Mini Project, Computer Science Department, College of Engineering Chengannur 2003-2007, Affiliated to Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kerala, India
Artificial neural network for machine learninggrinu
ย
An Artificial Neurol Network (ANN) is a computational model. It is based on the structure and functions of biological neural networks. It works like the way human brain processes information. ANN includes a large number of connected processing units that work together to process information. They also generate meaningful results from it.
This document discusses different types of artificial neural network topologies. It describes feedforward neural networks, including single layer and multilayer feedforward networks. It also describes recurrent neural networks, which differ from feedforward networks in having at least one feedback loop. Single layer networks have an input and output layer, while multilayer networks have one or more hidden layers between the input and output layers. Recurrent networks can learn temporal patterns due to their internal memory capabilities.
The document discusses artificial neural networks (ANNs). It describes ANNs as computing systems composed of interconnected processing elements that mimic the human brain. ANNs can solve complex problems in parallel and are fault tolerant. The key components of an ANN are the input, hidden and output layers. Feedforward and feedback networks are described. Backpropagation is used to train ANNs by adjusting weights and biases based on error. Training can be supervised, unsupervised or reinforced learning. Patterns and batch modes of training are also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to artificial neural networks (ANNs). It defines ANNs as systems inspired by the human brain that are composed of interconnected nodes that can learn relationships from large amounts of data. The document outlines the key components of ANNs, including artificial neurons, weights, biases, and activation functions. It also discusses how ANNs are trained, their advantages like parallel processing and fault tolerance, and applications in areas like pattern recognition, speech recognition, and medical diagnosis. Finally, it acknowledges some disadvantages of ANNs and discusses future areas of development like self-driving cars.
Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Neural NetworksThe Integral Worm
ย
This document summarizes artificial neural networks (ANN), which were inspired by biological neural networks in the human brain. ANNs consist of interconnected computational units that emulate neurons and pass signals to other units through connections with variable weights. ANNs are arranged in layers and learn by modifying the weights between units based on input and output data to minimize error. Common ANN algorithms include backpropagation for supervised learning to predict outputs from inputs.
The document provides an introduction to neural networks, including:
- Biological neural networks transmit signals via neurons connected by synapses and axons.
- Artificial neural networks are composed of simple processing elements (neurons) that operate in parallel and are determined by network structure and connection strengths (weights).
- Multilayer neural networks consist of an input layer, hidden layers, and output layer connected by weights to solve complex problems. Learning involves updating weights so the network can efficiently perform tasks.
This document provides an introduction to artificial neural networks. It discusses biological neurons and how artificial neurons are modeled. The key components of a neural network including the network architecture, learning approaches, and the backpropagation algorithm for supervised learning are described. Applications and advantages of neural networks are also mentioned. Neural networks are modeled after the human brain and learn by modifying connection weights between nodes based on examples.
Artificial neural network for machine learninggrinu
ย
An Artificial Neurol Network (ANN) is a computational model. It is based on the structure and functions of biological neural networks. It works like the way human brain processes information. ANN includes a large number of connected processing units that work together to process information. They also generate meaningful results from it.
This document discusses different types of artificial neural network topologies. It describes feedforward neural networks, including single layer and multilayer feedforward networks. It also describes recurrent neural networks, which differ from feedforward networks in having at least one feedback loop. Single layer networks have an input and output layer, while multilayer networks have one or more hidden layers between the input and output layers. Recurrent networks can learn temporal patterns due to their internal memory capabilities.
The document discusses artificial neural networks (ANNs). It describes ANNs as computing systems composed of interconnected processing elements that mimic the human brain. ANNs can solve complex problems in parallel and are fault tolerant. The key components of an ANN are the input, hidden and output layers. Feedforward and feedback networks are described. Backpropagation is used to train ANNs by adjusting weights and biases based on error. Training can be supervised, unsupervised or reinforced learning. Patterns and batch modes of training are also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to artificial neural networks (ANNs). It defines ANNs as systems inspired by the human brain that are composed of interconnected nodes that can learn relationships from large amounts of data. The document outlines the key components of ANNs, including artificial neurons, weights, biases, and activation functions. It also discusses how ANNs are trained, their advantages like parallel processing and fault tolerance, and applications in areas like pattern recognition, speech recognition, and medical diagnosis. Finally, it acknowledges some disadvantages of ANNs and discusses future areas of development like self-driving cars.
Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Neural NetworksThe Integral Worm
ย
This document summarizes artificial neural networks (ANN), which were inspired by biological neural networks in the human brain. ANNs consist of interconnected computational units that emulate neurons and pass signals to other units through connections with variable weights. ANNs are arranged in layers and learn by modifying the weights between units based on input and output data to minimize error. Common ANN algorithms include backpropagation for supervised learning to predict outputs from inputs.
The document provides an introduction to neural networks, including:
- Biological neural networks transmit signals via neurons connected by synapses and axons.
- Artificial neural networks are composed of simple processing elements (neurons) that operate in parallel and are determined by network structure and connection strengths (weights).
