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Gothic Art

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The document summarizes Gothic art from the 12th-15th centuries, focusing on developments in France. It describes how Gothic architecture used pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses to allow buildings to gain height and fill with light. Key cathedrals discussed include Notre Dame de Paris, Chartres, Reims, and Amiens, showing the evolution of Gothic styles from early to high Gothic. Contemporary art such as stained glass windows, sculpture, and illuminated manuscripts are also mentioned.

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Gothic Art
THEME: Gothic The quest for height and light!
Gothic Art
Gothic Age: TURMOIL and CHANGE • 1337 – Hundred Year’s War began • 14th c. - Black Death (kills ¼ population) • 1378-1417 – Great Schism (political/religious crisis) • Shift in society: monasteries and pilgrims  rapidly expanding secular cities • Independent nations begin to take shape (starting w/ France)
French Gothic
• EARLY GOTHIC • Carolingian basilica “unfit” for royalty converted into marvelous Gothic church • Rib vaults on pointed arches • Lux nova Ambulatory and radiating chapels Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Saint Denis, France 1140-1144
Ambulatory and radiating chapels Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Saint Denis, France 1140-1144
Plan of the choir Vaults of the ambulatory and radiating chapels of the choir Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Saint Denis, France 1140-1144
Round vs. pointed arches
Gothic Art
West facade of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France begun 1134, rebuilt beginning 1194
Royal Portal, west facade Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1145-1155
Gothic Art
Old Testament queen and two kings jamb statues, doorway of Royal Portal Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1145-1155
Gothic Art
Gothic Art
West façade of Laon Cathedral Laon, France begun ca. 1190
TRIFORIUM Plan and nave of Laon Cathedral Laon, France begun ca. 1190
- Sexpartite rib vaults - Pointed arches - TRIFORIUM in 4-part nave elevation nave of Laon Cathedral Laon, France begun ca. 1190
Clerestory Triforium Gallery Arcade Laon Paris Chartres Amiens Gothic nave elevations
Gothic Art
South façade of Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France begun 1163, nave & flying buttresses ca. 1180-1200, remodeled after 1225
FLYYYYYING BUTTRESSES Important support function Holds up nave walls at stress points Gives Gothic architecture it’s distinctive “look”
Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France begun 1163, nave & flying buttresses ca. 1180-1200, remodeled after 1225
Gothic Art
Gothic Art
Gothic Art
1194 - Chartres PART II Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France begun 1134 rebuilt beginning 1194
Plan of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France as rebuilt after 1194
Nave of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France as rebuilt after 1194
Virgin and Child and Angels (Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière) choir of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1170 stained glass 16 ft. x 7 ft. 8 in.
Triforium wall of the nave Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1200-1260
Rose Window and lancets north transept of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1220 stained glass rose approximately 43 ft. in diameter
Saints Martin, Jerome, and Gregory jamb statues, Porch of the Confessors South transept of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1220-1230 2nd “Classical Revolution”
Saint Theodore jamb statue, Porch of the Martyrs South transept of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1230
Gothic Art
HIGH GOTHIC FACADE King’s Gallery Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont West facade of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont East facade of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont Choir vaults of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
