlife observation hideout, and taking a canopy walk. This huge park covers 3 individual states in Peninsular Malaysia.  Stroll on the world’s longest canopy walkway, enjoying magnificent panoramic views. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks supervises the park’s safety aspect and manages the daily operation. The canopy walkway can be reached by boat or by walking. You might consider a night jungle walk when you can observe and discover the nocturnal creatures in Taman Negara. Among those always being spotted are reindeer, tapir, and wild boar.
CAMERON AND GENTING HIGHLANDS  Cameron Highlands and the Genting Highlands were both originally hill stations created to get away from the summer heat. They offer low humidity and jungle trail hikes. Cameron Highlands offers visits to butterfly and insect farms, flower markets, a strawberry farm, and a tea plantation. Genting Highlands is a little more commercial, offering simulated free-fall skydiving, a rock-climbing wall, and the Genting Skyway – Southeast Asia’s fastest and longest cable car. Here you can also visit a strawberry farm, a bee and insect farm, and a mushroom farm.
MULU NATIONAL PARK  The world’s largest single cave passage was discovered in the Mulu National Park in Borneo. The park is a combination of forests, caves, wildlife, and breathtaking karst stone formations. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site for its unique scenery and expansive array of native plant and animal species. Some 3500 species of plants and 109 species of palm trees flourish here. The area provides protection for wildlife, as it includes a substantial area of Borneo’s primary tropical forest.
BAKO NATIONAL PARK AND DANUM VALLEY  The Bako National Park in Borneo contains an incredible variety of plant species and vegetation. It is possible to see almost every type of vegetation found in Borneo here. It is also home to approximately 275 rare proboscis monkeys, found only in Borneo.  The Danum Valley Conservation Area in Borneo is blessed with a diversity of tropical flora and fauna. It is home to the rare Sumatran rhinoceros, orangutans, ,and the beautiful clouded leopard. Some 270 species of birds have been recorded in the area.
PULAU REDANG  The Pulau Redang Marine Park in Borneo is a tropical paradise, offering beautiful coral reefs, crystal clear waters, and secluded coves located 28 miles north east of Kuala Terengganu. It has become popular due its pristine nature and rich marine environment, and is a protected site by the Malaysian government. You can go diving and snorkeling as the sea bed around the island holds a magnificent variety of marine life. You can also kayak around the island, but jet- skis and water-skiing is banned to protect the tranquility and quality of the environment. There are three species of turtles that come to Pulau Redang to nest – the Green Turtle, Olive Ridley, and Hawksbill. There are several trails to explore in the rainforest on the island, leading you to scenic hilltops and rocky cliffs that offer panoramic views of the island and sea.
THAILAND  In order to protect the large number of absolutely stunning destinations in Thailand which are popular with visitors, several non-government organizations (NGOs), such as the World Wildlife Fund, have established an active presence in the country. Thai authorities are also taking steps to preserve the nature and wildlife of the country’s many different ecological zones – from jungles in the south to mountain forests in the north.  Ecotourism in Thailand can include adventure and travel activities such as bicycle tours, elephant safaris, cruises, trekking, walking, and wildlife tours. All of these activities are readily and abundantly available. There are more than 110 national parks in which visitors can view local wildlife. Interestingly, and a positive action, the more popular parks explain the important elements of sustaining the environment and its inhabitants.
KHAO SOK AND KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK  The Khao Sok National Park, located in Southern Thailand, is one of the oldest evergreen rainforests in the world. It is home to a whole host of wildlife such as elephants, tigers, black bears, leopards, several species of monkeys, and over 300 species of birds. There are also spectacular waterfalls to view. The park can be explored by elephant-back safari, hiking trails, or even a raft, canoe, or kayak on the Sok River.  Kho Yai National Park, also in Southern Thailand, was one of the first parks to receive protection. It boasts 31 miles of hiking trails suitable for easy walks and also multi-day treks. Again, it is a rainforest and home to a large number of animals including bears, tigers, leopards, and 200 elephants.
ANG THONG NATIONAL MARINE PARK KO PHA-NGAN  Ang Thong is on an archipelago of 42 islands with limestone rocks rising out of the sea. It is only 18 miles from Koh Samui. This is an excellent place to view dolphins and sea otters. It offers beautiful, pristine beaches and coral reefs. Activities here can include snorkeling, diving, and hiking. It is also possible to stay in a collection of bungalows.  Ko Pha-Ngan is fringed with scenic bays, inlets, coves, and beaches. There is hiking, as well as snorkeling and diving available. Besides the usual beaches and water sports activities, it offers beautiful landscapes including waterfalls and panoramic lookout points. Almost 90% of Ko Pha-Ngan is comprised of unspoiled tropical forest, with 40% protected national park land harboring an abundance of wildlife.