- Multilayer neural networks consist of an input layer, hidden layers, and output layer connected by weights to solve complex problems. Learning involves updating weights so the network can efficiently perform tasks.
This document provides an introduction to artificial neural networks. It discusses biological neurons and how artificial neurons are modeled. The key components of a neural network including the network architecture, learning approaches, and the backpropagation algorithm for supervised learning are described. Applications and advantages of neural networks are also mentioned. Neural networks are modeled after the human brain and learn by modifying connection weights between nodes based on examples.
Neural networks are computing systems inspired by biological neural networks in the brain. They are composed of interconnected artificial neurons that process information using a connectionist approach. Neural networks can be used for applications like pattern recognition, classification, prediction, and filtering. They have the ability to learn from and recognize patterns in data, allowing them to perform complex tasks. Some examples of neural network applications discussed include face recognition, handwritten digit recognition, fingerprint recognition, medical diagnosis, and more.
Artificial neural networks are a form of artificial intelligence inspired by biological neural networks. They are composed of interconnected processing units that can learn patterns from data through training. Neural networks are well-suited for tasks like pattern recognition, classification, and prediction. They learn by example without being explicitly programmed, similarly to how the human brain learns.
This document discusses using artificial neural networks for image compression and decompression. It begins with an introduction explaining the need for image compression due to large file sizes. It then describes biologically inspired neurons and artificial neural networks. The document outlines the backpropagation algorithm, various compression techniques, and how neural networks were implemented in MATLAB and on an FPGA board for this project. It discusses the advantages of neural networks for this application, some disadvantages, and examples of applications. In conclusion, it states that the design was successfully implemented on an FPGA board and input and output values were similar, showing the neural network approach works for image compression.
1. Machine learning involves developing algorithms that can learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. 2. Neural networks are a type of machine learning algorithm inspired by the human brain that can perform both supervised and unsupervised learning tasks. 3. Supervised learning involves using labeled training data to infer a function that maps inputs to outputs, while unsupervised learning involves discovering hidden patterns in unlabeled data through techniques like clustering.
Neural networks can be biological models of the brain or artificial models created through software and hardware. The human brain consists of interconnected neurons that transmit signals through connections called synapses. Artificial neural networks aim to mimic this structure using simple processing units called nodes that are connected by weighted links. A feed-forward neural network passes information in one direction from input to output nodes through hidden layers. Backpropagation is a common supervised learning method that uses gradient descent to minimize error by calculating error terms and adjusting weights between layers in the network backwards from output to input. Neural networks have been applied successfully to problems like speech recognition, character recognition, and autonomous vehicle navigation.
This document provides an overview of neural networks. It discusses that artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by the human nervous system. ANNs are composed of interconnected processing units (neurons) that learn by example. There are typically three layers in a neural network: an input layer, hidden layers that process inputs, and an output layer. Neural networks can learn complex patterns and are used for applications like pattern recognition. The document also describes how biological neurons function and the key components of artificial neurons and neural network models. It explains different learning methods for neural networks including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANNs). It defines ANNs as systems loosely modeled after the human brain that are able to learn from experience to improve performance. ANNs can be used for functions like classification, clustering, prediction, and function approximation. The document discusses the basic structure of biological neurons and ANNs, including different connection types, topologies, and learning methods. It also compares key similarities and differences between computers and the human brain.
Artificial Neural Network Paper Presentationguestac67362
ย
The document provides an introduction to artificial neural networks. It discusses how neural networks are designed to mimic the human brain by using interconnected processing elements like neurons. The key aspects covered are:
- Neural networks can perform tasks like pattern recognition that are difficult for traditional algorithms.
- They are composed of interconnected nodes that transmit scalar messages to each other via weighted connections like synapses.
- Neural networks are trained by presenting examples, allowing the weighted connections to adjust until the network produces the desired output for each input.
The document provides an overview of perceptrons and neural networks. It discusses how neural networks are modeled after the human brain and consist of interconnected artificial neurons. The key aspects covered include the McCulloch-Pitts neuron model, Rosenblatt's perceptron, different types of learning (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement), the backpropagation algorithm, and applications of neural networks such as pattern recognition and machine translation.
Artificial neural networks and its applicationHฦฐng ฤแบทng
ย
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are non-linear data driven approaches that can identify patterns in complex data. ANNs imitate the human brain in learning from examples rather than being explicitly programmed. There are various types of ANN architectures, but feedforward and recurrent networks are most common. ANNs have been successfully applied to problems in diverse domains, including classification, prediction, and modeling where relationships are unknown. Developing an effective ANN model requires selecting variables, dividing data into training/testing/validation sets, determining network architecture, evaluating performance, and training the network through iterative adjustment of weights.
Artificial neural network model & hidden layers in multilayer artificial neur...Muhammad Ishaq
ย
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by biological neural networks. ANNs can process large amounts of inputs to learn from data in a way similar to the human brain. There are different types of ANN architectures including single layer feedforward networks, multilayer feedforward networks, and recurrent networks. ANNs use supervised, unsupervised, or reinforced learning. The backpropagation algorithm is commonly used for training multilayer networks by propagating errors backwards from the output to adjust weights. Developing an ANN application involves collecting data, separating it into training and testing sets, designing the network architecture, initializing parameters/weights, transforming data, training the network using an algorithm like backpropagation, testing performance on new data, and
introduction to deep Learning with full detailsonykhan3
ย
1. Deep learning involves using neural networks with multiple hidden layers to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction.
