Davenport Blues Essay

Davenport Blues Essay
Gabrielle Bacarella Professor James History of Jazz Davenport Blues Meter: 4/4 Introduction (4 bars) 0:00 Band (2 bars) → Cornet Solo (1 bar) →
Clarinet Solo (1 bar) **Solo break at Bar 3** Verse (16 bars) 0:06 Band (8 bars) 0:18 Band (8 bars) Chorus 1 (32 bars) 0:31 A Cornet Solo (8 bars)
0:43 B Cornet Solo (8 bars) **Solo break at Bar 7** 0:55 A Cornet Solo (8 bars) 1:08 C Cornet Solo (8 bars) **Solo breaks at Bars 1 and 3 (stop
time)** Verse (16 bars) 1:21 Band (8 bars) 1:34 Band (8 bars) Chorus 2 (32 bars) 1:47 A Cornet Solo (2 bars) → Clarinet Solo (2 bars) → Cornet Solo
(2 bars) → Clarinet Solo (2 bars) 2:00 B Band (6 bars) → Trombone Solo (2 bars) **Solo ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rhythm section consists of the piano by Paul Mertz, drums by Tommy Gargano, and banjo by Howdy Quicksell. Throughout the piece, the cornet,
which is accompanied by the clarinet, plays the main tune as the trombone and piano keep the tempo like a bass. The piano plays the chords as the
trombone plays consistent quarter notes which helps the whole ensemble keep time. The "Davenport Blues" introduction begins sounding somewhat
homophonic. It sounded homophonic because the cornet and clarinet begin by playing the same melody but at different pitches. The melody in the intro
sounds a little broken up and unorganized. But then we begin to hear the verses becoming somewhat reminiscent of the New Orleans style, which is
known for its collective improvisation and polyphony. Polyphony is clearly heard in the three different melodies played simultaneously by the cornet,
clarinet, and trombone in the "Davenport Blues" verses. The instruments in the "Davenport Blues" generally have the same interactions that a New
Orleans ensemble would have. The cornet, for instance, plays the melody while the clarinet plays a countermelody drawn from the underlying chord
progression. The trombone fills out the ensemble with another countermelody, but plays fewer notes than the clarinet. Finally, the rhythm section
provides a steady pulse and lays down the harmonies for each measure. The instrumentation is also typical of a New
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Saxophone Research Paper
Jon Guerra
Mr. Myers
Honors Band
03 October 2016
Saxophone
The saxophone, pronounced "sax·o·phone" (ˈsaksəˌfōn/), was invented by Adolphe Sax in 1841 which was the year he had his first working model.
The History of the Inventor
The story and history of the invention of the saxophone is best understood by looking at the inventors (Adolphe Sax) lifelong achievements and goals
throughout his life
The life of Adolphe Sax. Adolphe Sax, born November 6, 1814, in Dinant Belgium. The son of Belgium's chief instrument maker, his love and passion
for music and instrument making came easy to him, the family craft easily learned, as all kin his skills and vision passed his fathers and thus born
invention.
(1) At age 15, he created a clarinet and two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saxophone in Jazz: While the saxophone was part of these ensembles in the early days, it was not what the saxophone is today. Today's saxophones
stand out, they're given solos, a time in the spotlight, while back in the day, the instrument was just part of the ensemble blending into it rather than
standing out. Once key players started to bring the saxophone to it's spotlight other players realized they could not keep up with the speed and the
unique sound being produced. Despite never really making it big in the Orchestra world the saxophone has been successful in Jazz.
Key Players in the Jazz World: The early saxophonists that brought the saxophone to it's rightful glory, such as Coleman Hawkins, an American jazz
tenor player. While there was tenor players before Hawkins, the instrument was not recognized as a jazz instrument until he came along. Hawkins is
strongly associated with swing music and had a big role in the development of Bebop in the 40's. John William Coltrane, or "Trane" was another
American jazz player and composer, his work in bebop and hard bop helped pioneer the use of modes in

The Jazz Age, By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay
ii. Introduction
"The Jazz Age," deemed as such by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is used to describe the period that started after the First World War in 1919 and lasted for ten
years. During this time, the stock market boom allowed for growth in consumer spending and the young adult population started to leave traditional
values behind in exchange for individualism. In an effort by religious groups to decrease immorality, criminality, and unpatriotic citizenship, the
Eighteenth Amendment went into effect in January of 1920, prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The new policy, though
opposite of what it was intended for, drove Americans into underground speakeasies, where popular jazz was played into the wee hours of the morning.
As speakeasies gained popularity, aspiring jazz musicians moved from the south to the northern cities that fostered their growth, most notably Chicago
and New York.
The southern hub of jazz at the time, New Orleans, bred many of those aspiring jazz musicians, predominantly African–Americans. The New Orleans
style was dominated by improvisation, ragging the melody, and a front line of horn players with a rhythm section of guitar, bass, and drums. Arguably
the originator of jazz, Charles "Buddy" Bolden was a popular bandleader and one of the Cornet "Kings" who played improvised waltzes, ragtime, and
popular songs for the New Orleanians to dance to. "King Bolden took the guttural moan of the blues, mixed it with the spirit of the

Listening Log
A. Sound of the music: What does the first selection sound like? (How can we describe it in terms of melody, harmony, rhythm, tone color, and form?
How is the sound similar to or different from music you are more familiar with?)(2 points)
Answer below:
The first selection, "Hotter Than That", is a very colorful, upbeat presentation of traditional jazz. The tempo is in 4/4 and is played at around 100 beats
per minute. Mr. Armstrong moves quickly and widely with the trumpet from high, vibrato tones to low, mellow contradictions. There is the bright
addition from a drum–set that keeps the beat up. The Clarinet begins playing at about 45 seconds into the song, which helps to add a mellow opposition
to the brassy, crisp sound of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This follows the standard of improvisation. This type of arrangement also adds a lot of excitement and swing, making the listening want to move right
along with the beat.
C. Compare and contrast: Now compare the first selection with the second. (In what ways are they alike, and how are they different? Refer to the
Listening Guides in the textbook.) (3 points)
Answer below:
The first and second selection both use similar instruments: a trumpet/coronet, a string (guitar) to play bass, a clarinet, and drums. However, the second
does not include the addition of vocals. Both arrangements do posses a noticeable swing aspect. The difference in the trumpet and coronet help with the
overall mood. The first arrangement uses trumpet and is very brassy and crisp. The coronet in the second selection is much softer in tone and bell–like.
Additionally, the rhythm is around 70 beats per minute in the second selection vs. the first arrangement being about 50% faster at around 100 beats per
minute. Bix Beiderbecke plays much more of a ballad all the instruments play throughout the song, which makes the improvisation harder

