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Docker Containers Deep Dive
- 1. Docker Containers Deep Dive Best of Red Hat Summit Will Kinard October 4, 2016
- 2. Agenda 2 • Intro • Containerization 101 • Use Cases • Build, Ship, Run • OpenShift • Q&A
- 3. 3 • DevOps Advisory and Implementation Services • Docker Consulting and Integration • CloudBees Jenkins Consulting About The Container Enablement Company • Continuous Integration, Delivery, and Deployment • Application Modernization • Cloud Migration
- 4. Container Tech Isn’t New 4 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007 1979 2008 2013 Chroot Filesystem isolation FreeBSD Jails Early container technology Linux Namespaces Process isolation Solaris Zones Similar to jails; snapshots, cloning Google Process Containers Process aggregation for resource management Linux Control Groups Process containers renamed and merged into kernel 2.6.24 LXC Linux Containers Userland tooling DotCloud Docker Inc. Introduction of Docker Open Source Project
- 5. Docker Open Source Project GitHub (github.com/docker/docker) • 2900+ Contributors • 10,000+ Active Forks • 34,000+ Stars Docker Hub (hub.docker.com) • 6B+ Image Downloads • 500,000+ Dockerized Applications • Exponential growth 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2013 2014 2015 2016 Docker Pulls - Billions
- 6. What is a Docker Container ? • Method to run applications in isolation • Isolation includes namespacing pid, network, users, restricting root, cpu and memory limits, and providing separate filesystem • Many of the technologies are old, but haven't been packaged in an easy to use toolset before Docker 6 “Docker containers wrap up a piece of software in a complete filesystem that contains everything it needs to run: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries – anything you can install on a server.” (https://www.docker.com/what-docker)
- 7. Containerized Deployment and Scaling Each virtual machine includes: - application - binaries and libraries - entire guest operating system Containers: - Include application and all dependencies - Share kernel with other containers - Run as an isolated process not tied to any specific infrastructure Virtual Machines Containers 7
- 8. 8 We’re not trying to replace your VMs Virtual Machine: Host Virtualization Containers are used in partnership with current IaaS stacks. Docker and other container platforms still need a host. Container: Application Virtualization Take advantage of the streamlined process for VM based IaaS and gain efficiencies in: • Higher density workloads • Scale • Portability • Security
- 12. 12 • Containers are designed to be disposable • New containers go back to a clean image state • Running containers write to an isolated space Immutable • Data is stored outside of the container • Separates data from your application
- 13. 13 Application Development (Build & Ship) Problem: Code migration issues: Dev Test Prod. Painful and slow software delivery. Solution: Developer Self-Service. Automate and consolidate with Docker. Docker packages applications and their dependencies into containers to allow for easy transport from a developers laptop to any target test or prod environment. This accelerates the software lifecycle, increases reliability, and reduces job time. - Begin with a “Trusted Known State” - Control and Approve Content - Track Promotion CryptographicallyDeveloper Version control Sysadmin QA / QE
- 14. 14 Application Modernization / Cloud Migration Problem: Legacy applications: brittle, and difficult to change/bug fix/upgrade Hard to scale, obsolete APIs, costly and difficult to support and maintain. Solution: Microservices architecture. Technology diversity. Modular boundaries. Mulit-tier applications can be deployed in parts and each tier is an independent container. Each of the containers can be used for a single service. Legacy applications can be migrated to the cloud through either a “lift & shift” or “refactoring” methodology, or potentially a combination.
- 15. Build Docker Images • Images are the definition. They include the filesystem, environment variables, and default entry points. • Containers are an instance of an image. They isolate the application from the host, and even from other containers. 15
- 16. Build Dockerfiles • Write your image definition in a Dockerfile 16 • Turn that Dockerfile into an image with • Develop a new app or “lift and shift” your current codebase
- 17. • Union file system • Multiple RO layers are stacked • Containers add a single RW layer to isolate changes • Layers are cached for fast builds • Layers are named with a hash inside the engine 17 Docker Images
- 18. Docker for Mac / Windows • Docker tools for the developer • OS native clients using internally available virtualization: xhyve and Hyper-V • Full Docker CLI from native OS shell 18 Red Hat Container Dev Kit • Pre-built container development environment • Choice of virtualization platforms: Virtualbox, Hyper-V, Linux KVM • Eclipse and docker CLI integration
- 19. Ship Docker Registry (and Hub) • Push and pull to central registry 19 • Organized as repositories that contain multiple tags • Multiple options: run your own, Docker Hub, OpenShift, 3rd parties
- 20. Run 20 • Run your image • Launches a container base on your image • Options for: Volumes: link external data into the container for persistence Networking: bridged, overlay, access with exposed ports
- 21. Run Distributed 21 • Fault tolerant • Blue/Green Deployment • Seamless rollbacks
- 22. Distributed Docker Compose • Packages multiple containers together • Defines parameters for ‘docker run’ • Configuration is stored in ‘docker- compose.yml’ • Allows containers to be scaled, but without orchestration 22
- 23. Docker on Red Hat RHEL Consistent performance and reliability Certification and Support SELinux Security Atomic Host • Minimal footprint operating system • Linux container optimized • Reliability and security of RHEL 23
- 24. Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform V3 OpenShift and Kubernetes add the ability to orchestrate docker containers across multi-host installations. 24 • Self-service Platform • Multi-language Support • Application Persistence • Automation • OpenvSwitch Integration Load Docker Images to OpenShift! # oc new-project rhsummit # oc new-app gitlab/gitlab-ce
- 25. Thank You! 25 Will Kinard CTO BoxBoat Technologies will@boxboat.com @boxboat www.boxboat.com/blog
- 26. Appendix 26
- 28. 28 • Isolated space for a running application • All containers run on the same kernel unlike a VM • Eliminates the overhead of an OS and services Come Again?
- 29. Docker Containers – Run… Anywhere? Linux: Kernel Version 3.10+ • Ubuntu 13.10+ • Fedora 20+ • RHEL 7+ • CentOS 7.1+ • Gentoo • ArchLinux • openSUSE 13.1+ • CRUX 3.0+ Windows (Really!): • Docker for Windows • Windows Server 2016 (TP5) 29 Docker for ARM!
- 30. Production Operations / Data Center Problem: Inefficiency of VMs .. O/S duplication… Lengthy boot and replication times. Hardware, Storage, and Hypervisor costs $$. Solution: Docker’s containers as a service (CaaS) and orchestration platform. Policy driven architecture. Deployment flexibility (On-Premise, Cloud, Hybrid). Docker containers share resources with the host OS, which makes them significantly more efficient than VMs. Containers can be started and stopped in a fraction of a second. They are lightweight, fast, and maximize consolidation. Swisscom reduced their VM footprint from 400 to 20 for a database as a service offering, driving tremendous cost savings.
- 31. Control Manage and secure at scale Portability Frictionless Movement & Trust Agility Innovation at speed + +Build Ship Run 31
- 32. 32 Isolated • Isolated filesystem • Namespace for isolating pids • cgroups for limiting memory and CPU • Separate network stack • Restricted root capabilities
- 33. Docker Notary • Open source project on github (github.com/docker/notary) • Trusted cross platform content distribution • Platform agnostic in delivering content • Publisher key validates integrity of content 33
- 34. Portable • Run Docker containers unchanged in any environment, on any infrastructure • Move applications at will between environments and infrastructures 34
- 35. At Scale Docker containers spin up and down in seconds, making it easy to scale application services to satisfy peak customer demand, and then reduce running containers when demand ebbs. 35