Ancient Sudan (Nubia)

Ancient Sudan (Nubia)
AFRS 2206 Section 001
Essay #2
Dr. Tanure Ojaide
August 1, 2012
The Nubians Who are the Nubians? Nubians are people of northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
Their history and traditions can be traced to the dawn of civilization. They settled first along the
banks of the Nile from Aswan. Along the Nile, they developed one of the oldest and greatest
civilizations in Africa until they lost their last kingdom five centuries ago. The Nubians remained as
the main rivals to the homeland of Africa's earliest black culture with a history that can be traced
from 3800 B.C. onward through the monuments and artifacts. Ancient Nubia was a land of great
natural wealth, gold mines, ebony, ivory and incense that its neighbors always prized. Sudan had ...
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The city of Napata gained its fame from the religious significance of Gebel Barkal. The Egyptians
promoted the belief the primary form of their god dwelt inside the pure mountain Gebel Barkal.
Egypt's sun–god Amun was represented as either a man with a ram head or as a crowned ram with a
solar disk. It seems as though the Egyptians identified their pre–existing god from the land of Nubia
as a local form of their own supreme god Amun who was considered to be the important source of
the royal power of Egypt and Kush. The city of Meroe located on the east bank of the Nile, was the
second urban center of the binary kingdoms of Kush. This city became the permanent royal
residence of the Kushite Kings of Napata in the fifth century BC. Nubian pottery from the earliest
periods represented the basic plastic material employed in Nubia and Egypt. Primitive drawings and
engravings on Nubian pottery had a form identified of some geometric and symbolic patterns. These
forms have been used on the surface of decorated pottery such as circles, squares, or triangles which
represented the initial signs of most ancient civilizations. During the Neolithic period, people of this
time covered their tools and pottery products with different forms, not particularly of art, but rather
for recording their idea of life. Although these forms represent hidden symbols with no clear
meaning, its purpose or goal was to help unleash the human mind while imagining its
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How Did Ancient Egypt Life Influence Its Arts And...
In summary, Egypt's abundant natural resources and benevolent climate greatly influenced its arts
and architecture. The Nile, which its annual inundation, fertilized the arid fields and allowed the
Egyptians to survive for over 3000 years. The river contributed to the development of agriculture,
farming and the overall economic prosperity of the region. The Nile made possible the subsistence
of trees, plants and animals, which thrived in the unique North African environment. Most
importantly, the river valley landscape provided Egyptians with a plethora of resources such as
stones, wood, minerals, metals and semi–precious stones. With those materials, the Egyptians were
able to create aesthetic masterpieces to communicate their views and ideas.

Similarities Between Egypt And Mesopotamia
Integrated Research Paper– Egypt and Mesopotamia Ancient Egypt and ancient Mesopotamia are
both a part of the world's first civilizations, and these two civilizations have many similarities as
well as differences. Ancient Egypt dates from 3100–310 B.C.E, and ancient Mesopotamia dates
back to 3500 B.C.E all the way to 330 B.C.E. Mesopotamia was a civilization that had many
civilizations within it, while ancient Egypt remained a uniform civilization that shared the same
religious, political, cultural life for three thousand years (Fiero, 2015). According to Glenn Perry,
"Egyptians' claim that their country–its capital city in particular– is the 'mother of the world'
contains much truth if that means it is where history and civilization began" (Perry, 2016, p.56).
Glenn Perry also states that there are many arguments on whether Egypt was the first civilization or
whether Mesopotamia was the first civilization, but since there is very little documentation of the
time period it is hard to know. According to Dr. Andrew Jamieson, "Ancient Mesopotamia, the land
between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, is one of the most historically significant and
archaeologically rich regions in the world..." (Jamieson, 2015, p.23). One thing both authors agree
on is that these two civilizations are important, because they mark the beginning of human history.
These two civilizations are known for their advanced architecture, their different methods of art, and
their gods and beliefs. These three

