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Introduction to psychiatry

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The document provides an overview of psychiatry and mental health topics. It defines mental health according to the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well-being. More than two-fifths of total disabilities worldwide are due to mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression, and substance abuse disorders. It discusses classification systems for psychiatric disorders, biological, psychological and social factors in mental illnesses, and specific conditions such as mood disorders, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and more.

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Prof. Dr. Haroon Rashid Chaudhry DPP (UK), FACHARZT (PSYCH. & NEUROLOGY) FACP (USA) MRCPsych (London) FRCP (Ireland) Head of the Department of Psychiatry Fatima Jinnah Medical College Zonal Representative World Psychiatric Association (WPA) (Western & Central Asia) Honorary Executive Director Fountain House, Lahore INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHIATRY
WHAT IS HEALTH? World Health Organization's Definition “ A state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? DIVERSE OPINIONS EXIST The most acceptable concept now –a – days A person who is: Able to to cope/function normally Meets the responsibilities Expresses balanced attitude towards day to day challenges/ problems
MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD MORE THAN TWO FIFTHS OF THE TOTAL DISABILITIES ARE DUE TO MENTAL ILLNESSES (WORLD HEALTH REPORT, 2001)
MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD EXISTING DATA SUGGESTS: Schizophrenia (above the age of 18): 45million Depression: 340million Both disorders cause 60% Suicide across the globe. (Desjarlais R et al 1995 WORLD HEALTH REPORT, 2001)
MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD Mental Retardation 4.6% (total psychiatric diagnoses) Alcohol Dependence 140 million (Nations for Mental Health, WHO, 2001)
MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD Alzheimer’s disease: 11 million Epilepsy: 45 million (Murray L and Lopez A 1996)
DISEASES IN 2020 Ischaemic Heart Disease Depression Road Traffic Accident Cerebrovascular Diseases Chest Diseases (Murray L. And Lopez A., 1996)
MYTHS Violent Aggressive Irrational Untreatable Unreliable Dependent Chronic
PREJUDICE Every Patient Deserves a Clinician And a Healer who is not Prejudiced
 
AETIOLOGY Genetics Biological Factors Psychological Factors Social Factors
Bio Psycho Social Model Psychosocial Factors Genetics Biological Factors
GENETICS Twins Studies Family Studies Adoptions Studies Mode of Inheritance Molecular Genetics
BIOCHEMICAL Postmortem Studies Brain Biochemistry & Imaging Peripheral Measures
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS Parental Deprivation Relationship with Parents Life Events Effect of Physical illness High Express Emotion
ANGER QUARRELS SPELLS OF CRYING EMOTIONAL REACTIONS EVERY DAY OCCURANCE IN SOCIETY
SOCIAL FACTORS Place of Residence Occupation and Social Class Culture Migration Social isolation
National Seminar on Post Earthquake Mental Health Activities
CLASSIFICATIONS International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV)
ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDERS Delirium Dementia Amnestic Disorders Personality and Behavioural disorders due to brain disease damage and dysfunction
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Psychotic Disorders Non Psychotic Disorders Personality Disorders
PSYCHIOTIC DISORDERS Schizophrenia Drug Induced Psychosis Schizoaffective Postnatal Psychosis
MOOD DISORDERS Bipolar Affective Disorder Major Depression Post Natal Depression
PERSONALITY DISORDERS CLUSTER A Paranoid Schizoid, Schizotypal CLUSTER B Antisocial, Border line, histrionic, narcissistic CLUSTER C Avoidant, Dependant, Obsessive Compulsive
ANXIETY DISORDERS Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobic Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Hypochondriacal Disorder
Substance Abuse Disorders Intoxication Abuse Dependence Withdrawal Psychotic Disorders Amnestics Disorders Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Sexual Dysfunctions Sleep Disorders
CLASSES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DRUGS Alcohol Caffeine Opioids Inhalents Nicotine Cannabis Sedatives / Hypnotics Multiple Drugs Use
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, WITH SOMATIC SYMPTOMS Stress & Adjustment Disorders Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Somatoform Disorders Dissociative / Conversion Disorders Hypochondriacal syndrome Psychogenic autononinc dysfunction Pain syndrome
SEXUAL DYSFUCNTIONS Anorgasmia Lubrication Failure FEMALE Premature Ejaculation Retarded Ejaculation Erectile impotence MALE RESPONSE AROUSAL
PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDERS Gender identity Gender Role Drive and Responsiveness Sexual Preferences Relationship behaviour
 
