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Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

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Oregon Sea Grant
Oregon Sea Grant

This document outlines a research project aimed at better understanding tsunami characteristics and improving tsunami inundation models. The objectives are to gain a deeper understanding of tsunami behavior through laboratory experiments, advance mathematical theories of tsunamis, and help improve numerical tsunami inundation models used for hazard mitigation. The research activities include exploring tsunami properties in wave tanks, studying tsunami reflection and amplification effects, and collaborating with mathematicians and modelers to validate and apply findings. Outreach efforts include disseminating videos and materials on tsunamis for education.

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Coastal  Effects  of  Tsunamis   PI:  Harry  Yeh   Proj.  No.  R/CNH-­‐20  
ObjecDves   To  gain  a  beGer  understanding  of  tsunami   characterisDcs  and  behavior.     •  It  will  lead  to  the  improvement  of  tsunami   inundaDon  models.     •  The  improved  inundaDon  models  will  then   yield  more  accurate  evacuaDon  maps.   •  The  evacuaDon  maps  are  essenDal  for  beGer   preparaDon  and  planning,  thereby  reducing   damage  and  loss  of  lives  from  tsunami   disasters.    
Current  Tsunami  InundaDon  Maps   80%  Prob   95%  Prob  
Local  Tsunami  Runup  (Inaho  Coast,  the  1993  Okushiri)  
Local  Tsunami  Runup  (Laboratory  Model  of  Monai)   PredicDon  &  Measurement  
Three  Primary  Research  AcDviDes     1. Explore  the  basic  understanding  of  long-­‐wave   (tsunami)  characterisDcs  and  behaviors  in  the   laboratory-­‐scale  environment.     2. Promote  advances  in  mathemaDcal  theories   relevant  to  tsunami  phenomena.     3. Help  improve  tsunami-­‐inundaDon  numerical   models  used  in  real-­‐world  applicaDons.  
My  Ongoing  Research   R/CNH-­‐17:  Localized  Extreme  Tsunami  Runup   Wenwen  Li  –  Graduate  student   Mach  ReflecDon  
Field  ObservaDons  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon   The  1946  AlueDan  Tsunami  in  Hilo,  HI.     An  edge  wave  propagaDng  a  canal    
Field  ObservaDons  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  
Wave  Tank  in  Graf  Hall,  OSU   Wave  paddles   3.6  m   7.3  m   0.3  m   7.3  m   Wave  paddles  driven  by  16  linear  motors  
Our  Laboratory  RealizaDon  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  
Laser  Induced  Fluorescent  Technique  
Repeatability   Maximum  error  is  less  than  0.06  mm  
Wave  Profiles  in  the  DirecDon  Normal  to  the  Wall   Temporal  profiles   h0  =  6.0  cm;     ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182 (1.09 cm); x = 71.1 (427 cm)  