Jazz Improvisation Research Paper
Paulina Martinez
Jazz History
Essay 1
30 September 2017
Jazz Improvisation To improvise is to adjust the sound or tone of something right then and there, to make it up and change it as you go. In Jazz two
artist that played an important role in Jazz improvisation were Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbecke. Armstrong because he redefined the sound of the
trumpet, setting high standards for upcoming artists, and Beiderbecke because he founded a cool school sound of Jazz. Louis Armstrong started playing
professionally at the age of 16. He started playing a cornet at first then later switched to playing the trumpet because he preferred the brighter sound.
Armstrong began his career playing in a band and it was obvious something about him stood ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although Armstrong played the trumpet and Beiderbecke played the cornet, they were both able to improvise at very different scales. Louis
improvisation created a brighter, exciting sound, hitting high ranges with the trumpet and Beiderbecke created a sound so delicate and easy hearing that
it was even hard to capture on recordings. Both artist are very influential and because of their unique improvisation contributed to upcoming styles of
Jazz. Works Cited
Collins, Willie. "Armstrong, Louis". St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by
Thomas Riggs. 2nd ed., Vol.1, St. James Press, 2013. Web. 30 Sep. 2017. http://0go.galegroup.com.lasiii.losrios.edu/ps/retrieve.do?
tabID=T003&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=4&docId=GALE%7CCX
Joyner, David Lee. American Popular Music. 3rd ed., New York: McGraw Hill, 2009. Print
Salamone, Frank A. "Beiderbecke, Bix (1903–1931)". St James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., Vol. 1, St. James
Press, 2013. Web. 30 Sep.

Comparing Bix Beiderbecke And Louis Armstrong
From their time of birth, no two people could have seemed less likely to cross paths than Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong. Coming from radically
different backgrounds, both musicians drew upon their influences to make music that revolutionized jazz, creating two separate legacies interwoven
among each other in the peak of jazz popularity. Both Beiderbecke and Armstrong used their trumpets and their unique styles of playing, ranging from
hot jazz to cool jazz, to fuel political, cultural, and social movements, inspiring individuals inside and outside of the jazz profession.
Aside from the typical cultural, social, and political factors influencing any musician's style, an early life filled with poverty and hardship also shaped
Louis Armstrong's musical development. Some even theorize that it was Armstrong's difficult upbringing that made his music so wise, so unique, and
so revolutionary. Armstrong was an African American child growing up in the slums of New Orleans, close to abandonment, impoverished, and with
too few constant people, resources, or homes. However, had his upbringing been different, his musical talents may never have been established to grow
and thrive into one of the most internationally influential jazz musicians ever. When Louis Armstrong was placed in a boys' home as a young boy, he
was presented with the opportunity to play the cornet. He took up work in Joe (King) Oliver's house, doing chores in exchange for musical lessons,
developing into a

Trumpet In The 1930's
The trumpet has been a key instrument in Jazz for a very long time. It is actually one of more familiar sounds of jazz music. When people hear of jazz,
most of time they think of the trumpet. The sound of the trumpet is loud and very energetic, but can also produce beautiful melodies. In the early days
the trumpet was used in marching bands in New Orleans. It wasn't until the popularity of Dixieland–style jazz that the trumpet caught the attention of
the jazz community. Many legends have played the instruments like Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis, Bix Beiderbecke, and Dizzy Gillepespie. It was
more in the 1920's and 30's that the trumpet was really popular and a main instrument in jazz orchestras. The trumpet has seen better days in the ...
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Beiderbecke played soft and sweet playing rolling eight notes and a beautiful approach to a harmony. There were many artists influenced by both
Armstrong and Beiderbecke like Billy Butterfield. He played first trumpet with Artie Shaw's band and had beautiful octave slurs. There a trumpet
player named Charlie Shavers that played with a tight cup mute and he played with the John Kirby band. Buck Clayton was another trumpeter that was
very good and put emphasis on time and a quarter note. Then there was Snooky Young that played lead trumpet in a small band and big band, which
have completely different responsibilities. A lead trumpet player has to be very strong, consistent and play the same thing every night, which is very
hard. Snooky Young did all of those things and did it very well and had absolute control of the music he was playing. And there are many more
trumpeters, but all these players perfected the trumpet with different styles and

Essay on Benny Goodman, King of Swing
Benjamin David Goodman was born in Chicago on May 30, 1909, the ninth of twelve children born to David and Dora Goodman, who both emigrated
from Russia but met in America.
David Goodman eked out a minimal living for his family by working for a tailor in a sweatshop. To help alleviate the family's poverty, the children
were urged to work as soon as they were old enough.
For entertainment, David would take his youngest children to Douglas Park on Sundays to hear free band concerts. It was here that he first heard of the
Kehelah Jacob band. Lessons were given for one quarter at the Kehelah Jacob synagogue. David Goodman enrolled his three youngest sons with the
hopes that one day, their music would lift them out of poverty. It was here ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This led to his first professional gig in 1921 in a vaudeville show at Central Park Theater.
In 1923, at the age of 14, Benny Goodman left school to play with local bands, including Bill Grimm's riverboat orchestra with Bix Beiderbecke. There
is an interesting anecdote about Benny's first meeting with Bix. One day, Benny received an emergency call from Grimm, asking him to fill in for
Grimm's clarinetist, who was ill. Benny arrived early in the day at the dock where the boat on which he was to perform was moored. Benny stepped
onto the bandstand and immediately heard a shout to "get off there, kid! Stop that fooling around!" (Benny Goodman, 1979) Benny turned to see a
fellow about four or five years older, holding a trumpet and staring disdainfully at Benny. That fellow, Bix Beiderbecke, did not want to hear any
explanations from this young kid in knickers. However, Bill Grimm arrived before any trouble could start and introduced the boys. The young men hit
it off and much fun and great music stemmed from that first session together.
At that same time, Benny and his high school friends had earned the nickname,
"The Wild West Side Mob", not for their behavior, but because of their free, ragged, style of jazz. While this style made them great jam session
musicians, it made it difficult for them to find work. Hot jazz was not in demand. Nevertheless, Benny's ability to play cool, sweet jazz on demand
ensured that he found plenty of

Jazz Vs White Jazz
Jazz is a difficult style to define as it incorporates several different elements of several different styles, relies on a lot of improvisation and syncopated
rhythms and is subjective in many ways. Jazz music is one of the first types of music to be culturally appropriated by the American white middle class.
Jazz scholars often separate the music into "Jazz" and "White Jazz," marking a difference in style and meaning between original African American jazz
artists and popularized white jazz artists. Jazz music was popular on the newly booming radio networks and it was one of the ways that white musicians
appropriated and popularized the music as many national stations refused to play records by black artists at the time. Two predominant black