CHILDHOOD PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Problems of Preschool Children Specific Developmental Disorders Pervasive Developmental Disorders
CONTD….. Principal Psychiatric Disorders Hyperkinetic Disorders Conduct Disorders Juvenile Delinquency Anxiety Disorders Somatization Disorders Depressive Disorders School Refusal
Functional Enuresis Stammering Schizophrenia Gender Identity Disorders Child Abuse – Physical – Sexual – Emotional CONTD…..
SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Specific Reading Disorders Mathematical Learning Disorders Communication Disorders CONTD…..
Types Of Mental Retardation Mild (IQ 50 - 70) Moderate (IQ 35 – 49) Severe (IQ 20 - 34) Profound (IQ below 20)
PHYSICAL DISORDERS AMONG THE MENTAL RETARDED Sensory Disorders Motor Disorders Epilepsy Incontinence
Schizophrenia Mood Disorders Emotional Disorders Eating Disorders Personality Disorders Cognitive Psychiatric Disorders Behaviour Disorders PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AMONG THE MENTAL RETARDED
EFFECTS OF MENTAL RETARDATION ON THE FAMILY Initially Shock Depression Guilt Shame Anger Inability to cope with practical and financial problems
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Introduction to psychiatry

  • 1. Prof. Dr. Haroon Rashid Chaudhry DPP (UK), FACHARZT (PSYCH. & NEUROLOGY) FACP (USA) MRCPsych (London) FRCP (Ireland) Head of the Department of Psychiatry Fatima Jinnah Medical College Zonal Representative World Psychiatric Association (WPA) (Western & Central Asia) Honorary Executive Director Fountain House, Lahore INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHIATRY
  • 2. WHAT IS HEALTH? World Health Organization's Definition “ A state of complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
  • 3. WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? DIVERSE OPINIONS EXIST The most acceptable concept now –a – days A person who is: Able to to cope/function normally Meets the responsibilities Expresses balanced attitude towards day to day challenges/ problems
  • 4. MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD MORE THAN TWO FIFTHS OF THE TOTAL DISABILITIES ARE DUE TO MENTAL ILLNESSES (WORLD HEALTH REPORT, 2001)
  • 5. MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD EXISTING DATA SUGGESTS: Schizophrenia (above the age of 18): 45million Depression: 340million Both disorders cause 60% Suicide across the globe. (Desjarlais R et al 1995 WORLD HEALTH REPORT, 2001)
  • 6. MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD Mental Retardation 4.6% (total psychiatric diagnoses) Alcohol Dependence 140 million (Nations for Mental Health, WHO, 2001)
  • 7. MENTAL HEALTH IN THE WORLD Alzheimer’s disease: 11 million Epilepsy: 45 million (Murray L and Lopez A 1996)
  • 8. DISEASES IN 2020 Ischaemic Heart Disease Depression Road Traffic Accident Cerebrovascular Diseases Chest Diseases (Murray L. And Lopez A., 1996)
  • 9. MYTHS Violent Aggressive Irrational Untreatable Unreliable Dependent Chronic
  • 10. PREJUDICE Every Patient Deserves a Clinician And a Healer who is not Prejudiced
  • 11.  
  • 12. AETIOLOGY Genetics Biological Factors Psychological Factors Social Factors
  • 13. Bio Psycho Social Model Psychosocial Factors Genetics Biological Factors
  • 14. GENETICS Twins Studies Family Studies Adoptions Studies Mode of Inheritance Molecular Genetics
  • 15. BIOCHEMICAL Postmortem Studies Brain Biochemistry & Imaging Peripheral Measures