2. These neural networks are able to learn increasingly complex features from the input data as the number of layers increases. The layers closer to the input learn simpler features while layers further from the input learn complex patterns in the data.
3. A breakthrough in deep learning was developing algorithms that can successfully train deep neural networks by unsupervised learning on each layer before using the learned features for supervised learning on the final layer. This pretraining helps the network learn useful internal representations.
Artificial neural network are the mathematical inventions motivated by observation made in study of biological system, through loosely founded on the actual biology. An artificial neural network can be defined as mapping an input space to output space. This concept is analogous to that of mathematical function. The purpose of neural network is to map an input into desired output. Such a model has three simple sets of rules: multiplication, summation and activation. At the entrance of artificial neuron the inputs are weighted that means that every input value is multiplied with individual weight.
This document outlines topics on error backpropagation training algorithms, Kohonen self-organizing maps, and Hopfield neural networks. It then lists several applications of artificial neural networks, including statistical pattern recognition, control of robotics and industrial processes, automatic synthesis of digital systems, adaptive telecommunications, image compression, radar classification, optimization problems, sentence understanding, and applying expertise to conceptual domains.
Neural networks are mathematical models inspired by biological neural networks. They are useful for pattern recognition and data classification through a learning process of adjusting synaptic connections between neurons. A neural network maps input nodes to output nodes through an arbitrary number of hidden nodes. It is trained by presenting examples to adjust weights using methods like backpropagation to minimize error between actual and predicted outputs. Neural networks have advantages like noise tolerance and not requiring assumptions about data distributions. They have applications in finance, marketing, and other fields, though designing optimal network topology can be challenging.
Artificial neural networks and its applications PoojaKoshti2
ย
This presentation provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANN), including what they are, how they work, different types, and applications. It defines ANN as biologically inspired simulations used for tasks like clustering, classification, and pattern recognition. The presentation explains that ANN learn by processing information in parallel through nodes and weighted connections, similar to the human brain. It also outlines various ANN architectures, such as perceptrons, recurrent networks, and convolutional networks. Finally, the presentation discusses common applications of ANN in domains like process control, medical diagnosis, and targeted marketing.
- The document introduces artificial neural networks, which aim to mimic the structure and functions of the human brain.
- It describes the basic components of artificial neurons and how they are modeled after biological neurons. It also explains different types of neural network architectures.
- The document discusses supervised and unsupervised learning in neural networks. It provides details on the backpropagation algorithm, a commonly used method for training multilayer feedforward neural networks using gradient descent.
The document discusses neural networks, including human neural networks and artificial neural networks (ANNs). It provides details on the key components of ANNs, such as the perceptron and backpropagation algorithm. ANNs are inspired by biological neural systems and are used for applications like pattern recognition, time series prediction, and control systems. The document also outlines some current uses of neural networks in areas like signal processing, anomaly detection, and soft sensors.
The document discusses artificial neural networks and their application to cryptography. It begins by explaining that artificial neural networks are designed to model the way the brain performs tasks in a massively parallel manner. It then provides details on the basic structure of artificial neural networks, including processing units, weighted connections, and learning rules. The document next discusses using artificial neural networks for cryptography, including implementing a sequential machine with a Jordan network for encryption/decryption and using a chaotic neural network to encrypt digital signals in a secure manner. It concludes that artificial neural networks provide a novel approach for encrypting and decrypting data.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are modeled after the human brain and are useful for problems involving vision, speech recognition, and other tasks brains are good at. They consist of interconnected nodes that receive and process input signals to produce an output. While ANNs have been studied since the 1940s, the development of the backpropagation algorithm in 1986 allowed networks with many layers, or "deep" networks, to be trained effectively, leading to recent advances in deep learning.
Neural Networks in the Wild: Handwriting RecognitionJohn Liu
ย
Demonstration of linear and neural network classification methods for the problem of offline handwriting recognition using the NIST SD19 Dataset. Tutorial on building neural networks in Pylearn2 without YAML. iPython notebook located at nbviewer.ipython.org/github/guard0g/HandwritingRecognition/tree/master/Handwriting%20Recognition%20Workbook.ipynb
The presentation will describe an algorithm through which one can recognize Devanagari Characters. Devanagari is the script in which Hindi is represented. This algorithm
could automatically segment character from the image of Devenagari text and then recognize them.
For extracting the individual characters from the image of Devanagari text, algorithm segmented the image several
times using the vertical and horizontal projection.
The algorithm starts with first segmenting the lines separately from the document by taking horizontal projection and then the line
into words by taking vertical projection of the line. Another step which is particular to the separation of
Devanagari characters was required and was done by first removing the header line by finding horizontal projection
of each word. The characters can then be extracted by vertical projection of the word without the header line.