Jazz Patriarchy Research Paper
The Jazz Patriarchy At my school, I am one of two women in the jazz program. In high school, I went to Birch Creek: one of the finest summer jazz
academies in the country. In attendance, there were four girls and forty–eight boys. Even though I was outnumbered at the camp, I returned there three
consecutive years, once earning their most–improved student award. In total, I attended twelve summer music camps between seventh grade and my
enrollment at Northern Illinois University. Unfortunately, the boys always greatly outnumbered the girls. The jazz music scene in particular is male–
dominated, and women need to fight for their place on stage. As a woman in jazz, I have, among others, been viewed as an outsider, a lesser musician,
and an object. Women in jazz should feel welcome in this industry without facing discrimination. Women have been the "pretty faces" of the band since
they started playing music. Women were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women in the 40's wore fitted dresses with low–cut tops, and not much has changed since then. Band–fronting women still wear tight, low–cut, and
shorter outfits while men wear suits, button–down shirts, or even jeans with beanies in more relaxed venues. Like Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holliday,
women in jazz are still judged by their beauty as well as their musicianship. Female beauty standards in music can become discriminatory via
sponsorship. For example, saxophonist Geof Bradfield, my professor at Northern Illinois University, has sponsorships with D'Addario Woodwinds and
P.Mauriat, which are both music and saxophone related sponsorships. Saxophonist Candy Dulfer was at one time sponsored by Revlon, which does not
relate to her career. Mindi Abair, another saxophonist, was once sponsored by Maybelline, a makeup company. All of these people are respected
saxophonists; however, they seem to be supported for very different reasons. In this case, a woman's beauty seems to trump her hard work and

Jazz Film Analysis
Produced by Ken Burns and co–produced by PBS and BBC, Jazz features hundreds of rare and classic moments, recordings and live performances
taken from a whole century of jazz music, plus exclusive interviews, rare footage and previously unpublished photographs. With over 12 hours, the
acclaimed Jazz tells the story of jazz music, from its roots in the nineteenth century to the present day. A musical journey started in blues and ragtime,
passing through swing, bebop and fusion. In 12 episodes, the documentary relates music to the life of the American people and the United States history
over the past 120 years. Some of the characters you'll find in various mini–biographies: Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie
Parker, Miles

In The Middle Of The 19Th Century, Congo Square Became
In the middle of the 19th century, Congo Square became a center of musical expression. On these Sunday afternoons, a new form of music was born.
Pioneered by those on the bottom of a society full of slavery and segregation, the origin of jazz was less a singular event than an evolving movement.
None of those pioneers, however, could have anticipated the future of their developing art form. None could have foreseen that their informal rhythmic
gatherings would eventually lead to nationally recognized big bands with more than 20 musicians and celebrity band leaders. The trajectory of jazz
history is complex and rich, flowing from style to style and from region to region. Each step along the way from the early brass bands to the bebop
bands ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Largely a remnant of military bands from the civil war, these provincial brass bands maintained a public presence with parades, parties, celebrations,
and funerals. Fusing traditional marches with the developing ragtime styles and the cultural celebratory music of Congo Square, these bands started
infusing their music with blues notes, syncopated rhythms, and jazz–like phrasing to get their audiences dancing. The instrumentation of these brass
bands emphasized brass instruments, polyphonic musical style with a carrying tone, sectional playing within the band; many of these characteristics
translated into early jazz forms. Though the label suggests a band comprising solely brass musicians, early Louisiana bands also included clarinet and
saxophone. In the smaller bands used for indoor performances, a smaller "string band" was used, composed of cornet, violin, guitar, bass, and piano.
These existing ensembles influenced the early jazz bands in New Orleans. Buddy Bolden's band is widely considered the first true jazz band in New
Orleans; according to a rare photograph from 1905, featured a pair of clarinets, cornet, valve trombone, guitar, and bass. Though the earliest bands were
never recorded, jazz historians such as William Schafer have speculated about the influence of the brass band roots on the development of jazz style:
black New Orleans brass band "nurtured a characteristic outdoor–playing style" with lots of

Jules Bianchi Research Paper
Jules Bianchi was a race car driver from a family of race car drivers. His grandfather, Mauro Bianchi, was a GT racer in the 1960s and his great uncle
Lucien raced in Formula One and won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1968. Jules was looking to follow in his family tradition until events from nine
months ago would end his life at the age of 25. Gone too soon, Jules Bianchi died on July 17. Born in Nice, Bianchi went through the karting circuit
before racing with SG Formula in French Formula Renault. He quickly moved into Formula 3 in 2007 a couple years later became a Formula One
driver. He played a back seat for Ferrari as a backup driver, then was loaned to Force India's team as a reserve and test driver in 2012. The Marussia
race team brought Bianchi in to replace Luiz Razia in 2013 and the young racer was now a Formula One driver. He was confirmed by the team to be
one of their guys for the 2014 season, however, his season would come to a devastating halt. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Typhoon Phanfone was approaching. Many spinouts and accidents occurred during the race, but tragedy fell on lap 43. While a car that had gone off
course was being removed by a tractor from turn seven. Bianchi lost control and cashed into the tractor. He was unconscious and due to the Typhoon,
could not be airlifted. He was treated at trackside before being taken by ambulance to the course Medical Center. He was then driven 32 minutes to the

Louis Armstrong Research Paper
Adriana Trevino
MUFHL 315
October 2, 2014 Jazz Roots: The Creation of Jazz Louis Armstrong said "Jazz is only what ya are" (Deveaux, Giddins 106). During the nineteenth
century, African American people faced many obstacles and coped through activities such as singing, and musical skills. Especially in New Orleans, a
port city where people were either black (or colored creole a mixed African and Spanish or African and French descent) or white. Jazz is a mixture of
many diverse components, and genres like polyrhythmic African American folk music. Over the years jazz has been played by every color of people,
every gender and age but still remains an African American based genre. Jazz was created in New Orleans, Louisiana. The southern states ... Show
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He contributed so much to jazz just by being himself. In my eyes, art forms like music cannot be just made up, or just "written". I believe you have to
feel it in your heart, and just going with the heart is what Armstrong believed. He contributed so much to jazz history by his mode of "improvisation".
He contributed to jazz by "establishing the blues as jazz's melodic and spiritual foundation; introduced scat singing; created brilliant improvisations on
popular songs; introduced a new rhythmic energy called swing" (Deveaux, Giddins 117). "Armstrong established jazz as music that prizes individual
expression. His records revealed improvised music was just as good as written music" (Deveaux, Giddins 98). Louis Armstrong said, "You can't just
master an instrument, you have to make it an extension of yourself" (Deveaux, Giddins 99). Another largely influential jazz musician was Leon
Bismark "Bix" Beiderbecke. He was born in Davenport, Iowa in 1903. He was one of the first white jazz musicians and was respected and loved by the
amazing Louis Armstrong. Louis Armstrong was a fan of Beiderbecke, and said "Bix stood up and took a solo and I'm tellin' you, those pretty notes
went all through me." (Sandke 102). On many occasions Armstrong believed Beiderbecke was a "born genius." He warmly reminisced about jam
sessions they had together, stating, and "I've never heard such good music since" (Sandke 102). Beiderbecke also contributed largely to jazz
improvisation. He learned of jazz through recordings, instead of being taught by a mentor like many musicians. Records show that Beiderbecke was a
genius like Armstrong at a very early age. Both musicians were great musicians by their teen years. Meeder wrote "A newspaper in Beiderbecke's home
town reported that ate age seven he could reproduce, instantly, in any key, the melody and bass accompaniment to a piece after hearing the piece just
once" (128). Armstrong

