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Coastal Morphology

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The document discusses different classifications of coastlines based on geology and energy levels. There are three main types of coastlines: transverse coasts which develop when rock strata is perpendicular to the shoreline; longitudinal/concordant coasts which develop when rock strata runs parallel to the shoreline; and coastlines classified by energy levels including high energy, low energy, and protected coastlines based on wave activity. Geology is the overriding factor in coastal morphology, with rock type and structure influencing coastal landforms.

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Coastal Morphology
So far we’ve investigated: Erosion Exposure to Wave Action Types of Wave Action Sand dunes Coastal Features Which one overriding factor will govern much of this?
Each part of each coastline is reliant upon one factor
Geology. The rock type and structure. Geologists and Geographers have been able to draw up classifications of coasts:
Transverse Coasts These develop when the rock strata runs at right angles to the shoreline (Waves that run at right angles to the shore are also know as ????????)
Transverse Coasts These develop when the rock strata runs at right angles to the shoreline (Waves that run at right angles to the shore are also know as Discordant ) Harder rock tends to form headlands and the softer rocks bays or havens
Transverse Coastline at Swanage
Longitudinal Coasts Occurs when rock strata runs Parallel to the coast. This type of coastline is also called a ????????
Longitudinal Coasts Occurs when rock strata runs Parallel to the coast. This type of coastline is also called a concordant coastline
Longitudinal or Concordant Coast
Longitudinal Coasts Local rocks in the Lulworth Area are hard on the outside and weaker on the inside forming coves
Classification of Coasts Johnson 1919
Valentin 1952
Shepard 1963 PRIMARY - The configuration of these coasts develops from non-marine processes. They have not been significantly altered since the last rise of sea level Influence of the sea has been minimal (Shaped by sub aerial erosion and partly drowned by postglacial rise of sea level. ) SECONDARY - Shaped primarily by marine agencies or by marine organisms. May or may not have been primary coasts before being shaped by marine forces (Reshaping of the coastline by marine forces, primarily wave action. Other erosive forces such as karst erosion may play a role) This again was seen as over simplistic and generalised
Inmann and Nordstrom 1971
Davis 1980 Energy produced Coastlines – Though only relatively recent it is beginning to gain credibility because it relates directly to the amount of energy expended by different waves on different environments. HIGH ENERGY ENVIRONMENTS – e.g. destructive waves breaking on shingle beaches LOW ENERGY ENVIRONMENTS – e.g. constructive waves break upon sandy beaches PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS – Where wave action is limited in small sheltered, sea areas.
Further Reading http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/morphol.htm Guinness and Nagle (p.293-296) “Advanced Geology Concepts and Cases” Hodder & Stoughton 2005 D. Waugh. (p.148-152) “Geography An Integrated Approach” Nelson 1995 http://www.jfk.herts.sch.uk/north_norfolk/excercises/act1.html http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/bourne.htm

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Coastal Morphology

  • 2. So far we’ve investigated: Erosion Exposure to Wave Action Types of Wave Action Sand dunes Coastal Features Which one overriding factor will govern much of this?
  • 3. Each part of each coastline is reliant upon one factor
  • 4. Geology. The rock type and structure. Geologists and Geographers have been able to draw up classifications of coasts:
  • 5. Transverse Coasts These develop when the rock strata runs at right angles to the shoreline (Waves that run at right angles to the shore are also know as ????????)
  • 6. Transverse Coasts These develop when the rock strata runs at right angles to the shoreline (Waves that run at right angles to the shore are also know as Discordant ) Harder rock tends to form headlands and the softer rocks bays or havens
  • 8. Longitudinal Coasts Occurs when rock strata runs Parallel to the coast. This type of coastline is also called a ????????
  • 9. Longitudinal Coasts Occurs when rock strata runs Parallel to the coast. This type of coastline is also called a concordant coastline
  • 11. Longitudinal Coasts Local rocks in the Lulworth Area are hard on the outside and weaker on the inside forming coves
  • 12. Classification of Coasts Johnson 1919
  • 14. Shepard 1963 PRIMARY - The configuration of these coasts develops from non-marine processes. They have not been significantly altered since the last rise of sea level Influence of the sea has been minimal (Shaped by sub aerial erosion and partly drowned by postglacial rise of sea level. ) SECONDARY - Shaped primarily by marine agencies or by marine organisms. May or may not have been primary coasts before being shaped by marine forces (Reshaping of the coastline by marine forces, primarily wave action. Other erosive forces such as karst erosion may play a role) This again was seen as over simplistic and generalised
  • 16. Davis 1980 Energy produced Coastlines – Though only relatively recent it is beginning to gain credibility because it relates directly to the amount of energy expended by different waves on different environments. HIGH ENERGY ENVIRONMENTS – e.g. destructive waves breaking on shingle beaches LOW ENERGY ENVIRONMENTS – e.g. constructive waves break upon sandy beaches PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS – Where wave action is limited in small sheltered, sea areas.
  • 17. Further Reading http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/morphol.htm Guinness and Nagle (p.293-296) “Advanced Geology Concepts and Cases” Hodder & Stoughton 2005 D. Waugh. (p.148-152) “Geography An Integrated Approach” Nelson 1995 http://www.jfk.herts.sch.uk/north_norfolk/excercises/act1.html http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/bourne.htm