Algorithm uses a Kohonen Neural Netowrk for the recognition task. After the separation of the characters from the
image, the image matrix was then downsampled to bring it down to a fixed size so as to make the recognition
size independent. The matrix can then be fed as input neurons to the Kohonen Neural Network and the winning neuron is
found which identifies the recognized the character. This information in Kohonen Neural Network was stored
earlier during the training phase of the neural network. For this, we first assigned random weights from input neurons
to output neurons and then for each training set, the winning neuron was calculated by finding the maximum
output produced by the neurons. The wights for this winning neuron were then adjusted so that it responds to this
pattern more strongly the next time.
Neural networks are computing systems inspired by biological neural networks in the brain. They are composed of interconnected artificial neurons that process information using a connectionist approach. Neural networks can be used for applications like pattern recognition, classification, prediction, and filtering. They have the ability to learn from and recognize patterns in data, allowing them to perform complex tasks. Some examples of neural network applications discussed include face recognition, handwritten digit recognition, fingerprint recognition, medical diagnosis, and more.
Artificial neural networks are a form of artificial intelligence inspired by biological neural networks. They are composed of interconnected processing units that can learn patterns from data through training. Neural networks are well-suited for tasks like pattern recognition, classification, and prediction. They learn by example without being explicitly programmed, similarly to how the human brain learns.
This document discusses using artificial neural networks for image compression and decompression. It begins with an introduction explaining the need for image compression due to large file sizes. It then describes biologically inspired neurons and artificial neural networks. The document outlines the backpropagation algorithm, various compression techniques, and how neural networks were implemented in MATLAB and on an FPGA board for this project. It discusses the advantages of neural networks for this application, some disadvantages, and examples of applications. In conclusion, it states that the design was successfully implemented on an FPGA board and input and output values were similar, showing the neural network approach works for image compression.
1. Machine learning involves developing algorithms that can learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. 2. Neural networks are a type of machine learning algorithm inspired by the human brain that can perform both supervised and unsupervised learning tasks. 3. Supervised learning involves using labeled training data to infer a function that maps inputs to outputs, while unsupervised learning involves discovering hidden patterns in unlabeled data through techniques like clustering.
Neural networks can be biological models of the brain or artificial models created through software and hardware. The human brain consists of interconnected neurons that transmit signals through connections called synapses. Artificial neural networks aim to mimic this structure using simple processing units called nodes that are connected by weighted links. A feed-forward neural network passes information in one direction from input to output nodes through hidden layers. Backpropagation is a common supervised learning method that uses gradient descent to minimize error by calculating error terms and adjusting weights between layers in the network backwards from output to input. Neural networks have been applied successfully to problems like speech recognition, character recognition, and autonomous vehicle navigation.
This document provides an overview of neural networks. It discusses that artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by the human nervous system. ANNs are composed of interconnected processing units (neurons) that learn by example. There are typically three layers in a neural network: an input layer, hidden layers that process inputs, and an output layer. Neural networks can learn complex patterns and are used for applications like pattern recognition. The document also describes how biological neurons function and the key components of artificial neurons and neural network models. It explains different learning methods for neural networks including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning.
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANNs). It defines ANNs as systems loosely modeled after the human brain that are able to learn from experience to improve performance. ANNs can be used for functions like classification, clustering, prediction, and function approximation. The document discusses the basic structure of biological neurons and ANNs, including different connection types, topologies, and learning methods. It also compares key similarities and differences between computers and the human brain.
Artificial Neural Network Paper Presentationguestac67362
ย
The document provides an introduction to artificial neural networks. It discusses how neural networks are designed to mimic the human brain by using interconnected processing elements like neurons. The key aspects covered are:
- Neural networks can perform tasks like pattern recognition that are difficult for traditional algorithms.
- They are composed of interconnected nodes that transmit scalar messages to each other via weighted connections like synapses.
- Neural networks are trained by presenting examples, allowing the weighted connections to adjust until the network produces the desired output for each input.
The document provides an overview of perceptrons and neural networks. It discusses how neural networks are modeled after the human brain and consist of interconnected artificial neurons. The key aspects covered include the McCulloch-Pitts neuron model, Rosenblatt's perceptron, different types of learning (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement), the backpropagation algorithm, and applications of neural networks such as pattern recognition and machine translation.
Artificial neural networks and its applicationHฦฐng ฤแบทng
ย
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are non-linear data driven approaches that can identify patterns in complex data. ANNs imitate the human brain in learning from examples rather than being explicitly programmed. There are various types of ANN architectures, but feedforward and recurrent networks are most common. ANNs have been successfully applied to problems in diverse domains, including classification, prediction, and modeling where relationships are unknown. Developing an effective ANN model requires selecting variables, dividing data into training/testing/validation sets, determining network architecture, evaluating performance, and training the network through iterative adjustment of weights.