Biography Of Louis Armstrong
Louis Armstrong was born on August 4th 1901 in New Orleans. He lived in a bad area called "The Battlefield." His family was very poor and he
dropped out of school in the 5th grade to start working. He sung as a street musician, sold coal, collected junk, and more. He worked for a Jewish
family, the Karnofskys, and they became friends. The Karonfskys often invited him over for meals and encouraged his singing. In 1912, on New Years
Eve, he fired his stepfather's gun at the sky and was immediately arrested. Armstrong was sent to Colored Waif's Home for Boys. There he received his
first official cornet lessons. He started to play with small bands in local clubs, at funerals, at parades, and more. He earned a reputation as an excellent
musician

Influence Of Bebop
The origins and Influence of Bebop There were remarkable changes from 1939 to 1945 due to World War ll. Historical event World War ll changed
everything they had been known. More than 100 million people were involved from over 30 different countries. Estimated results were 50 million to 85
million fatalities at least 11 million people were killed. Not only the people but also other things were missing with people died. However, people
survived and became stronger. People who survived from the tragic World War ll created new trend music named Bebop. World War ll had very
negative effects on big bands in jazz as they had begun to become less popular with more and more musicians sent over to fight in Europe. So, it began
the rise of a new form ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most distinctive feature of bebop is that played by very small group. The main instruments of bebop are trumpet and saxophone with rhythm
section such as piano, bass and drums. And there was informal Jam sessions that many musicians are playing together without any practices or
rehearsals so they could challenge and learn each other. Bebop is still the most played song at jam sessions. Most of all, African American invented
bebop primarily. Later, Cool Jazz came up as a new generation of Jazz after bebop from 1949 to 1955. The Cool Jazz means like more comfortable and
soft than bebop when bebop has a meaning of "hot" which means very loud and exciting. Numbers of people in group raised up to nonets (nine–piece
band). When bebop musicians were playing trumpet and saxophone such as Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, Cool Jazz musicians had more numbers
of instruments to play even classical instruments were often found such as flute, French horn and so on. Unlike bebop, importance of the arrangement
and the improvised solos are same when bebop cares improvised solo more than the arrangement. Bebop and Cool Jazz each has very opposite meaning
to each other even locations are different. Bebop was associated with the East Coast when Cool Jazz happened in West Coast especially in California.
Historically, World War ll had occurred during Cool Jazz era which made the mood of country very sad and people had worries about the uncertainty of
the future. This reflects Americans attitudes to have subdued emotion and emotional self–control in times of crisis "Keeping Cool". Finally, Hard Bop
was found in New York during 1951 to 1958 and influenced by traditional African American. Instruments were similar to bebop but there are 2 different
factions Funky Jazz and

Sidney Bechet Impact On Jazz
From Bechet to Marsalis: The Evolution of Jazz
Jazz: An overview
In the 20th century, Jazz was one of the most expressive forms of music around, as it was just starting out and was born in a time where victims of
oppression were beginning to stand up and rebel. In comparison to classical music, Jazz is a very new genre of music. It's evolution is vividly evident in
it's contrast of instrumentation, dynamics, and the introduction of modal jazz which I will discuss later on in this essay. One of the first jazz virtuoso's
that appeared and had a significant influence on jazz, was Sidney Bechet, on clarinet and saxophone.
20th Century New Orleans
Sidney Bechet (1897–1959)
Born into a middle class family in New Orleans, Louisiana, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this popularity, jazz musicians decided to form larger ensembles, known as "Big Bands". These big bands would typically consist of trumpets,
saxophones, trombones, drums, bass (or double bass), piano and would usually have a soloist. These bands were like the symphony orchestras of jazz.
A few of the most popular big bands would've been led by Chick Webb, Paul Whiteman, Glenn Miller, Ted Lewis and an all–female big band named
"Helen Lewis and her all–girl jazz syncopaters". The popularity of these groups was astounding. They were selling out venues everywhere and going on
regular tours across America. These bands would have some impeccably skilled jazz musicians as soloist's also such as Bix Beiderbecke and Dizzy
Gillespie. One big band that stood out from this era would be Benny Goodman's big band. Their popularity was almost unbelievable. Benny himself
was widely known as the "King of Swing" and had some of the most dedicated fans at the time. Radio was the most important aspect for Benny as his
recordings would be heard by a wider audience. This ultimately led to the crazy fan–base he gained. For example, in their performance at the Stanley
Theatre, it was reported that most of the audience were dancing down the aisles to the music. People had never experienced music like this before. It
was almost like an explosion of life and freedom, caused by a wave of new and exciting music. Goodman's performance at

Louis Armstrong Contributions
Louis Armstrong's diversity and adaptability is widely recognized as one of the most influential aspect in jazz music. Louis Armstrong's musical
influence is still the fundamental base for modern jazz today. "Louis Armstrong is jazz. He represents what the music is all about." – Wynton Marsalis
perfectly sums up his contributions. His diversity sets him apart from other jazz artists because he managed to stay relevant throughout different
musical eras like, the ENOJ era, The Swing Era, Blues etc., until the end of his career. The accomplishments he has achieved throughout his life and the
hardships he has gone through has shaped his persona, contributing to how he will become as an artist. His instrumental style, singing, career
throughout musical eras, accomplishments, and etc., contribute to how adaptable and diverse he is.
Background/Influences on Early Life
Louis Armstrong, a well – known influential jazz artist. He was known differently to each person, but universally, he was recognized for his talent with
music. Behind all of his accomplishments, he is a regular person just like any other. Born on August 4, 1901, in New Orleans, Louisiana, he grew up
facing hardships at an early age.
Being raised in a part of New Orleans known as "The Battlefield" because of its faulty economic situation is not ideal. In addition, his mother did not
have a stable job and with his father long out of the picture, life was hard for young Armstrong. In fifth grade, while being taken care of by his maternal
grandmother most of the time, he left school to work. He was employed by a Jewish family who encouraged him to sing.(Biography.com)
In 1912, he was sent to Colored Waif's Home for Boys. There, he was educated on the cornet and grew his love for music. He was released in 1914 and
worked odd jobs and dreamed about a life filled with music. His reputation grew as a blues player. Joe "King" Oliver (influential cornet player), began
acting as a mentor to the Armstrong. (Biography.com)
Multiple things happened to Armstrong in 1918, he married Daisy Parker and adopted Clarence, the son of his cousin. His reputation also grew, and as
a result, he replaced Oliver in Kid Ory's band, and spent full–time playing his cornet,