Wave  Profiles  in  the  DirecDon  Normal  to  the  Wall   Meniscus  effect     Temporal  profiles   h0  =  6.0  cm;     ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182 (1.09 cm); x = 71.1 (427 cm)  
Temporal  VariaDon  of  Measured  Water-­‐Surface   (t  –  y  plane;  the  wall  at  y  =  0)   α w = 2.26 Capillary-­‐Gravity  Waves   α r = 0.61 h0 = 6.0 cm; ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182; x = 71.1
Stem  Wave  AmplificaDon   4.5 4.0 3.5 theory   3.0 2.5 αw 2.0 1.5 Series1 1.0 Series2 Loc7_30deg 0.5 Loc7_20deg Loc6_40deg 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 k  
Breaking  Stem  Wave   at x = 60.96 at x = 71.7 h0  =  6.0  cm;  ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.37    
Research  Tasks   1.  ReflecDve  characterisDcs  of  tsunamis  from  the   land,  and  the  effects  of  local  variaDons  in   bathymetry  on  tsunami  amplificaDon   2.  Effects  of  local  currents  (e.g.  Columbia  River)  on   tsunami  transformaDon.     3.  RealizaDon  of  the  predicDons  from  mathemaDcal   theories.   4.  Organize  a  2-­‐day  workshop  at  Oregon  State   University  for  model  validaDon  specifically  aimed   at  the  inundaDon  models  used  in  NTHMP   (NaDonal  Tsunami  Hazard  MiDgaDon  Program).  
Collaborators  and/or  Contributors   •  NTHMP  tsunami  inundaDon  model:  Dr.  Yinglong   (Joseph)  Zhang  of  the  Center  for  Coastal  and  Land-­‐ Margin  Research:  link  to  NTHMP.   •  Boussinesq  model:  Dr.  Patrick  LyneG  of  Texas  A&M   University:    link  to  “COULWAVE”  a  high-­‐end   numerical  code  used  in  pracDce.   •  MathemaDcal  analysis:  Dr.  Yuji  Kodama  of  Ohio   State  University.   •  ParDcipants  of  the  proposed  workshop  in  Year  2.      
Ongoing  Research  with  Kodama   Kodama’s  TheoreDcal  PredicDon  
Ongoing  Research  with  Kodama   Our  Laboratory  RealizaDon   Kodama’s  TheoreDcal  PredicDon  
Strong  InteracDon  of  Two  Solitons   This  can  be  used  for  outreach  and  educaDon  
Strong  InteracDon  of  Two  Solitons   4 3 2 1 7 6 5
Outreach  &  EducaDon   •  The  video  and  other  visuals  will  be  disseminated   through  a  variety  of  means:  classroom  use,   sharing  the  materials  via  Internet  (website),   exhibit  at  the  Harield  Marine  Science  Center,  and   via  Sea  Grant  Extension.     •  Work  with  the  staff  at  Oregon  Sea  Grant  Office  for   its  producDon  and  disseminaDon.  
Outreach  &  EducaDon   •  The  video  and  other  visuals  will  be  disseminated   through  a  variety  of  means:  classroom  use,   sharing  the  materials  via  Internet  (website),   exhibit  at  the  Harield  Marine  Science  Center,  and   via  Sea  Grant  Extension.     •  Work  with  the  staff  at  Oregon  Sea  Grant  Office  for   its  producDon  and  disseminaDon.   hGp://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~liw/Website_Yeh/  