Artificial neural network model & hidden layers in multilayer artificial neur...Muhammad Ishaq
ย
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by biological neural networks. ANNs can process large amounts of inputs to learn from data in a way similar to the human brain. There are different types of ANN architectures including single layer feedforward networks, multilayer feedforward networks, and recurrent networks. ANNs use supervised, unsupervised, or reinforced learning. The backpropagation algorithm is commonly used for training multilayer networks by propagating errors backwards from the output to adjust weights. Developing an ANN application involves collecting data, separating it into training and testing sets, designing the network architecture, initializing parameters/weights, transforming data, training the network using an algorithm like backpropagation, testing performance on new data, and
introduction to deep Learning with full detailsonykhan3
ย
1. Deep learning involves using neural networks with multiple hidden layers to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction.
2. These neural networks are able to learn increasingly complex features from the input data as the number of layers increases. The layers closer to the input learn simpler features while layers further from the input learn complex patterns in the data.
3. A breakthrough in deep learning was developing algorithms that can successfully train deep neural networks by unsupervised learning on each layer before using the learned features for supervised learning on the final layer. This pretraining helps the network learn useful internal representations.
Artificial neural network are the mathematical inventions motivated by observation made in study of biological system, through loosely founded on the actual biology. An artificial neural network can be defined as mapping an input space to output space. This concept is analogous to that of mathematical function. The purpose of neural network is to map an input into desired output. Such a model has three simple sets of rules: multiplication, summation and activation. At the entrance of artificial neuron the inputs are weighted that means that every input value is multiplied with individual weight.
This document outlines topics on error backpropagation training algorithms, Kohonen self-organizing maps, and Hopfield neural networks. It then lists several applications of artificial neural networks, including statistical pattern recognition, control of robotics and industrial processes, automatic synthesis of digital systems, adaptive telecommunications, image compression, radar classification, optimization problems, sentence understanding, and applying expertise to conceptual domains.
Neural networks are mathematical models inspired by biological neural networks. They are useful for pattern recognition and data classification through a learning process of adjusting synaptic connections between neurons. A neural network maps input nodes to output nodes through an arbitrary number of hidden nodes. It is trained by presenting examples to adjust weights using methods like backpropagation to minimize error between actual and predicted outputs. Neural networks have advantages like noise tolerance and not requiring assumptions about data distributions. They have applications in finance, marketing, and other fields, though designing optimal network topology can be challenging.
Artificial neural networks and its applications PoojaKoshti2
ย
This presentation provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANN), including what they are, how they work, different types, and applications. It defines ANN as biologically inspired simulations used for tasks like clustering, classification, and pattern recognition. The presentation explains that ANN learn by processing information in parallel through nodes and weighted connections, similar to the human brain. It also outlines various ANN architectures, such as perceptrons, recurrent networks, and convolutional networks. Finally, the presentation discusses common applications of ANN in domains like process control, medical diagnosis, and targeted marketing.
- The document introduces artificial neural networks, which aim to mimic the structure and functions of the human brain.
- It describes the basic components of artificial neurons and how they are modeled after biological neurons. It also explains different types of neural network architectures.
- The document discusses supervised and unsupervised learning in neural networks. It provides details on the backpropagation algorithm, a commonly used method for training multilayer feedforward neural networks using gradient descent.
The document discusses neural networks, including human neural networks and artificial neural networks (ANNs). It provides details on the key components of ANNs, such as the perceptron and backpropagation algorithm. ANNs are inspired by biological neural systems and are used for applications like pattern recognition, time series prediction, and control systems. The document also outlines some current uses of neural networks in areas like signal processing, anomaly detection, and soft sensors.
The document discusses artificial neural networks and their application to cryptography. It begins by explaining that artificial neural networks are designed to model the way the brain performs tasks in a massively parallel manner. It then provides details on the basic structure of artificial neural networks, including processing units, weighted connections, and learning rules. The document next discusses using artificial neural networks for cryptography, including implementing a sequential machine with a Jordan network for encryption/decryption and using a chaotic neural network to encrypt digital signals in a secure manner. It concludes that artificial neural networks provide a novel approach for encrypting and decrypting data.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are modeled after the human brain and are useful for problems involving vision, speech recognition, and other tasks brains are good at. They consist of interconnected nodes that receive and process input signals to produce an output. While ANNs have been studied since the 1940s, the development of the backpropagation algorithm in 1986 allowed networks with many layers, or "deep" networks, to be trained effectively, leading to recent advances in deep learning.
Neural Networks in the Wild: Handwriting RecognitionJohn Liu
ย
Demonstration of linear and neural network classification methods for the problem of offline handwriting recognition using the NIST SD19 Dataset. Tutorial on building neural networks in Pylearn2 without YAML. iPython notebook located at nbviewer.ipython.org/github/guard0g/HandwritingRecognition/tree/master/Handwriting%20Recognition%20Workbook.ipynb
The presentation will describe an algorithm through which one can recognize Devanagari Characters. Devanagari is the script in which Hindi is represented. This algorithm
could automatically segment character from the image of Devenagari text and then recognize them.
For extracting the individual characters from the image of Devanagari text, algorithm segmented the image several
times using the vertical and horizontal projection.