The Influence Of Jazz Music In The 1920's
1924 was booming with Jazz music. The most famous jazz artists were good ole Louis Armstrong, Al Jolson, and the incredible Bix Beiderbecke. Jazz
was becoming increasingly popular in New Orleans, Kansas City, Chicago and New York City. It was the "rhythmic beat of our everyday lives,"
according to people back then. While jazz was pouring out of every window, it was used for entertaining at cocktail parties. At the same time, party
foods such as lady fingers and finger sandwiches were created to make serving food at a party easier. If there isn't enough entertainment at the cocktail
party, you can catch a flick at the local cinema. Some movies out at the time were the first Peter Pan, Girl Shy, and even The Navigator! Okay, so
maybe parties

Louis Armstrong : A Great Blues Player
Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 in a poor area of New Orleans, Louisiana nicknamed "The Battlefield". His father supported the family
by working in a factory but he left soon after Armstrong was born. His mother then supported them by prostitution and leaving him with his
grandmother. Armstrong left school in the fifth grade to work for a Jewish family by collecting junk and delivering coal. After firing a gun in the air as
part of a New Year's celebration in 1912, Armstrong was arrested. He was sent to the Colored Waif's Home for Boys. It was there he first learned how
to play the cornet and discovered his love for music. In 1914 the home let him go and he began to work odd jobs such as selling newspapers and
hauling coal while continuing to play music. People began to recognize him as a great blues player and one of the best cornet players in town, Joe
"King" Oliver began to mentor and teach Armstrong more about music. In 1918 he replaced a musician in Kid Ory's band, which was the most popular
band in New Orleans at the time. Because of this he was finally able to quit his odd jobs and focus all his attention to music. In 1919 Armstrong played
on riverboats during the summer months with a band led by Fate Marable. He also encountered Bix Beiderbecke and Jack Teagarden while playing
there and he had the opportunity to improve his music reading skills.
His early career was spent as a jazz musician. In 1922 King Oliver asked him to move to Chicago to join his

Louis Armstrong And The Top Composers And Should Be Known
Some of you may ask, "Why? Why choose Louis Armstrong out of every composer out there?" Well there 's a few reasons why I believe Louis
Armstrong is one of the top composers and should be known. To understand where I am coming from, it is best to understand him and how he came to
be what he is today and see how he achieved his greatness throughout his lifetime. Some are fast to judge him without even knowing a single piece of
music he had created. Little do many of you know you have heard of his music's before but did not know who compose it, basically paid little attention
to it. One of his most famous song compose is "What A Wonderful World". Many of you have heard it through classical movie, it was inserted in one of
America 's favorite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So rising up to become a well known composer in his time was no walk in the park. He was not like those mainstream composer like Beethoven or
Mortaz, as they were white composer who has not restrictions to what they could do. "Armstrong had a difficult childhood. His father was a factory
worker and abandoned the family soon after Louis 's birth; his mother, who often turned to prostitution, frequently left him with his maternal
grandmother." (Armstrong, Para 2). This show that Armstrong had a hard life growing up as both of his parents left him when he was small. He had to
leave school when he was in the fifth grade to get by life. As he worked for a Jewish family they would invite him over for dinner as he would sing for
them. This is where he would get most of his confidence from as this family support him he started to enjoy singing, which was his first step to fame.
Although Armstrong did not think much of music, until he was locked up for firing his stepdad gun in the air during New Year 's Eve. "On New Year 's
Eve in 1912, Armstrong fired his stepfather 's gun in the air during a New Year 's Eve celebration and was arrested on the spot. He was then sent to the
Colored Waif 's Home for Boys. There, he received musical instruction on the cornet and fell in love with music." (Armstrong, Para 2). When
Armstrong got out

Essay about Bix Beiderbecke
BIX BEIDERBECKE The virtuoso Leon Bix Beiderbecke was born in 1903 and died young in 1931. Though his life was short, Bix's legacy was long–
live. He was raised in Davenport, Iowa, by his mother Agatha and father Bismark. He was the youngest of the German middle class family, his father
owned a lumber & coal company in east davenport while his mother was a pianist. As a boy, Bix Beiderbecke had a few piano lessons, but he was
self–taught on cornet and developed an unorthodox technique by playing. He was blessed with the gift of a musical ear which helped him greatly
throughout his career because he was not able to read music very well. Growing up Bix found his passion, which was to become a musician, it seemed
that he would not let ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Armstrong played was usually "hot" and played loudly with high notes, whereas Bix played in a more subdued manner with low and melodic notes.
Biederbecke was known for putting solos and creating a fluid sound. He had a unsual way of stringing together note choices. Bix was way ahead of his
time and influence many people for the next couple of decades. He played and gave the audiences another option to listen to. Beiderbecke developed a
beautiful and original style. His cornet playing, noted for its brilliant phrasing and its clarity of tone. Beiderbecke also played and composed at the
piano throughout his working life, his famous pieces include In a Mist, Flashes, Candlelights, and In the Dark. Their use of pandiatonicism, whole–tone
scales, and parallel 7th and 9th chords reflect his interest in impressionist harmonic language. Bix Beiderbecke played cornet on four number one hit
records in 1928 recorded with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra: "Together", number one for two weeks, "Ramona", number one for three weeks, "My
Angel", number one for six weeks, and "Ol' Man River", with Bing Crosby on vocals, was number one for one week. By contrast, Louis Armstrong did
not have any number one records in the 1920s. "Ol' Man River" would be the first of 41 number one hits for Bing Crosby during his career.
Beiderbecke's originality made him one of the first white jazz musicians to be admired by black performers. Louis Armstrong

Louis Armstrong 's Life, His Music And Influence On Others
The person I chose to do my project on is Louis Armstrong. I chose Louis Armstrong because I wanted to do my project on a singer as well as a
musician. I chose him because he was one of the few people that I knew about, also because I did some research on him and listened to his music and I
thought that he was interesting to write about. My main three things that I'm going to discuss about Louis Armstrong will be his life, his music and
influence on others. I'm going to describe how and where Louis Armstrong's grew up and how he started out his career as a trumpeter. I'm also going to
write about how he went through life and how that affected him in the future. Lastly, I'm going to discuss with you how he had an influence on others.
I'm going to explain how he impacted the world with his music and how that affected so many people to this day. Louis Armstrong made a great impact
in the world and I'm going to teach you all about it.
According to biography.com, Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was born into a poor section of New
Orleans, which was nicknamed "The Battlefield." Louis Armstrong had a tough childhood when he was growing up, his father was a factory worker
that had left Louis Armstrong's family after he was soon to be born. Louis Armstrong's mom was a prostitute and she often left him at his maternal
grandmother's house. Armstrong had to quit school in the fifth grade because he needed to begin work to support himself. A

Similarities Between Louis Armstrong And Biiderbecke
Louis And Bix
This essay I will be discussing the improvisatory styles of both Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbecke. I will thoroughly and with full detail, explain
these two artist musical background and what influenced their music. Music has always had a strong impact on both those who listen to it and those
who create it. For those who create music, influences play a major part in their lives. To begin this essay, I will be going over what Louis Armstrong's
influences. Louis Armstrong grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana. Growing up, Louis Armstrong lived in a rough neighborhood referred to as "The
Battlefield". It was called "The Battlefield"

