conjunctivitis-mgmt.pptx
- 3. INTRODUCTION The conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelid and the white part of the eyeball(sclera) Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of conjunctiva Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called conjunctivitis, which makes the white of the eye appear red
- 6. DEFINITION Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines the eyelid and covers the white part of the eyeball ⚫When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become inflamed, they're more visible. This is what causes the white of the eyes to appear reddish or pink ⚫Also known as “PINK EYE”
- 9. RISK FACTORS Exposure to something for which the person have an allergy (allergic conjunctivitis) Exposure to someone infected with the viral or bacterial form of conjunctivitis Using contact lenses frequently Microbial infection (Chlamydia), fungus etc.
- 10. CAUSES Viral conjunctivitis – Adenovirus, HSV Bacterial conjunctivitis – Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Chlamydia trachomatis Allergic conjunctivitis - Pollen, perfumes, cosmetics, smoke, dust Chemical conjunctivitis - Acid or alkali's
- 11. TYPES OF CONJUNCTIVITIS Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis: Viral conjunctivitis and bacterial conjunctivitis may affect one or both eyes Viral conjunctivitis usually produces a watery discharge. Bacterial conjunctivitis often produces a thicker, yellow-green discharge Both viral and bacterial conjunctivitis can be associated with colds or with symptoms of a respiratory infection, such as a sore throat
- 12. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis: Both viral and bacterial types are very contagious. They are spread through direct or indirect contact with the eye secretions of someone who's infected Adults and children alike can develop both of these types of pink eye. However, bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in children than it is in adults
- 14. Allergic conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis affects both eyes and is a response to an allergy-causing substance such as pollen Most allergic conjunctivitis can be controlled with allergy eyedrops
- 16. Toxic conjunctivitis Toxic conjunctivitis typically occurs with constant use of topical ocular medications The reaction may take days to years to develop. There also appears to be a dose-response effect with regard to the preservative concentration and total amount of preservative-containing medications used It implies direct damage to ocular tissues from an offending agent, usually a preservative or medication
- 18. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Microbes enter the eye on contact with infected objects Inflammation of the eye Dilatation of blood vessels of eye Swelling, redness, exudates and discharge
- 19. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Tenderness of the eye, or pain (which can be severe in the cases of irritant conjunctivitis) & Swelling of conjunctiva (chemosis) Itchiness Body aches Photophobia Redness of the eye or inner eyelids (hyperemia) Discharge and tear (epiphora)
- 20. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Drooping of upper eye lid Periorbital cellulitis Fever Sore throat Runny nose Swelling of the eyelids Infection usually begins with one eye, but can quickly spread to other eye in cases of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis
- 23. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS History collection Physical examination Culture of secretions Conjunctival scrapes for cytology (rarely done) – detecting chlamydial and fungal infections Conjunctival incisional biopsy
- 25. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT The management of conjunctivitis depends on the type. Most types of mild and viral conjunctivitis are self-limiting, benign conditions that may not require treatment and laboratory procedures
- 26. BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS If the infection is bacterial, the doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops as pink eye treatment, and the infection should go away within several days Antibiotic eye ointment, in place of eye drops, is sometimes prescribed for treating bacterial pink eye in children An ointment is often easier to administer to an infant or young child than are eye drops, though the ointment may blur vision for up to 20 minutes after application
- 27. BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS With either form of medication, expect signs and symptoms to start getting better in a few days Topical antibiotics Fluoroquinolones, sodium sulfacetamide or trimethoprim for 7 to 10 days
- 28. VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS There is no treatment for most cases of viral conjunctivitis. Instead, the virus needs time to run its course — up to two or three weeks Viral conjunctivitis often begins in one eye and then infects the other eye within a few days. The signs and symptoms should gradually clear on their own Antiviral medications may be an option if the doctor determines that the viral conjunctivitis is caused by the HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
- 29. ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS If the irritation is allergic conjunctivitis, the doctor may prescribe one of many different types of eye drops for people with allergies These may include medications that help control allergic reactions, such as antihistamines or drugs that help control inflammation, such as steroids and anti-inflammatory drops The patient may also reduce the severity of allergic conjunctivitis symptoms by avoiding whatever causes the allergies when possible
- 30. LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES Apply a hot compress to the eyes Try eye drops Stop wearing contact lenses Reduce exposure to light Prevent rubbing of the eye Clean the eye using sterile water and cotton swabs, from inner canthus to outer canthus Use of dark sunglasses is advised, in presence of photophobia
- 31. PREVENTION Practice good hygiene to control the spread of pink eye. For instance: Don't touch your eyes with your hands Wash your hands often Use a clean towel and wash cloth daily Don't share towels or washcloths Change your pillow cases often Don’t use eye cosmetics Don't share eye cosmetics or personal eye care items Although pink eye symptoms may resolve in three or four days, children with viral conjunctivitis may be contagious for a week or more. Children may return to school when they no longer experience tearing and redness of eyes