The algorithm starts with first segmenting the lines separately from the document by taking horizontal projection and then the line
into words by taking vertical projection of the line. Another step which is particular to the separation of
Devanagari characters was required and was done by first removing the header line by finding horizontal projection
of each word. The characters can then be extracted by vertical projection of the word without the header line.
Algorithm uses a Kohonen Neural Netowrk for the recognition task. After the separation of the characters from the
image, the image matrix was then downsampled to bring it down to a fixed size so as to make the recognition
size independent. The matrix can then be fed as input neurons to the Kohonen Neural Network and the winning neuron is
found which identifies the recognized the character. This information in Kohonen Neural Network was stored
earlier during the training phase of the neural network. For this, we first assigned random weights from input neurons
to output neurons and then for each training set, the winning neuron was calculated by finding the maximum
output produced by the neurons. The wights for this winning neuron were then adjusted so that it responds to this
pattern more strongly the next time.
Artificial Neural Network / Hand written character RecognitionDr. Uday Saikia
ย
1. Overview
2.Development of System
3.GCR Model
4.Proposed model
5.Back ground Information
6. Preprocessing
7.Architecture
8.ANN(Artificial Neural Network)
9.How the Human Brain Learns?
10.Synapse
11.The Neuron Model
12.A typical Feed-forward neural network model
13.The neural Network
14.Training of characters using neural networks
15.Regression of trained neural networks
16.Training state of neural networks
17.Graphical user interfaceโฆ.
Artificial Neural Network For Recognition Of Handwritten Devanagari CharacterIOSR Journals
ย
1) The document discusses recognizing handwritten Devanagari characters using artificial neural networks and zone-based feature extraction.
2) It proposes extracting features from images by dividing them into zones and calculating average pixel distances to the image and zone centroids.
3) This zone-based feature vector is then input to a feedforward neural network for character recognition.
This document describes a technique for Sinhala handwritten character recognition using feature extraction and an artificial neural network. The methodology includes preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction based on character geometry, and classification using an ANN. Features like starters, intersections, and zoning are extracted from segmented characters. The ANN was trained on these feature vectors and tested on 170 characters, achieving an accuracy of 82.1%. While the technique showed some success, the author notes room for improvement, such as making the system more font-independent and improving feature extraction and character separation.
On-line handwriting recognition involves converting handwriting as it is written on a digitizer to digital text, while off-line recognition converts static images of handwriting. Both techniques face challenges from variability in handwriting styles. Current methods use feature extraction and neural networks, but do not match human-level recognition abilities. Handwriting recognition remains an important but difficult area of research.
Hand Written Character Recognition Using Neural Networks Chiranjeevi Adi
ย
This document discusses a project to develop a handwritten character recognition system using a neural network. It will take handwritten English characters as input and recognize the patterns using a trained neural network. The system aims to recognize individual characters as well as classify them into groups. It will first preprocess, segment, extract features from, and then classify the input characters using the neural network. The document reviews several existing approaches to handwritten character recognition and the use of gradient and edge-based feature extraction with neural networks. It defines the objectives and methods for the proposed system, which will involve preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification/recognition steps. Finally, it outlines the hardware and software requirements to implement the system as a MATLAB application.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is the conversion of images of typed or printed text into machine-encoded text. The document discusses OCR including defining it, describing its problem overview, types, steps in the OCR process like pre-processing and character recognition, accuracy considerations, use of free OCR software, pros and cons, and areas for further research like improving recognition of cursive text.
The document discusses artificial neural networks and classification using backpropagation, describing neural networks as sets of connected input and output units where each connection has an associated weight. It explains backpropagation as a neural network learning algorithm that trains networks by adjusting weights to correctly predict the class label of input data, and how multi-layer feed-forward neural networks can be used for classification by propagating inputs through hidden layers to generate outputs.
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks and their application as a model of the human brain. It discusses the biological neuron, different types of neural networks including feedforward, feedback, time delay, and recurrent networks. It also covers topics like learning in perceptrons, training algorithms, applications of neural networks, and references key concepts like connectionism, associative memory, and massive parallelism in the brain.
An artificial neural network is a mathematical model that maps inputs to outputs. It consists of an input layer, hidden layers, and an output layer connected by weights and biases. Activation functions determine the output of each node. Training a neural network involves adjusting the weights and biases through backpropagation to minimize a loss function and improve predictions based on the input data. Feedforward involves calculating predictions, while backpropagation calculates gradients to update weights and biases through gradient descent.
This document provides instructions for three exercises using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in Matlab: function fitting, pattern recognition, and clustering. It begins with background on ANNs including their structure, learning rules, training process, and common architectures. The exercises then guide using ANNs in Matlab for regression to predict house prices from data, classification of tumors as benign or malignant, and clustering of data. Instructions include loading data, creating and training networks, and evaluating results using both the GUI and command line. Improving results through retraining or adding neurons is also discussed.
This lecture is about NEURAL NETWORKS WITH โRโ. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) that starting from the mechanisms regulating natural neural networks, plan to simulate human thinking. The discipline of ANN arose from the thought of mimicking the functioning of the same human brain that was trying to solve the problem. The Machine learning is a branch of AI which helps computers to program themselves based on the input data.