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Coastal Effects of Tsunamis

  • 1. Coastal  Effects  of  Tsunamis   PI:  Harry  Yeh   Proj.  No.  R/CNH-­‐20  
  • 2. ObjecDves   To  gain  a  beGer  understanding  of  tsunami   characterisDcs  and  behavior.     •  It  will  lead  to  the  improvement  of  tsunami   inundaDon  models.     •  The  improved  inundaDon  models  will  then   yield  more  accurate  evacuaDon  maps.   •  The  evacuaDon  maps  are  essenDal  for  beGer   preparaDon  and  planning,  thereby  reducing   damage  and  loss  of  lives  from  tsunami   disasters.    
  • 3. Current  Tsunami  InundaDon  Maps   80%  Prob   95%  Prob  
  • 4. Local  Tsunami  Runup  (Inaho  Coast,  the  1993  Okushiri)  
  • 5. Local  Tsunami  Runup  (Laboratory  Model  of  Monai)   PredicDon  &  Measurement  
  • 6. Three  Primary  Research  AcDviDes     1. Explore  the  basic  understanding  of  long-­‐wave   (tsunami)  characterisDcs  and  behaviors  in  the   laboratory-­‐scale  environment.     2. Promote  advances  in  mathemaDcal  theories   relevant  to  tsunami  phenomena.     3. Help  improve  tsunami-­‐inundaDon  numerical   models  used  in  real-­‐world  applicaDons.  
  • 7. My  Ongoing  Research   R/CNH-­‐17:  Localized  Extreme  Tsunami  Runup   Wenwen  Li  –  Graduate  student   Mach  ReflecDon  
  • 8. Field  ObservaDons  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon   The  1946  AlueDan  Tsunami  in  Hilo,  HI.     An  edge  wave  propagaDng  a  canal    
  • 9. Field  ObservaDons  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  
  • 10. Wave  Tank  in  Graf  Hall,  OSU   Wave  paddles   3.6  m   7.3  m   0.3  m   7.3  m   Wave  paddles  driven  by  16  linear  motors  
  • 11. Our  Laboratory  RealizaDon  of  the  Mach  ReflecDon  
  • 13. Repeatability   Maximum  error  is  less  than  0.06  mm  
  • 14. Wave  Profiles  in  the  DirecDon  Normal  to  the  Wall   Temporal  profiles   h0  =  6.0  cm;     ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182 (1.09 cm); x = 71.1 (427 cm)  
  • 15. Wave  Profiles  in  the  DirecDon  Normal  to  the  Wall   Meniscus  effect     Temporal  profiles   h0  =  6.0  cm;     ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182 (1.09 cm); x = 71.1 (427 cm)  
  • 16. Temporal  VariaDon  of  Measured  Water-­‐Surface   (t  –  y  plane;  the  wall  at  y  =  0)   α w = 2.26 Capillary-­‐Gravity  Waves   α r = 0.61 h0 = 6.0 cm; ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.182; x = 71.1
  • 17. Stem  Wave  AmplificaDon   4.5 4.0 3.5 theory   3.0 2.5 αw 2.0 1.5 Series1 1.0 Series2 Loc7_30deg 0.5 Loc7_20deg Loc6_40deg 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 k  
  • 18. Breaking  Stem  Wave   at x = 60.96 at x = 71.7 h0  =  6.0  cm;  ψ i = 30˚; ai = 0.37    
  • 19. Research  Tasks   1.  ReflecDve  characterisDcs  of  tsunamis  from  the   land,  and  the  effects  of  local  variaDons  in   bathymetry  on  tsunami  amplificaDon   2.  Effects  of  local  currents  (e.g.  Columbia  River)  on   tsunami  transformaDon.     3.  RealizaDon  of  the  predicDons  from  mathemaDcal   theories.   4.  Organize  a  2-­‐day  workshop  at  Oregon  State   University  for  model  validaDon  specifically  aimed   at  the  inundaDon  models  used  in  NTHMP   (NaDonal  Tsunami  Hazard  MiDgaDon  Program).  
  • 20. Collaborators  and/or  Contributors   •  NTHMP  tsunami  inundaDon  model:  Dr.  Yinglong   (Joseph)  Zhang  of  the  Center  for  Coastal  and  Land-­‐ Margin  Research:  link  to  NTHMP.   •  Boussinesq  model:  Dr.  Patrick  LyneG  of  Texas  A&M   University:    link  to  “COULWAVE”  a  high-­‐end   numerical  code  used  in  pracDce.   •  MathemaDcal  analysis:  Dr.  Yuji  Kodama  of  Ohio   State  University.   •  ParDcipants  of  the  proposed  workshop  in  Year  2.      
  • 21. Ongoing  Research  with  Kodama   Kodama’s  TheoreDcal  PredicDon  
  • 22. Ongoing  Research  with  Kodama   Our  Laboratory  RealizaDon   Kodama’s  TheoreDcal  PredicDon  
  • 23. Strong  InteracDon  of  Two  Solitons   This  can  be  used  for  outreach  and  educaDon  
  • 24. Strong  InteracDon  of  Two  Solitons   4 3 2 1 7 6 5
  • 25. Outreach  &  EducaDon   •  The  video  and  other  visuals  will  be  disseminated   through  a  variety  of  means:  classroom  use,   sharing  the  materials  via  Internet  (website),   exhibit  at  the  Harield  Marine  Science  Center,  and   via  Sea  Grant  Extension.     •  Work  with  the  staff  at  Oregon  Sea  Grant  Office  for   its  producDon  and  disseminaDon.  
  • 26. Outreach  &  EducaDon   •  The  video  and  other  visuals  will  be  disseminated   through  a  variety  of  means:  classroom  use,   sharing  the  materials  via  Internet  (website),   exhibit  at  the  Harield  Marine  Science  Center,  and   via  Sea  Grant  Extension.     •  Work  with  the  staff  at  Oregon  Sea  Grant  Office  for   its  producDon  and  disseminaDon.   hGp://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~liw/Website_Yeh/