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Cuban Revolution

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Greg Sill
Greg Sill

Jose Marti was a Cuban poet who fought for independence from Spain in the late 1800s. In 1894, he attempted a revolution against Spanish rule but was killed early in the uprising. The insurrection failed and Cuba would not gain independence until after the Spanish-American War of 1898.

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Cuban Revolution
Cuban Independence Jose Marti was a Cuban poet who fought for Cuban Independence from Spanish rule. In 1894, Martí and a handful of fellow exiles attempted to start a revolution. However, Marti was killed in one of the first confrontations of the uprising. The insurrection failed and Cuba would not be free from Spain until after the Spanish- American War of 1898. Jose Marti was a Cuban poet who fought for Cuban Independence from Spanish rule. In 1894, Martí and a handful of fellow exiles attempted to start a revolution. However, Marti was killed in one of the first confrontations of the uprising. The insurrection failed and Cuba would not be free from Spain until after the Spanish- American War of 1898. Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti
“In Cuba, There is no fear of a racial war. Men are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negroes. Cubans are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negros. On the field of battle, dying for Cuba, the souls of Whites and Negros have risen together into the air.” “In Cuba, There is no fear of a racial war. Men are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negroes. Cubans are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negros. On the field of battle, dying for Cuba, the souls of Whites and Negros have risen together into the air.”
Bullfighting or Baseball
Cuban Revolution
Spanish American War  Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898.  Spanish American War – won by United States (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, Philippines)  Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898.  Spanish American War – won by United States (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, Philippines)
Cuban Under the Platt Amendment  The Platt Amendment restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations.  The US retained the right to maintain a naval base on Cuban territory- which they still have to this day, in the form of Guantanamo Bay.  The US retained the right to intervene in Cuba, militarily if necessary.  In the 1900s, Cuba’s wealth was controlled by American companies.  The main businesses in Cuba were sugar and mining companies.  The Platt Amendment restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations.  The US retained the right to maintain a naval base on Cuban territory- which they still have to this day, in the form of Guantanamo Bay.  The US retained the right to intervene in Cuba, militarily if necessary.  In the 1900s, Cuba’s wealth was controlled by American companies.  The main businesses in Cuba were sugar and mining companies. Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti
America’s Playground
Fulgencio BatistaFulgencio Batista  Batista had originally been elected as president, but made himself dictator  Many people were unhappy with his rule:  poverty, education was poor, and healthcare was limited  Batista also cancelled all free elections.  Batista had originally been elected as president, but made himself dictator  Many people were unhappy with his rule:  poverty, education was poor, and healthcare was limited  Batista also cancelled all free elections.
Fidel Castro • Castro attempted to overthrow Batista’s government on July 26, 1953. • His movement failed and he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in jail! • Castro was released in 1955 after only two years and fled to Mexico to put together a new group of rebel fighters. • Castro attempted to overthrow Batista’s government on July 26, 1953. • His movement failed and he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in jail! • Castro was released in 1955 after only two years and fled to Mexico to put together a new group of rebel fighters.
Revolution in the Sierra Maestra Mountains  Fidel Castro met Ernesto “Che” Guevara in a prison in Mexico and together they plotted a revolution in Cuba.  The US originally backed Castro because he promised to make the country a democracy.  Fidel Castro met Ernesto “Che” Guevara in a prison in Mexico and together they plotted a revolution in Cuba.  The US originally backed Castro because he promised to make the country a democracy.
