This document provides an overview of computer components and their functions. It discusses that a computer is an electronic device that receives input, processes data, stores information, and produces output. The typical components of a computer system include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit and control unit to process instructions. Memory holds programs and data. Common input devices are keyboards and mice, while output devices include monitors and printers. Storage such as hard drives and CDs are used to save data for later use. The document traces the early history of computers from the Analytical Engine to modern PCs.
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Information technology
1. Designed By : Arunava Bera
Guided By : Mrs. Chetna
Class : IX ‘B’
Roll No. : 14
2. Introduction
What Is A Computer?
An electronic device that receives data,
processes data, stores data, and
produces a result (output).
Classified by size, speed and
application
Uses hardware and software
Comes in different types
4. Computer Systems
All computer systems, no matter how
complex, consists of the following:
At least one CPU
Memory to hold programs and data
I/O devices
Long-term storage
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5. CPU: Central Processing Unit
ALU: arithmetic/logic unit
◦ Performs arithmetic and Boolean logical
calculations
CU: control unit
◦ Controls processing of instructions
◦ Controls movement of data within the CPU
Interface unit
◦ Moves instructions and data between the CPU
and other hardware components
◦ Bus: bundle of wires that carry signals and
power between different components
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6. Memory
Also known as primary storage, working
storage, and RAM (random access
memory)
Consists of bits, each of which hold a
value of either 0 or 1 (8 bits = 1 byte)
Holds both instructions and data of a
computer program (stored program
concept)
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7. Software Component
Applications
Operating System
◦ API: application
program interface
◦ File management
◦ I/O
◦ Kernel
Memory management
Resource scheduling
Program
communication
Security
◦ Network Module
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8. Modern Computer Development
1937: Mark I is built (Aiken, Harvard University, IBM).
◦ First electronic computer using relays.
1939: ABC is built
◦ First fully electronic digital computer. Used vacuum tubes.
1943-46: ENIAC (Mauchly, Eckert, University of Pennsylvania).
◦ First general purpose digital computer.
1945: Von Neumann architecture proposed.
◦ Still the standard for present day computers.
1947: Creation of transistor
◦ (Bardeen, Shockley, Brattain, Bell Labs).
1951: UNIVAC.
◦ First commercially available computer.
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11. Computer performs all the functions according to input output
processing cycle (IPO Cycle)
Input Process Output
Computer is an electronic device which take some input after
processing provide output.
Input
unit
Central processing
unit (CPU)
Output
unit
Main memory Secondary memory (Hard Disk)
12. Input unit take the input and converts it into binary form so that
it can be understood by the computer. For example:- Key board,
mouse, magnetic ink character reader (MICR), optical mark
reader (OMR), optical character reader (OCR), Joystick etc.
Output unit take the programs in the form of electronic binary
signals coming from the CPU and convert into human
understandable language. So it can be easily understood by the
human beings. For example :- Visual Display Unit (VDU),
Printer, Plotter, Speech Synthesizer and Coder etc.
It is a control center for a computer. It guides , directs and governs
its performance. It is the brain of the computer.
13. Output Devices
Monitor: screen that displays information
such as text, numbers, and
Printer: gives you information pictures.
◦ Softcopy
◦ from the computer in printed form.
◦ Hardcopy
Speakers: allow you to hear voice, music,
and other sounds from your computer.
14. Processing Device
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
– known as the heart or
“brain” of the computer and is
responsible for processing the
information that has been
entered into the computer
15. Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive: used
to store data inside of
the computer.
◦ Magnetic platter that
holds a large amount
of information in a
form the computer
can understand.
◦ Floppy Disk: flat circles
of iron oxide-coated
plastic enclosed in a
hard plastic case.
◦ Most are 3 ½ inches
and have a capacity to
hold 1.44 MB or more
of data.
CD ROM Drive: a
compact disk that reads
only memory.
CD-RW: a device that
allows you to read and
write to a compact disk
16. Input
Enters data into the
computer
Processing
Changes data into
usable form
Output
Sends data out of
the
computer
Storage
Saves for use later
CONCLUSION