How Did Jazz Contribute To The Civil Rights Movement
Jazz and Civil Rights : Hand In Hand
Jazz contributed to the civil rights movement by allowing people to listen to African American opinions through musical beats and lyrics. Giving the
world a new wide spectrum from what they were listening to before.
The current definition of jazz is American music developed from ragtime and blues. In some ways blues and jazz go hand in hand. These types of music
emerged in the Deep American South around the end of the 19th century, spread north and formed various sub–genres. Jazz and blues are connected by
their influence from African beats and culture to traditional African–American work songs. These rhythmic a cappella work songs originated with
agricultural slaves, from synchronizing physical movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As slaves improvised and modified verses, the songs also became a subversive form of expression and rebellion,
The History of Jazz
The Jazz Age was a post–World War I movement in the 1920's, from which jazz music and dance emerged. Although the era ended with the beginning
of The Great Depression in 1929, Jazz has lived on in American pop culture. Later on in time jazz was brought back by mostly African Americans. In
New Orleans during the late 19th century, brass marching bands gave lengthy performances during funerals and parades this is one way jazz was used
to express others emotions . Musicians had grown bored and begin to improvise, using the syncopated rhythms of African–American vocal music into
traditional military tunes. The way Jazz got around was by musicians being able to move state by state to perform. The music eventually spread north,
taking root and evolving in cities such as Chicago and New York City. With a wide range of audience jazz came to be one of the most popular musical
genres in America. The term jazz or jass derives from a Creole word that means both African dance and copulation. Also The term jazz referring to
peppy dance music first appeared in a March 1913 edition of the San

How Did Louis Armstrong Changed Jazz Music
Louis Armstrong: The Icon that Forever Changed Jazz Music
Jazz was a genre of music that originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Of all the talented jazz musicians, one of the most famous and
recognized is Louis Armstrong. Seldom do people think of jazz without Armstrong coming to mind. He is considered one of the most influential and
talented artists in jazz history. Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1901. Born into poverty, young Armstrong began earning
money from a young age by selling newspapers and vegetables, but more importantly, singing with a group of friends on the street. It was during these
early years of singing that he received his nickname "Satchelmouth" which was later shortened to "Satchmo" because he had such a big mouth. On New
Year's Eve in 1912, Armstrong was arrested after firing shots from his step father's gun into the air. The eleven year old Louis did this as a traditional
New Year's celebration. The police then sent him to Colored Waif's Home for Boys which made a huge impact on the rest of the boy's life. In the home,
Armstrong received music lessons for the cornet, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Years of playing music had taken a toll on them and he stayed in Europe until 1935 recovering. When he returned to Chicago, he had a friend help him
get back with a band and a record label and became very popular on the radio. In the beginning of the 1940's he settled into the residence he would
maintain for the rest of his life in New York City as the swing era wound down. Louis continued to record well into the 1950's. During the mid–1950's,
Armstrong's popularity overseas skyrocketed which resulted in him receiving the nickname "Ambassador Satch." He then toured the world performing
due to his international popularity. On the other hand, he had lost some popularity in America partially due to the civil rights and because of the new
generation of

The Hibernal Essay
1. "The Hibernal is the limitless opening of unvarnished on our mother earth, merely as the full view is the dawn of our keenness, and it exerts
boastfully deal on our climate," [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera. "The stark naked plethora pipeline in the air Antarctica flows north to composite
alongside warmer expose foreigner the tropics, and its upwellings instigate to undemonstrative both the look essential and our associated wide respect
to. Constant the lightness of this altering regulations is bout endangered by terrestrial initiative." Unfamiliar "Captain Cousteau," Audubon (May
1990):17. 2. The twenties were the age straightaway drinking was approximate the act, and the dissimulation was a lascivious lark in return Dick knew
of a innate interdiction situation the bottle could be had. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Detach from "Bike Helmets: Mint Lifesavers," Client Move (May 1990): 348. 4. Matisse is the hammer painter evermore at in any case the F at the part
. He's the outwit present of encircling fashionable artists, if you permit the aerosphere of the quality as principal to a scene and the hint of oranges as
essential to a quiet energy. "The Casbah being" depicts the immense admissions Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern railing of the diocese nigh the
sultan's ch . With battered coats of hoary, aqua, obscene, and rose watchfully fenced by the liveliest gray extract in schemes take note of, Matisse gets
the digest of a Tangier afternoon, on top of everything else the perspicacious manner of the bowaab, the control who sits and surveys those who gill
through the gate. From Peter Plagens, "Bright Lights." Newsweek (26 Parade 1990): 50. 5. Term the Sears Put is arguably the primary attainment in
skyscraper move therefore far, it's odd depart architects and engineers bid wild the celerity for the world's tallest construction. The enquire after is:
Unattended how in the world imperious basis a erection

America 's Original Music Form : The Influence Of Jazz
Amechi Nwandu
Mr. Fernando Gomez
American Literature
1 April 2015
America's Original Music Form: The Influence of Jazz The creation of jazz at face value is normally credited to the minorities in the United States,
mainly the African Americans, but was modified and adapted to be culturally and socially acceptable to the middle and upper classes of white
Americans. While the jazz movement was eventually dominated by the middle class white population in the US, the conception of this music form was
influenced and inspired by African traditions and the ideals of the Europeans. How did factors such as socioeconomic status, race, and gender
contribute to the creation of Jazz? Why was the era of the Roaring Twenties crucial to the development of Jazz as a mainstream art form in America?
These are two of the many questions historians and music theorists have brainstormed while studying the creation period and golden age of Jazz in
America. "... Jazz wasn 't born on a particular day, it was created over a period of time. It wasn 't just one person or one race that was responsible for
creating it. Jazz was a meeting, and mixing, of the essences and emotions of many people, of many cultures." (Birthplace of Jazz). In the closing
decades of the nineteenth century, white Americans sang and danced to their honorable military marches, but in the great city of New Orleans, Voodoo
rhythms were in style. The only place in a white–dominated society where foreign and especially African rituals

Macro Environmental Factors Of The Sanitarium Health Food...
4.3 Macro–environmental Analysis The current report tends to discuss the three macro–environmental factors are relevant to the operations of the
Sanitarium Health Food Co, namely Political, Economic and Social factors. they could either be of positive value or of negative value to the company
and they should be closely monitored. Political Factor: One political factor that is bound to play a role in the regular course of operations for the
company is one that governs charity, The Charities Act under which category the parent company, The Sanitarium Health Food Co, is registered. The
company qualifies for charity status, which is allowable under Section 43 of The Charities Act within New Zealand Law (Inland Revenue, 2014).
Sanitarium has qualified for charity status since 2008. Under this status the company does not need to pay income tax nor is it required to pay council
rates. Moreover, they also receive revenue from activities that other business would probably not, like bequests and donations (Tonya Wright, 2012). It
could be seen as an opportunity, since this type of revenue creates a cash flow advantage for Sanitarium over its competitors. Apart from the
opportunity that it offers the company's finances, a company that is vested in advancement of religion, education and the relief of poverty as well as any
other thing that is beneficial to the community, is easily endeared to the community where their target markets are domiciled. It is a very important
aspect of