NAM NAO NATIONAL PARK DOI INTHANON NATIONAL PARK  Nam Nao is one of Thailand’s most valuable nature preserves located in Northern Thailand, and has a wide variety of virgin jungle including bamboo forests, rainforest, and pine forests. It is home to a large elephant population as well as tigers and hundreds of bird species. Possible walks range from short, one-hour hikes to more challenging longer treks.  Doi Inthanon is home to Thailand‘s highest peak. Surrounding this mountain is a 1000 square kilometre national park dotted with hiking trails and waterfalls, all enveloped in a curtain of jungle. The main attraction of the park is the summit of Doi Inthanon, with its spectacular views which include several waterfalls.
Ecotourism in Thailand

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Ecotourism in Thailand

  • 1. AZERBAIJAN TOURISM AND MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY LECTURER: ASGARLI GULLU STUDENT: VERDIZADA NURLAN TOPIC: ECOTOURISM IN ASIA (THAILAND)
  • 2. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ASIA REGION Asia is the largest continent in the world and has the highest mountain range on earth – the Himalayas, the largest river delta – the Indus River in Pakistan, and the largest freshwater lake – Lake Baikal in Russia.
  • 3. INDIA (Kerala, Tiger Sanctuaries, Jim Corbett National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Ellora and Ajanta)  Currently, there are about 80 national parks and 441 sanctuaries in India all working for the protection and conservation of wildlife resources.  Kerala is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of south west India, and easily reached from Cochin to the north. National Geographic magazine called it “One of the 10 Paradises of the World.” It is well known for its ecotourism initiatives and has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in India. Kerala is known not only for its tropical backwaters, but also its pristine beaches such as Kovalam. Kerala is blessed with gorgeous natural beauty. Bird watching tours, a wildlife tour, or a remarkable Backwaters cruise will all allow you to explore Kerala without harming the natural ecosystem in any way.
  • 4. Tiger Sanctuaries  There are 48 tiger reserves in India, all of which are governed by Project Tiger, which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority. Tigers are a precious commodity today, and their numbers continue to diminish as a result of habitat loss, poaching, and other human-related factors. India remains the most prolific home of these animals and boasts the highest population numbers.
  • 5. Corbett National Park  Named after the legendary hunter turned conservationist, Jim Corbett, the Corbett National Park is often considered as India’s first national park located in the state of Uttar Pradesh at the base of the Himalayas. The park is home to over 585 species of birds and 7 species of amphibians. Some of the animals found here include Bengal tigers, crocodiles, leopards and elephants. There are eco-resorts close to the park, allowing you to wake up to the sounds of nature every morning.
  • 6. Bandhavgarh National Park  The Bandhavgarh National Park is a tiger reserve in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The nearest town and railway junction to Bandhavgarh is Umaria, which is 22 miles away. The nearest airport is in Khajuraho, 130 miles away. The park takes pride in having the largest tiger population in India, plus the largest population of leopards, and a few rare species of deer. From a conservation point of view, the park has consistently shown significant increases in its tiger population. Apart from Bengal tigers, there are 22 species of other animals such as jackals, foxes, Rhesus monkeys, and hyenas. Animal viewing is undertaken by jeep tours and elephant safaris. There is a wide range of all grades of hotels in the vicinity of the park.
  • 7. ELLORAAND AJANTA  The Ajanta and Ellora Caves, located close to the city of Aurangabad, are more than 2000 years old and are UNESCO World Heritage sites. The caves have been carved out of mountain rock, back in time when there were no sophisticated tools to work with. There are some amazing paintings and sculptures to see pertaining to Buddhism and Jainism. The paintings and sculptures of Ajanta are considered masterpieces of Buddhist religious art. Ellora represents the epitome of Indian rock-cut architecture. Ellora’s 34 caves are actually structures excavated out of the vertical face of the local hills.
  • 8. MALAYSIA (TAMAN NEGARA, CAMERON AND GENTING HIGHLANDS, MULU NATIONAL PARK, BAKO NATIONAL PARK, DANUM VALLEY, PULAU REDANG)  Malaysia, made up of Peninsular Malaysia and East Borneo (or Malaysian Borneo), is an amazing country with an abundance of biodiversity. 75% of its land area remains forested, with 60% virgin rainforest unchanged for millions of years. Natural attractions include diverse flora and fauna, white sandy beaches, exotic marine life, dense rainforests, and the oldest and largest caves in the world. There are a huge number of activities to choose from such as hiking, jungle trekking, white water rafting, rock climbing, bird watching, river cruising, and much more.
  • 9. TAMAN NEGARA  Taman Negara means “national park”, and is the world’s oldest rainforest (over 130 million years old). Activities here include river rapid shooting and rafting, staying overnight at a wildlife observation hideout, and taking a canopy walk. This huge park covers 3 individual states in Peninsular Malaysia.  Stroll on the world’s longest canopy walkway, enjoying magnificent panoramic views. The Department of Wildlife and National Parks supervises the park’s safety aspect and manages the daily operation. The canopy walkway can be reached by boat or by walking. You might consider a night jungle walk when you can observe and discover the nocturnal creatures in Taman Negara. Among those always being spotted are reindeer, tapir, and wild boar.