Cuban Revolution •Over the next several years, Castro waged a guerilla war against the Cuban government, gaining widespread support of the Cuban people. •On Jan. 1, 1959, Batista and many of his aides escaped the country. •Celebration overtook the streets of Havana, as Castro’s forces gained control of the city. •Castro triumphantly arrived in Havana and officially became Prime Minister a month later.
Che Guevara Film Clip
"This time the revolution will not be frustrated! This time, fortunately for Cuba, the revolution will achieve its true objective. It will not be like 1898, when the Americans came and made themselves masters of the country." "This time the revolution will not be frustrated! This time, fortunately for Cuba, the revolution will achieve its true objective. It will not be like 1898, when the Americans came and made themselves masters of the country."
Castro’s Government Castro began organizing a communist government right away: developed relationship with USSR.Castro began organizing a communist government right away: developed relationship with USSR. Cubans no longer had the right to protest against the government Cuban newspapers, radio, & TV were shut down, government controlled press churches were closed & property was taken over by government Cubans no longer had the right to protest against the government Cuban newspapers, radio, & TV were shut down, government controlled press churches were closed & property was taken over by government Declared all property belonging to Americans now belonged to the government All farms, factories, & businesses now belonged to the government Declared all property belonging to Americans now belonged to the government All farms, factories, & businesses now belonged to the government
Cuba Vs. US  Castro’s government & the US government did not get along so well.  US did not like having a communist country so close.  Americans who owned land/businesses in Cuba lost their property.  Castro forced American civilians to leave Cuba.  US did not like Cuba being “friends” with the Soviet Union (Cold War…).
The Bay of Pigs Invasion • US did not like having a communist country so close • US designed an invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro. • The plan was to arm Cuban exiles living in Florida. • Once the exiles arrived in Cuba, unhappy Cubans would join them at the Bay of Pigs and overthrow Castro. • US did not like having a communist country so close • US designed an invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro. • The plan was to arm Cuban exiles living in Florida. • Once the exiles arrived in Cuba, unhappy Cubans would join them at the Bay of Pigs and overthrow Castro.
Cuba: Bay of Pigs  The invasion was a disaster because Castro’s forces intercepted the plan and captured the invaders.  No rebellion against Castro occurred, but this sparked a deep mistrust for US.
Cuban Missile Crisis  In October of 1962, US planes spotted secret Soviet missile bases in Cuba.  10/22: President Kennedy announced that the Soviets had placed long- range missiles in Cuba.  Extremely TENSE time… could have led to WWIII Resolution: President Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba and to remove US missiles from Turkey; in return, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba. Resolution: President Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba and to remove US missiles from Turkey; in return, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba.
Cuban Missile Crisis  Results:  A hot line is a direct line of communication between two parties.  A hot line was set up between President Kennedy and the Soviet Premier so that they could contact each other more quickly.  The Limited Test Ban Treaty was agreed upon between US, USSR, and Great Britain to stop above ground testing of nuclear weapons.
Castro’s Impact on Cuba’s Economy  Due to the harsh events, US placed an embargo on goods from Cuba in 1962:  Cuba’s sugar cane crop could no longer be sold in the US, which hurt Cuba’s economy.  It’s still in place today.  As a result of the embargo, poor harvests, and bad government planning, Cuba’s economy has become very poor. President Kennedy signing the bill to place a trade embargo on Cuba…10/23/62 President Kennedy signing the bill to place a trade embargo on Cuba…10/23/62
US-Cuban Relations  In the early 1980s & 1990s, there were periods in which large numbers of Cubans escaped their island for America.  thousands left because Castro would not allow free elections, freedom of speech, freedom of press, etc  1994—now the US only accepts 20,000 immigrants per year • Relations have not improved much over the past 50 years. • There is still an embargo on goods from Cuba.
Raul Castro  After a decline in health, Fidel Castro gave up the Cuban presidency on February 19, 2008. His brother, Raul, is now the Cuban leader.
Castro Resigns…