- Nave vault = 144 ft. - 3-part elevation - Amiens is the Gothic counterpart to the Byzantine Hagia Sophia Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont nave of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
Christ (Beau Dieu) trumeau statue of central doorway west facade of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France ca. 1220-1235
Gothic Art
West façade of Reims Cathedral Reims, France begun ca. 1225-1290
Nave of Reims Cathedral Reims, France begun ca. 1225-1290
Visitation jamb statues of central doorway west facade of Reims Cathedral Reims, France ca. 1230
Gothic Art
Sainte-Chapelle Paris, France 1243-1248
Rayonnant (radiating) Style interior of the upper chapel Sainte-Chapelle Paris, France 1243-1248
Gothic Art
Saint Denis Notre Dame, Chartres Notre Dame, Reims Notre Dame, Paris Saint Chapelle Laon Notre Dame, Amiens EARLY GOTHIC HIGH GOTHIC LATE GOTHIC
Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris) Notre-Dame Paris, France early 14th century
The elegant S-curve
Gothic Art
West façade of Saint-Maclou Rouen, France ca. 1500-1540
Carcassone France ca. 12th-13th c.
Gothic Art
Hall of the Cloth Guild Bruges, Netherlands begun. 1230
House of Jacques Coeur Bourges, France Ca. 1443-1451
Gothic Art
Villard de Honnecourt Figures based on geometric shapes folio 18 verso of a sketchbook from Paris, France ca. 1220-1235 ink on vellum 9 1/4 x 6 in.
God as architect of the world folio 1 verso of a moralized Bible from Paris, France ca. 1220-1230 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 13 1/2 x 8 1/4 in.
Blanche of Castille, Louis IX and two monks dedication page (folio 8 recto) of a moralized Bible from Paris, France 1226-1234 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 15 x 10 1/2 in.
Abraham and the Three Angels folio 7 verso of the Psalter of Saint Louis from Paris, France 1253-1270 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 5 x 3 1/2 in.
Master Honoré David anointed by Samuel and battle of David and Goliath folio 7 verso of the Breviary of Phillipe le Bel from Paris, France 1296 ink and tempera on vellum 7 7/8 x 4 7/8 in.
Jean Pucelle David before Saul folio 24 verso of the Belleville Breviary from Paris, France 1325 ink and tempera on vellum 9 1/2 x 6 3/4 in.
Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreaux from the abbey church of Saint-Denis Saint-Denis, France 1339 silver gilt and enamel 27 1/2 in. high
The Castle of Love and knights jousting lid of a jewelry casket from Paris, France ca. 1330-1350 ivory and iron 4 1/2 x 9 3/4 in.
Gothic Art
Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England 1220-1258; west façade completed 1265; spire ca. 1320-1330
Plan and Nave of Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England 1220-1258
Nave of Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England 1220-1258
Gothic Art
Choir of Gloucester Cathedral Gloucester, England 1332-1357
Tomb of Edward II Gloucester Cathedral Gloucester, England ca. 1330-1335 Ogee arches
Gothic Art
Chapel of Henry VII Westminster Abbey London, England 1503-1519
Gothic Art
Gerhard of Cologne Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany begun 1248
Gerhard of Cologne Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany begun 1248
nave of Saint Elizabeth Marburg, Germany 1235-1283
Death of the Virgin tympanum of left doorway, south transept Strasbourg Cathedral Strasbourg, France ca. 1230
Eckehard and Uta statues in the west choir Naumburg Cathedral Naumburg, Germany ca. 1249-1255 painted limestone 6 ft. 2 in. high
Bamberg Rider statue in the east choir Bamberg Cathedral Bamberg, Germany ca. 1235-1240 sandstone 7 ft. 9 in. high
Pietá = pity in Italian Virgin with the Dead Christ Röttgen Pietà from the Rhineland, Germany ca. 1300-1325 painted wood 2 ft. 10 1/2 in. high
Gothic Art
Nicholas of Verdun Klosterneuburg Altar from the abbey church at Klosterneuburg, Austria 1181 gilded copper and enamel 3 ft. 6 3/4 in. high overall
Gothic Art
Nicholas of Verdun Shrine of the Three Kings from Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany ca. 1190 silver, bronze, enamel and gemstones 5 ft. 8 in. x 6 ft. x 3 ft. 8 in.

