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Soil water energy concept

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Water moves from areas of high water potential to low water potential through soils due to gravity and concentration gradients. Wet soil has high water potential due to large pore spaces, while dry soil has low water potential with small pore spaces. Water movement is driven by gravimetric, pressure, osmotic, and capillary potentials, with capillary movement occurring through small pores via adhesion and cohesion of water molecules.

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Group C4
 Due to gravitational forces  According to concentration gradient
 Water moves from high water potential to low water potential  Wet soil to dry soil  Wet soil ◦ High amount of pore space ◦ High water potential  Dry soil ◦ Low amount of pore space ◦ Low water potential
 Gravimetric potential ◦ Helps water to move by gravity  Pressure potential ◦ Submerged potential ◦ Matrix potential  Osmotic potential ◦ Moves water according to the dissolving of particles
Soil water energy concept
 Capillary force ◦ Adhesion and cohesion  Adsorptive forces  Osmotic forces
 Capillary force
◦ Due to adhesive and cohesive powers  Adhesion  Tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another
 Cohesion  Tendency of similar or identical particles to cling to one another
◦ Due to properties of water, it moves through the soil ◦ Small pores in the soil can be assumed as capillary tubes ◦ r α 1/h ◦ Large pore space – low water movement ◦ Small pore space – high water movement
 Water binds strongly to mineral surfaces due to polarity in molecules  This results in forming a thin water film
 Water moving between roots and soil  Through the cell membranes of root hairs, which are semi permiable  According to a water potential gradient
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Soil water energy concept

  • 2.  Due to gravitational forces  According to concentration gradient
  • 3.  Water moves from high water potential to low water potential  Wet soil to dry soil  Wet soil ◦ High amount of pore space ◦ High water potential  Dry soil ◦ Low amount of pore space ◦ Low water potential
  • 4.  Gravimetric potential ◦ Helps water to move by gravity  Pressure potential ◦ Submerged potential ◦ Matrix potential  Osmotic potential ◦ Moves water according to the dissolving of particles
  • 6.  Capillary force ◦ Adhesion and cohesion  Adsorptive forces  Osmotic forces
  • 8. ◦ Due to adhesive and cohesive powers  Adhesion  Tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another
  • 9.  Cohesion  Tendency of similar or identical particles to cling to one another
  • 10. ◦ Due to properties of water, it moves through the soil ◦ Small pores in the soil can be assumed as capillary tubes ◦ r α 1/h ◦ Large pore space – low water movement ◦ Small pore space – high water movement
  • 11.  Water binds strongly to mineral surfaces due to polarity in molecules  This results in forming a thin water film
  • 12.  Water moving between roots and soil  Through the cell membranes of root hairs, which are semi permiable  According to a water potential gradient