  • 10. CAMERON AND GENTING HIGHLANDS  Cameron Highlands and the Genting Highlands were both originally hill stations created to get away from the summer heat. They offer low humidity and jungle trail hikes. Cameron Highlands offers visits to butterfly and insect farms, flower markets, a strawberry farm, and a tea plantation. Genting Highlands is a little more commercial, offering simulated free-fall skydiving, a rock-climbing wall, and the Genting Skyway – Southeast Asia’s fastest and longest cable car. Here you can also visit a strawberry farm, a bee and insect farm, and a mushroom farm.
  • 11. MULU NATIONAL PARK  The world’s largest single cave passage was discovered in the Mulu National Park in Borneo. The park is a combination of forests, caves, wildlife, and breathtaking karst stone formations. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage site for its unique scenery and expansive array of native plant and animal species. Some 3500 species of plants and 109 species of palm trees flourish here. The area provides protection for wildlife, as it includes a substantial area of Borneo’s primary tropical forest.
  • 12. BAKO NATIONAL PARK AND DANUM VALLEY  The Bako National Park in Borneo contains an incredible variety of plant species and vegetation. It is possible to see almost every type of vegetation found in Borneo here. It is also home to approximately 275 rare proboscis monkeys, found only in Borneo.  The Danum Valley Conservation Area in Borneo is blessed with a diversity of tropical flora and fauna. It is home to the rare Sumatran rhinoceros, orangutans, ,and the beautiful clouded leopard. Some 270 species of birds have been recorded in the area.
  • 13. PULAU REDANG  The Pulau Redang Marine Park in Borneo is a tropical paradise, offering beautiful coral reefs, crystal clear waters, and secluded coves located 28 miles north east of Kuala Terengganu. It has become popular due its pristine nature and rich marine environment, and is a protected site by the Malaysian government. You can go diving and snorkeling as the sea bed around the island holds a magnificent variety of marine life. You can also kayak around the island, but jet- skis and water-skiing is banned to protect the tranquility and quality of the environment. There are three species of turtles that come to Pulau Redang to nest – the Green Turtle, Olive Ridley, and Hawksbill. There are several trails to explore in the rainforest on the island, leading you to scenic hilltops and rocky cliffs that offer panoramic views of the island and sea.
  • 14. THAILAND  In order to protect the large number of absolutely stunning destinations in Thailand which are popular with visitors, several non-government organizations (NGOs), such as the World Wildlife Fund, have established an active presence in the country. Thai authorities are also taking steps to preserve the nature and wildlife of the country’s many different ecological zones – from jungles in the south to mountain forests in the north.  Ecotourism in Thailand can include adventure and travel activities such as bicycle tours, elephant safaris, cruises, trekking, walking, and wildlife tours. All of these activities are readily and abundantly available. There are more than 110 national parks in which visitors can view local wildlife. Interestingly, and a positive action, the more popular parks explain the important elements of sustaining the environment and its inhabitants.
  • 15. KHAO SOK AND KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK  The Khao Sok National Park, located in Southern Thailand, is one of the oldest evergreen rainforests in the world. It is home to a whole host of wildlife such as elephants, tigers, black bears, leopards, several species of monkeys, and over 300 species of birds. There are also spectacular waterfalls to view. The park can be explored by elephant-back safari, hiking trails, or even a raft, canoe, or kayak on the Sok River.  Kho Yai National Park, also in Southern Thailand, was one of the first parks to receive protection. It boasts 31 miles of hiking trails suitable for easy walks and also multi-day treks. Again, it is a rainforest and home to a large number of animals including bears, tigers, leopards, and 200 elephants.
  • 16. ANG THONG NATIONAL MARINE PARK KO PHA-NGAN  Ang Thong is on an archipelago of 42 islands with limestone rocks rising out of the sea. It is only 18 miles from Koh Samui. This is an excellent place to view dolphins and sea otters. It offers beautiful, pristine beaches and coral reefs. Activities here can include snorkeling, diving, and hiking. It is also possible to stay in a collection of bungalows.  Ko Pha-Ngan is fringed with scenic bays, inlets, coves, and beaches. There is hiking, as well as snorkeling and diving available. Besides the usual beaches and water sports activities, it offers beautiful landscapes including waterfalls and panoramic lookout points. Almost 90% of Ko Pha-Ngan is comprised of unspoiled tropical forest, with 40% protected national park land harboring an abundance of wildlife.
  • 17. NAM NAO NATIONAL PARK DOI INTHANON NATIONAL PARK  Nam Nao is one of Thailand’s most valuable nature preserves located in Northern Thailand, and has a wide variety of virgin jungle including bamboo forests, rainforest, and pine forests. It is home to a large elephant population as well as tigers and hundreds of bird species. Possible walks range from short, one-hour hikes to more challenging longer treks.  Doi Inthanon is home to Thailand‘s highest peak. Surrounding this mountain is a 1000 square kilometre national park dotted with hiking trails and waterfalls, all enveloped in a curtain of jungle. The main attraction of the park is the summit of Doi Inthanon, with its spectacular views which include several waterfalls.