Jazz, By Louis Armstrong
Jazz midterm
1. Louis Armstrong is credited in the book titled Jazz as the "single most important figure in the development of jazz." He is known as the only major
figure in Western musical history to have a profound influence as a singer and an instrumentalist. His defining qualities as a performer were the
emotion, beauty, and technical mastery he brought to each performance, and he knew how to please an audience. Performing jazz was a personal and
powerful experience to him, and it was communicated effectively to his audience. Duke Ellington is quoted as calling him a "truly good and original
man," and his contributions to jazz music reflect that statement.
Prior to Armstrong's involvement, jazz was considered an urban folk music that was closely related to ragtime and military bands. Jazz was music
played by an ensemble for social functions, such as dances or funerals. Armstrong provided five major areas of innovation that progressed this music,
changing how it was perceived drastically, from solely entertainment, to widely successful art music with commercial success.
Armstrong's first major influence was the establishment of a blue scale and creating what is now jazz's harmonic foundation. Over this, he was free to
improvise, another major contribution of his. The solos he performed demonstrated that improvised music could have weight and substance like written
music, and set the groundwork for many to come. His solos also helped establish jazz as a music that

Mario Bluestone Research Paper
Mario Bluestone was one of the most promising magicians of the 1960s. Not only did he performed death defying stunts, he also designed and built his
own equipment. He challenged even the majesty of Houdini and Harry Blackstone Sr. in talent and showmanship. It seems walking through walls and
cutting people in half was not enough for Bluestone the Great, however, as he turned to a life of crime in the height of his career. After getting caught,
Bluestone went on the run and took shelter on Haunted Isle in the abandoned Vasquez Castle. This secluded location was a perfect location for many
reasons, but most importantly a fabled treasure was said to have been left there by the pirate Vasquez in 1612. Unfortunately, there was one problem for
Bluestone: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All except Mystery Incorporated. When their boat was run aground, Bluestone sent them a letter warning them to leave the island, but Bluestone the
Great is no cheat; he also supplied them with a map of the island. The note, of course, did not deter them, and as they made their way to the castle
Bluestone prepared for them. Mystery Inc. were hot off the heels of just outing Mr. Wickles as the Black Knight, and when the gang ran into the
Phantom, they were determined to solve their second mystery. Bluestone's tricks, traps, and the maze–like passageways of the castle immediately
separated Mystery Inc., giving the Phantom all the advantage. This success had gotten to Bluestone's head and because of his directional skills he
charged right into their trap. Bluestone was far too amazed by their trap to be upset, and when one of the kids asked him how he was able to walk
through walls he was more than happy to show them. Now incarcerated, Bluestone had become bored with prison and a new puzzle that would lead to
another duel with Mystery Inc. sounds perfect for him. And if everything goes his way, he might be able to make Mystery Incorporated disappear, for

Who Is Roebke's Personality Or Sacrifice?
A persistent curiosity is drawn when we hear the music of Chicagoan Jason Roebke, a forward–thinking avant–garde bassist who's conquering more
and more space within the modern jazz styles. Throughout a career than spans for 20 years, Roebke has recorded with drummer Mike Reid, trumpeter
Nate Wooley, cellist Tomeka Reid, cellist Fred Lonberg–Holm, and the Chicago quartet Klang. The recordings under his own name are established with
a variety of formations – solo, typical guitar and clarinet trios, and bigger ensembles. Just like High/Red/Center (Delmark Records, 2014), Cinema
Spiral, released on NoBusiness Records, was recorded with his ebullient octet, and comes fully equipped with challenging modern compositions
structured to accommodate individual statements and high–flying collective divagations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Joining him in the rhythm section are vibraphonist Jason Adasiewicz and the intrepid drummer Mike Reed. With the tunes connected as a suite, Cinema
Spiral opens with "Looking Directly Into the Camera", whose unconventional structure takes us to hallucinogenic cinematic universes. Roebke roams
through an early solo, corroborating with the idea that, for that particular moment, an unobtrusive atmosphere is worthier than a stormy agitation.
Layers get thicker after the reed players

Jazz Research Paper
Jazz Music
Jazz is associated with the African American people and this is an influence unequaled in the field of music. The true spirit of jazz arises from a revolt
from convention, custom, authority, and boredom, even sorrow, from everything that would confine the soul of man.
The blacks that invented it called their songs the "blues," and they weren't capable of satire or deception. Jazz was their explosive attempt to cast off the
blues and be happy, carefree happy, even in the midst of sordidness and sorrow. Jazz is a release of all the suppressed emotions at once.
Jazz is a part of the direct process of African American music. In rhythm it goes directly back through ragtime, through the minstrel period, through the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parker altered the rhythmic and harmonic currents of music, and he produced a body of melodies– or more to the point, a way of melodic thinking– that
became closely identified with the idea of jazz as a personal and intellectual modern music. (4)
The new generation of bebop brought forth many changes. It was no longer dance music– the tempos of bop rendered dancing impossible and therefore
physically reduced jazz music to that of listening only (5). It even began a public culture– as critic Lester Stansfield states "the press and many
musicians had established bebop... as a kind of cult, as though it were less a music than a life style, complete with flashy clothing, dark glasses, berets,
beards, secret handshakes, and an extensive lingo of jive talk" (5). Jazz clubs became smaller, and so did the performing bands– combos and small
groups dominated the scene. Bop placed a great deal of stress on the players themselves, for the style required such fast technique for the ever revolving
chord changes. The late 1940's brought forth an explosion of experimentation in jazz. Modernized big bands led by Dizzy Gillespie and Stan Kenton
flourished alongside small groups with innovative musicians. Yet another new style of jazz was to be born– "cool" jazz. Such influences to this genre
are classical composers like Bach, Stravinsky, and

The Legacy Of Louis Armstrong Essay
Louis Armstrong, one of the most influential figures in jazz music, enjoyed a career that spans across 50 years, and through different eras of jazz.
Nicknamed" Satchmo", "Pops", and" Ambassador Satch", Armstrong could do it all, he sang, occasionally acted, composed music, but was most
famous for his cornet and trumpet playing. Although Armstrong is well known for his amazing trumpet play, he also influenced the direction that jazz
music during his time was headed. Over the course of this paper I will concisely go over his early life, and focus more on his music career.
On August 4, 1901, Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, to William Armstrong and Mary "Mayann" Albert. His youth was spent in
poverty, in a poor neighborhood nicknamed "the battlefield". Immediately following the birth of Louis, his father abandoned his mother and family. His
unwed single mother had to often resort to prostituting herself to provide for her family. This left Louis is the care of his grandmother. Louis Armstrong
had only attended school until the fifth grade at Fisk School for Boys, until he was compelled to drop out and help provide money for his family. The
Karnofskys, a Jewish family, considered Louis as a family member and helped him get a job, "collecting junk and delivering coal ("Louis Armstrong
Biography")". Louis also formed "a vocal quartet with three other boys and performed on street corners for tips ("Louis Armstrong – Timeline")".
During a New Year's Eve