More Related Content

Gothic Art

  • 2. THEME: Gothic The quest for height and light!
  • 4. Gothic Age: TURMOIL and CHANGE • 1337 – Hundred Year’s War began • 14th c. - Black Death (kills ¼ population) • 1378-1417 – Great Schism (political/religious crisis) • Shift in society: monasteries and pilgrims  rapidly expanding secular cities • Independent nations begin to take shape (starting w/ France)
  • 6. • EARLY GOTHIC • Carolingian basilica “unfit” for royalty converted into marvelous Gothic church • Rib vaults on pointed arches • Lux nova Ambulatory and radiating chapels Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Saint Denis, France 1140-1144
  • 7. Ambulatory and radiating chapels Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Saint Denis, France 1140-1144
  • 8. Plan of the choir Vaults of the ambulatory and radiating chapels of the choir Abbey Church of Saint-Denis Saint Denis, France 1140-1144
  • 11. West facade of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France begun 1134, rebuilt beginning 1194
  • 12. Royal Portal, west facade Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1145-1155
  • 14. Old Testament queen and two kings jamb statues, doorway of Royal Portal Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1145-1155
  • 17. West façade of Laon Cathedral Laon, France begun ca. 1190
  • 18. TRIFORIUM Plan and nave of Laon Cathedral Laon, France begun ca. 1190
  • 19. - Sexpartite rib vaults - Pointed arches - TRIFORIUM in 4-part nave elevation nave of Laon Cathedral Laon, France begun ca. 1190
  • 20. Clerestory Triforium Gallery Arcade Laon Paris Chartres Amiens Gothic nave elevations
  • 22. South façade of Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France begun 1163, nave & flying buttresses ca. 1180-1200, remodeled after 1225
  • 23. FLYYYYYING BUTTRESSES Important support function Holds up nave walls at stress points Gives Gothic architecture it’s distinctive “look”
  • 24. Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France begun 1163, nave & flying buttresses ca. 1180-1200, remodeled after 1225
  • 28. 1194 - Chartres PART II Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France begun 1134 rebuilt beginning 1194
  • 29. Plan of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France as rebuilt after 1194
  • 30. Nave of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France as rebuilt after 1194
  • 31. Virgin and Child and Angels (Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière) choir of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1170 stained glass 16 ft. x 7 ft. 8 in.
  • 32. Triforium wall of the nave Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1200-1260
  • 33. Rose Window and lancets north transept of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1220 stained glass rose approximately 43 ft. in diameter
  • 34. Saints Martin, Jerome, and Gregory jamb statues, Porch of the Confessors South transept of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1220-1230 2nd “Classical Revolution”
  • 35. Saint Theodore jamb statue, Porch of the Martyrs South transept of Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France ca. 1230
  • 37. HIGH GOTHIC FACADE King’s Gallery Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont West facade of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
  • 38. Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont East facade of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
  • 39. Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont Choir vaults of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
  • 40. - Nave vault = 144 ft. - 3-part elevation - Amiens is the Gothic counterpart to the Byzantine Hagia Sophia Robert de Luzarches, Thomas de Cormont, and Renaud de Cormont nave of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France begun 1220
  • 41. Christ (Beau Dieu) trumeau statue of central doorway west facade of Amiens Cathedral Amiens, France ca. 1220-1235
  • 43. West façade of Reims Cathedral Reims, France begun ca. 1225-1290
  • 44. Nave of Reims Cathedral Reims, France begun ca. 1225-1290
  • 45. Visitation jamb statues of central doorway west facade of Reims Cathedral Reims, France ca. 1230
  • 48. Rayonnant (radiating) Style interior of the upper chapel Sainte-Chapelle Paris, France 1243-1248
  • 50. Saint Denis Notre Dame, Chartres Notre Dame, Reims Notre Dame, Paris Saint Chapelle Laon Notre Dame, Amiens EARLY GOTHIC HIGH GOTHIC LATE GOTHIC
  • 51. Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris) Notre-Dame Paris, France early 14th century
  • 54. West façade of Saint-Maclou Rouen, France ca. 1500-1540
  • 57. Hall of the Cloth Guild Bruges, Netherlands begun. 1230
  • 58. House of Jacques Coeur Bourges, France Ca. 1443-1451
  • 60. Villard de Honnecourt Figures based on geometric shapes folio 18 verso of a sketchbook from Paris, France ca. 1220-1235 ink on vellum 9 1/4 x 6 in.
  • 61. God as architect of the world folio 1 verso of a moralized Bible from Paris, France ca. 1220-1230 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 13 1/2 x 8 1/4 in.
  • 62. Blanche of Castille, Louis IX and two monks dedication page (folio 8 recto) of a moralized Bible from Paris, France 1226-1234 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 15 x 10 1/2 in.
  • 63. Abraham and the Three Angels folio 7 verso of the Psalter of Saint Louis from Paris, France 1253-1270 ink, tempera and gold leaf on vellum 5 x 3 1/2 in.
  • 64. Master Honoré David anointed by Samuel and battle of David and Goliath folio 7 verso of the Breviary of Phillipe le Bel from Paris, France 1296 ink and tempera on vellum 7 7/8 x 4 7/8 in.
  • 65. Jean Pucelle David before Saul folio 24 verso of the Belleville Breviary from Paris, France 1325 ink and tempera on vellum 9 1/2 x 6 3/4 in.
  • 66. Virgin of Jeanne d’Evreaux from the abbey church of Saint-Denis Saint-Denis, France 1339 silver gilt and enamel 27 1/2 in. high