In this regard, Machine learning gives AI the ability to do data-based problem solving. This lecture shows applications.
Artificial Neural Networks ppt.pptx for final sem cseNaveenBhajantri1
ย
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks. It discusses the biological inspiration from neurons in the brain and how artificial neural networks mimic this structure. The key components of artificial neurons and various network architectures are described, including fully connected, layered, feedforward, and modular networks. Supervised and unsupervised learning approaches are covered, with backpropagation highlighted as a commonly used supervised algorithm. Applications of neural networks are mentioned in areas like medicine, business, marketing and credit evaluation. Advantages include the ability to handle complex nonlinear problems and noisy data.
An artificial neural network (ANN) is the piece of a computing system designed to simulate the way the human brain analyzes and processes information. It is the foundation of artificial intelligence (AI) and solves problems that would prove impossible or difficult by human or statistical standards. ANNs have self-learning capabilities that enable them to produce better results as more data becomes available.
This document discusses artificial neural networks (ANNs) and how they are inspired by biological neural networks in the human brain. It provides details on the basic components of biological neurons (dendrites, soma, axon, synapses) and how ANNs attempt to mimic this structure. The document then describes some key aspects of ANNs, including activation functions like sigmoid, tanh, ReLU, and how neural networks work by taking input values, applying weights and an activation function, and producing an output. It focuses on ANNs for problems like regression and classification.
Towards neuralprocessingofgeneralpurposeapproximateprogramsParidha Saxena
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Did validation of one of the machine learning algorithms of neural networks,and compared the results for its implementation on hardware (FPGA) using xilinx, with that of a sequential code execution(using FANN).
The document discusses using neural networks to accelerate general purpose programs through approximate computing. It describes generating training data from programs, using this data to train neural networks, and then running the neural networks at runtime instead of the original programs. Experimental results show the neural network implementations provided speedups of 10-900% compared to the original programs with minimal loss of accuracy. An FPGA implementation of the neural networks was also able to achieve further acceleration, running a network 4x faster than software.
The document discusses different types of machine learning paradigms including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. It then provides details on artificial neural networks, describing them as consisting of simple processing units that communicate through weighted connections, similar to neurons in the human brain. The document outlines key aspects of artificial neural networks like processing units, connections between units, propagation rules, and learning methods.
This document provides an overview of autoencoders and their use in unsupervised learning for deep neural networks. It discusses the history and development of neural networks, including early work in the 1940s-1980s and more recent advances in deep learning. It then explains how autoencoders work by setting the target values equal to the inputs, describes variants like denoising autoencoders, and how stacking autoencoders can create deep architectures for tasks like document retrieval, facial recognition, and signal denoising.
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Classification by back propagation, multi layered feed forward neural network...bihira aggrey
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Classification by Back Propagation, Multi-layered feed forward Neural Networks - Provides a basic introduction of classification in data mining with neural networks
The document describes a multilayer neural network presentation. It discusses key concepts of neural networks including their architecture, types of neural networks, and backpropagation. The key points are:
1) Neural networks are composed of interconnected processing units (neurons) that can learn relationships in data through training. They are inspired by biological neural systems.
2) Common network architectures include multilayer perceptrons and recurrent networks. Backpropagation is commonly used to train multilayer feedforward networks by propagating errors backwards.
3) Neural networks have advantages like the ability to model complex nonlinear relationships, adapt to new data, and extract patterns from imperfect data. They are well-suited for problems like classification.
An ANN depends on an assortment of associated units or hubs called fake neurons, which freely model the neurons in an organic cerebrum. Every association, similar to the neurotransmitters in an organic cerebrum, can send a sign to different neurons. A counterfeit neuron that gets a sign at that point measures it and can flag neurons associated with it.
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANNs). It discusses how ANNs are inspired by biological neural networks and are composed of interconnected nodes that mimic neurons. ANNs use a learning process to update synaptic connection weights between nodes based on training data to perform tasks like pattern recognition. The document outlines the history of ANNs and covers popular applications. It also describes common ANN properties, architectures, and the backpropagation algorithm used for training multilayer networks.
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This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANNs). It discusses how ANNs are inspired by biological neural networks and are composed of interconnected nodes that mimic neurons. ANNs use a learning process to update synaptic connection weights between nodes based on training data to perform tasks like pattern recognition. The document outlines the history of ANNs and covers popular applications. It also describes common ANN properties, architectures, and the backpropagation algorithm used for training multilayer networks.
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The document provides an annual report from 2011 for the IEEE Kerala Section and its student branch organization called LINK. It summarizes LINK's activities that year, including coordinating numerous student events and competitions. It also lists many awards and accomplishments of various student branches, such as conference papers published and prizes won. Charts and statistics show growth in student membership and branches over time. The report outlines new initiatives by LINK in 2011 to further engage students, such as a humanitarian technology contest and online management tools.