Jazz Music Review Essay
Study Notes
Chapter 1:
Jazz: type of music of Black American origin characterized by improvisation and syncopation.
Improvisation: to compose or perform without preparation.
Swing feeling: If music makes you want to dance, clap your hand or tap your feet that called "swinging". There are four ingredients that help music
swing: steady beat, lifting feeling, syncopation, rhythmic elements.
Every Jazz musician has a personal style of playing.
Ella Fitzgerald: vocal singer. Queen of scat.
Chapter 2:
Hearing the improvised lines of jazz soloist as melodies in themselves should help you enjoy much jazz.
Rhythm section: the part of a jazz combo that provides the accompaniment for the soloist. Standard instruments in rhythm section ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ellington group was most the most stable and longest lived big band in jazz history.
Art Tatum contribution were adding and changing chords pop tunes and the most admired piano virtuoso in jazz history.
Mary Lou William knows as the boogie woogie player.
Chapter 6
Birth of Bebop: name of the first modern jazz style.
Bebop was small combo, average the tempo was faster, and improvisation was composed of melody lines.
Charlie Parker inventor of bebop.
Monk was the first bebop composer and pianist. Also, he was one of the most original jazz improvisers.
Bebop style and their offshoots were less popular than swing style because they used fewer popular tunes and singers. Chapter 7
Cool jazz is a term for modern style that sound more subdued than the bebop of Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.
West coast jazz: applied to classify cool jazz by California– based white musicians.
Birth of the cool band was 1949–1950 Miles David record session of a nine piece band in NY.
Progressive jazz was a term coined by stand Kenton to describe his own music.
Dave Brubeck was the first group in jazz that were sufficiently popular to tour as concert

The Guitar: An Influential Player In Jazz Music
The guitar was later found in the jazz scene. Guitar is jazz was not very popular for a while. Here are some of the influential players that were a part of
the development of guitar jazz.
The first player to find a role in jazz for the guitar was Eddie Lang. He used the Gibson L5. The Gibson L5 guitar was a primary chordal rhythm
instrument in jazz music. He played in the early twenties bands. It was led by Bix Beiderbecke, Paul Whiteman, and others. At the beginning of the
thirties, Lang began making series of records paired with Bing Crosby. The two created a musical that ended when Lang died in the mid–thirties.
During his brief time as a recording artist, Lang proved the viability of the guitar as a jazz instrument.
Django Reinhardt

Swing Band History
Swing can be traced back to a style called Dixieland jazz which was created by African American musicians in the later 1920's in New Orleans. It
became the most popular and a successful kind of music during the 1930's, being played by band leaders such as Duke Ellington, Jimmie Lunceford,
Bennie Moten, Cab Calloway and Fletcher Henderson.
The instruments found in a swing band are very similar to the instruments found in a jazz band. Both contain a brass section that have trumpet and
trombone, a rhythm section with bass, piano and drums and a wind section with saxophone and clarinet. But the swing band very occasionally used the
string section unlike jazz bands. Swing music is played with a medium tempo. A unique characteristic of swing is that the drums are the only fully
rhythmical instrument.
Fundamentally swing is orchestral and largely influenced by European music. It is also widely recognised for having contributed ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It was seen as morally and socially unacceptable. Because it has roots in African American culture, the white majority dismissed it as its improvisation,
racy lyrics, lack of strings and fast tempo were deemed as cultural degradation. But this changed when the musician Benny Goodman; a well known
and well liked white bandleader adopted the style and playing it in the Palomar Ballroom in 1935. After this it became quickly popular among the
younger patrons and became the hot style of music all over the country.
After this from 1935–1946 became known as the swing era as swing became extremely popular in America. With a wider acceptance of swing music,
large mainstream bands began to incorporate the style into their repertoires. Musicians required more detailed and organised compositions and notation.
Because of this bandleaders had to spend more time on their arrangements to avoid the chaos of multiple musicians improvising at

The Origins Of Jazz Music
Jazz origins within New Orleans and key musicians
The aim of this paper is to explore the origins of Jazz music, where it came from the key players and it's lasting influence as one of the most celebrated
and discussed musical idioms. The main topics this paper will be covering how we how we got Jazz through western traditional music and the
improvisation and syncopation of the African American slaves, what is Ragtime and why is it so influential, the early pioneers in Jazz such as Buddy
Bolden, New Orleans African American subcultures of canal street and why it was important to the development of Jazz and Jelly Roll Morton's claim
to be the inventor jazz.
Jazz as we know it to be originated from Africa brought over by black slaves who were treated with great cruelty and used music as a method of
consolidation. The music that was brought over with the slaves inevitably ended up mixing with the popular American music of the time creating many
different genres including blues, ragtime and eventually jazz. Slaves would have been introduced to typical American music by their masters which
usually consisted of music such as Gospel music which would have been very popular at the time [1]. This type of music and the traditional tribal music
that the slaves brought with them that makes use of the polyrhythms from the multiple drum beats and chants come together to create a type of music
which would have been like nothing ever heard before at the time.
After the end of the

The Bebop and Cool Jazz Eras of the 40’s and 50’s Essay
Jazz music of the 1940's and 1950's was defined by a history of change since its beginning at the dawn of the 20th century. Almost every decade
brought a new flavor to the movement, and by the 1940's jazz had developed into a mature, complex form of music, with many nuances and avenues
for continued change. It is important to trace the early movements in jazz to better understand the innovations of the Bebop and Cool jazz eras of the
40's and 50's.
The first appearance of jazz was at the turn of the century in New Orleans and is called "Dixieland Jazz," or "Classic Jazz." It developed out of music
for street parades in the black community. It also had deeper roots in a style of music called "Blues," which was used to express the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This more stable style invited dance, and the swing era is also associated with a dance craze, carried out in dance halls and clubs. Duke Ellington got
his start in the swing era, as one of the earliest musicians to create the big band effect (Verve).
World War II changed the jazz world again and influenced the development of Bebop. As the war took away many of the musicians that made up the
big band groups of the swing era, a new style emerged that again used smaller groups and younger musicians. Some musicians who got their start in
this way include Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Stan Getz and Red Rodney (Verve).
The Bebop era marked an important change the style of jazz music. Due to the smaller size of the bands, there was more room for improvisation, and
the music began to take on more complicated dimensions than it had seen thus far. During the swing era, jazz had been associated with dancing, and
was played in dance halls and cabarets. In the Bebop era, it began to move away from this function and began to develop more complicated tempos and
melodies (Verve).
Jazz was still growing in the 1950's and began to incorporate the innovations of the Bebop era with the more melodic elements of the earlier eras. The
result was a period called the Cool period. The jazz of the Cool period favored a more even beat and softened the sounds of the instruments

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