  • 67. The Castle of Love and knights jousting lid of a jewelry casket from Paris, France ca. 1330-1350 ivory and iron 4 1/2 x 9 3/4 in.
  • 69. Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England 1220-1258; west façade completed 1265; spire ca. 1320-1330
  • 70. Plan and Nave of Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England 1220-1258
  • 73. Choir of Gloucester Cathedral Gloucester, England 1332-1357
  • 74. Tomb of Edward II Gloucester Cathedral Gloucester, England ca. 1330-1335 Ogee arches
  • 76. Chapel of Henry VII Westminster Abbey London, England 1503-1519
  • 78. Gerhard of Cologne Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany begun 1248
  • 79. Gerhard of Cologne Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany begun 1248
  • 80. nave of Saint Elizabeth Marburg, Germany 1235-1283
  • 81. Death of the Virgin tympanum of left doorway, south transept Strasbourg Cathedral Strasbourg, France ca. 1230
  • 82. Eckehard and Uta statues in the west choir Naumburg Cathedral Naumburg, Germany ca. 1249-1255 painted limestone 6 ft. 2 in. high
  • 83. Bamberg Rider statue in the east choir Bamberg Cathedral Bamberg, Germany ca. 1235-1240 sandstone 7 ft. 9 in. high
  • 84. Pietá = pity in Italian Virgin with the Dead Christ Röttgen Pietà from the Rhineland, Germany ca. 1300-1325 painted wood 2 ft. 10 1/2 in. high
  • 86. Nicholas of Verdun Klosterneuburg Altar from the abbey church at Klosterneuburg, Austria 1181 gilded copper and enamel 3 ft. 6 3/4 in. high overall
  • 88. Nicholas of Verdun Shrine of the Three Kings from Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany ca. 1190 silver, bronze, enamel and gemstones 5 ft. 8 in. x 6 ft. x 3 ft. 8 in.

Editor's Notes

  1. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  2. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  3. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  4. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  5. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  6. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  7. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  8. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  9. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  10. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  11. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  12. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  13. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  14. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  15. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  16. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  17. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  18. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  19. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  20. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  21. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  22. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  23. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  24. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  25. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  26. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  27. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  28. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  29. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  30. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  31. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  32. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  33. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  34. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  35. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  36. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  37. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  38. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  39. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  40. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  41. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  42. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  43. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  44. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  45. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  46. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  47. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  48. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  49. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  50. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  51. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  52. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  53. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  54. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  55. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  56. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  57. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  58. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  59. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  60. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  61. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  62. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  63. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  64. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  65. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  66. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  67. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  68. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  69. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  70. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  71. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  72. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  73. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
  74. Slide concept by William V. Ganis, PhD FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.