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Cuban Revolution

  • 2. Cuban Independence Jose Marti was a Cuban poet who fought for Cuban Independence from Spanish rule. In 1894, Martí and a handful of fellow exiles attempted to start a revolution. However, Marti was killed in one of the first confrontations of the uprising. The insurrection failed and Cuba would not be free from Spain until after the Spanish- American War of 1898. Jose Marti was a Cuban poet who fought for Cuban Independence from Spanish rule. In 1894, Martí and a handful of fellow exiles attempted to start a revolution. However, Marti was killed in one of the first confrontations of the uprising. The insurrection failed and Cuba would not be free from Spain until after the Spanish- American War of 1898. Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti
  • 3. “In Cuba, There is no fear of a racial war. Men are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negroes. Cubans are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negros. On the field of battle, dying for Cuba, the souls of Whites and Negros have risen together into the air.” “In Cuba, There is no fear of a racial war. Men are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negroes. Cubans are more than Whites, Mulattos or Negros. On the field of battle, dying for Cuba, the souls of Whites and Negros have risen together into the air.”
  • 6. Spanish American War  Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898.  Spanish American War – won by United States (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, Philippines)  Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898.  Spanish American War – won by United States (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam, Philippines)
  • 7. Cuban Under the Platt Amendment  The Platt Amendment restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations.  The US retained the right to maintain a naval base on Cuban territory- which they still have to this day, in the form of Guantanamo Bay.  The US retained the right to intervene in Cuba, militarily if necessary.  In the 1900s, Cuba’s wealth was controlled by American companies.  The main businesses in Cuba were sugar and mining companies.  The Platt Amendment restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and commercial relations.  The US retained the right to maintain a naval base on Cuban territory- which they still have to this day, in the form of Guantanamo Bay.  The US retained the right to intervene in Cuba, militarily if necessary.  In the 1900s, Cuba’s wealth was controlled by American companies.  The main businesses in Cuba were sugar and mining companies. Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti Father of Cuban Independence, Jose Marti
  • 9. Fulgencio BatistaFulgencio Batista  Batista had originally been elected as president, but made himself dictator  Many people were unhappy with his rule:  poverty, education was poor, and healthcare was limited  Batista also cancelled all free elections.  Batista had originally been elected as president, but made himself dictator  Many people were unhappy with his rule:  poverty, education was poor, and healthcare was limited  Batista also cancelled all free elections.
  • 10. Fidel Castro • Castro attempted to overthrow Batista’s government on July 26, 1953. • His movement failed and he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in jail! • Castro was released in 1955 after only two years and fled to Mexico to put together a new group of rebel fighters. • Castro attempted to overthrow Batista’s government on July 26, 1953. • His movement failed and he was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in jail! • Castro was released in 1955 after only two years and fled to Mexico to put together a new group of rebel fighters.
  • 11. Revolution in the Sierra Maestra Mountains  Fidel Castro met Ernesto “Che” Guevara in a prison in Mexico and together they plotted a revolution in Cuba.  The US originally backed Castro because he promised to make the country a democracy.  Fidel Castro met Ernesto “Che” Guevara in a prison in Mexico and together they plotted a revolution in Cuba.  The US originally backed Castro because he promised to make the country a democracy.
  • 12. Cuban Revolution •Over the next several years, Castro waged a guerilla war against the Cuban government, gaining widespread support of the Cuban people. •On Jan. 1, 1959, Batista and many of his aides escaped the country. •Celebration overtook the streets of Havana, as Castro’s forces gained control of the city. •Castro triumphantly arrived in Havana and officially became Prime Minister a month later.
  • 14. "This time the revolution will not be frustrated! This time, fortunately for Cuba, the revolution will achieve its true objective. It will not be like 1898, when the Americans came and made themselves masters of the country." "This time the revolution will not be frustrated! This time, fortunately for Cuba, the revolution will achieve its true objective. It will not be like 1898, when the Americans came and made themselves masters of the country."
  • 15. Castro’s Government Castro began organizing a communist government right away: developed relationship with USSR.Castro began organizing a communist government right away: developed relationship with USSR. Cubans no longer had the right to protest against the government Cuban newspapers, radio, & TV were shut down, government controlled press churches were closed & property was taken over by government Cubans no longer had the right to protest against the government Cuban newspapers, radio, & TV were shut down, government controlled press churches were closed & property was taken over by government Declared all property belonging to Americans now belonged to the government All farms, factories, & businesses now belonged to the government Declared all property belonging to Americans now belonged to the government All farms, factories, & businesses now belonged to the government
  • 16. Cuba Vs. US  Castro’s government & the US government did not get along so well.  US did not like having a communist country so close.  Americans who owned land/businesses in Cuba lost their property.  Castro forced American civilians to leave Cuba.  US did not like Cuba being “friends” with the Soviet Union (Cold War…).
  • 17. The Bay of Pigs Invasion • US did not like having a communist country so close • US designed an invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro. • The plan was to arm Cuban exiles living in Florida. • Once the exiles arrived in Cuba, unhappy Cubans would join them at the Bay of Pigs and overthrow Castro. • US did not like having a communist country so close • US designed an invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro. • The plan was to arm Cuban exiles living in Florida. • Once the exiles arrived in Cuba, unhappy Cubans would join them at the Bay of Pigs and overthrow Castro.
  • 18. Cuba: Bay of Pigs  The invasion was a disaster because Castro’s forces intercepted the plan and captured the invaders.  No rebellion against Castro occurred, but this sparked a deep mistrust for US.
  • 19. Cuban Missile Crisis  In October of 1962, US planes spotted secret Soviet missile bases in Cuba.  10/22: President Kennedy announced that the Soviets had placed long- range missiles in Cuba.  Extremely TENSE time… could have led to WWIII Resolution: President Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba and to remove US missiles from Turkey; in return, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba. Resolution: President Kennedy agreed not to invade Cuba and to remove US missiles from Turkey; in return, Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles from Cuba.
  • 20. Cuban Missile Crisis  Results:  A hot line is a direct line of communication between two parties.  A hot line was set up between President Kennedy and the Soviet Premier so that they could contact each other more quickly.  The Limited Test Ban Treaty was agreed upon between US, USSR, and Great Britain to stop above ground testing of nuclear weapons.
  • 21. Castro’s Impact on Cuba’s Economy  Due to the harsh events, US placed an embargo on goods from Cuba in 1962:  Cuba’s sugar cane crop could no longer be sold in the US, which hurt Cuba’s economy.  It’s still in place today.  As a result of the embargo, poor harvests, and bad government planning, Cuba’s economy has become very poor. President Kennedy signing the bill to place a trade embargo on Cuba…10/23/62 President Kennedy signing the bill to place a trade embargo on Cuba…10/23/62
  • 22. US-Cuban Relations  In the early 1980s & 1990s, there were periods in which large numbers of Cubans escaped their island for America.  thousands left because Castro would not allow free elections, freedom of speech, freedom of press, etc  1994—now the US only accepts 20,000 immigrants per year • Relations have not improved much over the past 50 years. • There is still an embargo on goods from Cuba.
  • 23. Raul Castro  After a decline in health, Fidel Castro gave up the Cuban presidency on February 19, 2008. His brother, Raul, is now the Cuban leader.