  • 16. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS Parental Deprivation Relationship with Parents Life Events Effect of Physical illness High Express Emotion
  • 17. ANGER QUARRELS SPELLS OF CRYING EMOTIONAL REACTIONS EVERY DAY OCCURANCE IN SOCIETY
  • 18. SOCIAL FACTORS Place of Residence Occupation and Social Class Culture Migration Social isolation
  • 19. National Seminar on Post Earthquake Mental Health Activities
  • 20. CLASSIFICATIONS International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV)
  • 21. ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDERS Delirium Dementia Amnestic Disorders Personality and Behavioural disorders due to brain disease damage and dysfunction
  • 22. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Psychotic Disorders Non Psychotic Disorders Personality Disorders
  • 23. PSYCHIOTIC DISORDERS Schizophrenia Drug Induced Psychosis Schizoaffective Postnatal Psychosis
  • 24. MOOD DISORDERS Bipolar Affective Disorder Major Depression Post Natal Depression
  • 25. PERSONALITY DISORDERS CLUSTER A Paranoid Schizoid, Schizotypal CLUSTER B Antisocial, Border line, histrionic, narcissistic CLUSTER C Avoidant, Dependant, Obsessive Compulsive
  • 26. ANXIETY DISORDERS Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobic Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Hypochondriacal Disorder
  • 27. Substance Abuse Disorders Intoxication Abuse Dependence Withdrawal Psychotic Disorders Amnestics Disorders Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Sexual Dysfunctions Sleep Disorders
  • 28. CLASSES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE DRUGS Alcohol Caffeine Opioids Inhalents Nicotine Cannabis Sedatives / Hypnotics Multiple Drugs Use
  • 29. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, WITH SOMATIC SYMPTOMS Stress & Adjustment Disorders Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Somatoform Disorders Dissociative / Conversion Disorders Hypochondriacal syndrome Psychogenic autononinc dysfunction Pain syndrome
  • 30. SEXUAL DYSFUCNTIONS Anorgasmia Lubrication Failure FEMALE Premature Ejaculation Retarded Ejaculation Erectile impotence MALE RESPONSE AROUSAL
  • 31. PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDERS Gender identity Gender Role Drive and Responsiveness Sexual Preferences Relationship behaviour
  • 32.  
  • 33. CHILDHOOD PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Problems of Preschool Children Specific Developmental Disorders Pervasive Developmental Disorders
  • 34. CONTD….. Principal Psychiatric Disorders Hyperkinetic Disorders Conduct Disorders Juvenile Delinquency Anxiety Disorders Somatization Disorders Depressive Disorders School Refusal
  • 35. Functional Enuresis Stammering Schizophrenia Gender Identity Disorders Child Abuse – Physical – Sexual – Emotional CONTD…..
  • 36. SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Specific Reading Disorders Mathematical Learning Disorders Communication Disorders CONTD…..
  • 37. Types Of Mental Retardation Mild (IQ 50 - 70) Moderate (IQ 35 – 49) Severe (IQ 20 - 34) Profound (IQ below 20)
  • 38. PHYSICAL DISORDERS AMONG THE MENTAL RETARDED Sensory Disorders Motor Disorders Epilepsy Incontinence
  • 39. Schizophrenia Mood Disorders Emotional Disorders Eating Disorders Personality Disorders Cognitive Psychiatric Disorders Behaviour Disorders PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AMONG THE MENTAL RETARDED
  • 40. EFFECTS OF MENTAL RETARDATION ON THE FAMILY Initially Shock Depression Guilt Shame Anger Inability to cope with practical and financial problems