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง 2)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ฎ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ง๐๐ญ:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
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View the webinar here: https://www.infosecinstitute.com/webinar/stay-relevant-cyber-professional/
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Join this webinar to learn:
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Environmental science for Degree ,Engineering and pharmacy background.you can learn about multidisciplinary of nature and Natural resources with notes, examples and studies.
1.What is environmental science and components of environmental science
2. Explain about multidisciplinary of nature.
3. Explain about natural resources and its types
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง 3)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
2. AIM
๏ฌ To create an ADALINE neural network
๏ฌ Specific Application โ Recognize trained
characters in a given matrix grid
๏ฌ Develop object oriented programming skill
4. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
๏ฌ An information-processing system that has certain performance
characteristics in common with biological neural networks.
๏ฌ Information processing occurs at many simple elements called
neurons.
๏ฌ Each connection link has an associated weight, which, in an
ANN multiplies the signal transmitted.
๏ฌ Each neuron applies an activation function (usually nonlinear)
to its net input (sum of weighted signals) to determine its output
signal.
7. SOME COMMON ANN MODELS
๏ฌ McCulloch-Pitts Model
๏ฌ Perceptron
๏ฌ ADALINE (Adaptive Linear Neuron)
๏ฌ MADALINE (Many ADALINE)
8. THE ADALINE
The ADALINE (Adaptive Linear Neuron) [ Widrow & Hoff,
1960] typically uses bipolar (1 or -1) activations for its input
signals and its target output. The weights on the
connections from the input unit to the ADALINE are
adjusted. The ADALINE also has a bias, which acts like an
adjustable weight on a connection from a unit whose
activation is always 1.
In general, an ADALINE can be trained using the delta rule
also known as Least Mean Squares (LMS) or Widrow-Hoff
Rule.
9. THE ADALINE - Architecture
Architecture of an ADALINE
10. ADALINE - Algorithm
Step 0: Initialize weights
Set Learning rate
Step 1: While Stopping condition is false,
do steps 2-6
Step 2: For each bipolar training pair s:t,
do steps 3-5
Step3: Set activations of input units, i=1,โฆ..,n;
Xi=Si
Step 4: Compute net input to output unit;
y_in = b + sigma i Xi Wi
Step 5: Update weights, i=1,โฆ.,n ;
Wi (new) = Wi (old) + alpha (t-y_in)Xi
Step 6: Test for stopping Condition;
If the largest weight change that occurred in step 2 is smaller than
a specified tolerance, then stop; Otherwise continue
13. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
The design of the neural network we call
โNeurotron v1.0โ involves five stages.
๏ฌ Implementing the structure
๏ฌ Training the Artificial Neural Network
๏ฌ Getting the input to the network
๏ฌ Processing the data using the ADALINE
Network
๏ฌ Displaying the output.
14. Implementing the structure
โ A single layer, feed forward, fully connected
network is designed and implemented using
neuron and network objects.
โ It contains 72 (9x8) input neurons and a bias term
โ It contains 8 output neurons to represent the
ASCII code of the recognized alphabet in binary.
โ It contains a total of 73x8=584 connections and
weights.
15. Training the ANN
๏ฌ The ANN is trained using the Delta Rule
mentioned earlier.
๏ฌ The initial weights are random numbers
between -0.5 and +0.5
๏ฌ It is currently trained for 70 characters
including 58 โAโs and one set of โBโ to โLโ.
๏ฌ The input is given in a 9x8 matrix of 1โs and
0โs.
17. GETTING THE INPUT TO THE
NETWORK
๏ฌ Input is received on a Black and white grid by
mouse clicks
18. PROCESSING THE DATA
๏ฌ The Neurotron v1.0 loads the input,
propagates the network and calculates and
displays the output on clicking the generate
button in the GUI.
19. 5 DISPLAYING THE OUTPUT
๏ฌ The output is displayed in the Recognized
Character Box given on screen.
22. RESULTS AND FUTURE SCOPE
๏ฌ The Neurotron v1.0 is currently trained to identify 70
characters consisting of 58 โAโs and one set of
characters โBโ to โLโ.
๏ฌ May be further trained to recognize any other
character set by training it with a suitable character
set.
๏ฌ Learning capability is limited by the number of
neurons and connections in the system. Training
with very large character sets may result in the
weights not converging i.e. the net may be unable to
learn the entire set.
23. FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS
๏ฌ The network can be trained for a wide range of other
characters, using optimal training set.
๏ฌ The number of input and output layers may be increased as, in
the current system, weights may not converge during large
training sets. This can be done by changing the way getting the
output. Instead of getting the ASCII of the character, the output
may be only one neuron with output โ1โ for each character.
๏ฌ Another way of increasing the power o the neural network is to
add one or more hidden layers to the network and use the back
propagation algorithms and training them using the Back
propagation training algorithm.
๏ฌ The application and trainer can be integrated to form a
complete flexible software.
24. APPLICATIONS
๏ฌ Language Processing
๏ฌ Image and Audio Processing
๏ฌ Finance and Marketing
๏ฌ Control Systems
๏ฌ Database
๏ฌ Weather forecasting
๏ฌ Other