Ancient Egyptian Art : The Art Of Ancient Egypt
The people of Ancient Egypt believed in the afterlife, and therefore it is no surprise that most of the
art that survived from that time is connected to the dead–especially the popular figures such as the
pharaohs. The early Egyptian paintings were very basic and were painted in rocks that portrayed
everyday life objects. The pharaohs were like the gods of the earth which is why the Egyptians often
represented the gods and the pharaohs with very similar features in some of the artwork. Even
though most of the Egyptian art was found in tombs and, as mentioned before, had a solid
connection with the afterlife, some of the artwork from Ancient Egypt also illustrated how family
life was structured.
According to the book The Art and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These palettes not only show how Egyptian civilization progressed, but also made it clear that the
pharaoh, or ruler, will always triumph.
As mentioned previously, the afterlife and the art of Egypt are strongly related. According to the
book Ancient Egyptian Art, when a person passed away the Egyptians embalmed the body to
preserve it. A painting on Djedbastinfanth's wooden coffin at El Hiba (600 BC) illustrates scenes
where bodies are being prepared for burial. This painting supports the claim that art and the afterlife
always go hand in hand. It was also an Egyptian custom to be buried with items that they thought
would be needed for the afterlife. The Egyptians tended to make small sculptures, such as the Model
of servants (c.1900 BC, clay) which were little servant statues that would be buried with their
master/mistress so that they could serve him or her in the afterlife. However, the pharaoh would not
be buried with plain statues like these; the pharaoh was buried with carved and painted sculptures of
royal officials who would accompany him in the afterlife. These sculptures are a prime example that
shows how the art and afterlife of Egypt are interconnected. Another example comes from the
papyrus of Hunefer at Thebes (c.1320 BC, 116 in.). The scene illustrates priests and mourners at the
entrance of Hunefer's tomb practicing burial rituals. After exploring some

Comparing Ancient Egypt And Ancient Greece
Critical Thinking Questions 1. Compare and contrast the statues of humans found in ancient Egypt
and ancient Greece. b. In ancient Greece, humans were depicted in three different forms. The poses
were different as were the postures. This differs from Ancient Egypt because Ancient Egypt usually
showed a profile of the human. 2. What influences what we know about ancient art? How is our
knowledge of ancient art similar to or different from our knowledge of prehistoric art? a. Our
knowledge of the art of ancient societies comes largely from the archeological analysis that has been
done on the ancient societies. The greater amount of remains and runs helps us to piece together the
function and meaning of some pieces of art. Our knowledge ... Show more content on
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Some similarities of ancient art across different cultures is the style of art, for example sculptures
and pottery seem to be the same throughout all cultures but the way these things are formed are what
is different in each culture. The way humans are depicted in the Greek culture is different from the
way they are depicted in the Egyptian culture. Humans are given more form in Greek culture rather
than in Egyptian culture where they are drawn as flat objects. 4. Choose one piece of art shown in
the unit. In about two paragraphs, create an art critique for this piece of art. a. A piece of art shown
in the lesson is that of a worshipper which dates back to 2750–2660 BCE. This sculpture shows the
differences of art in Egyptian culture and Greek culture, because the worshipper is just human which
is shown in full form, 3–D figure. We can tell that this sculpture shows a worshipper indeed because
of the way his hands are put. b. If this were an Egyptian sculpture, it would most likely have been a
2–D figure that would've been painted on a piece of pottery or something of the sort. The Egyptian
figure would've also been painted most likely red on black, unlike this figure which has a lot of
detail, which we can see in the face

Similarities Between Mesopotamia And Egypt
They brought writing, the wheel, the calendar, and astronomy. Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt
allowed human beings, for the first time in history, to settle down in one place and farm instead of
chasing their often dangerous wild animal food sources. Both civilizations shared similarities and
differences in their climate, politics, intellect, religion, arts and architecture, technology, economics,
and social structures, that allowed them to flourish and become two of the most well–known ancient
civilizations.
Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt both had a similar climate. They are located in river valleys or areas
of flat land that has a river running through it. Yearly it would flood and once the water receded, it
would leave behind fertile soil that was great for planting.The rivers were used for food, soil, water,
and even transportation.
When it comes to politics, things aren't so different. Both Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt connected
religion to their Government. Its laws had control over all people. The Mesopotamians and ancient
Egyptians would pay their taxes to the government with goods and hard labor.
The civilizations and its people are all intelligent. During their lifespan, Mesopotamians and ancient
Egyptians created their own written language that used symbols. It allowed their historians to record
important events. Sadly, their written language was hard to learn due to having tons of symbols.
Religion was an important factor in the everyday lives of Mesopotamians and ancient Egyptians.
Both civilizations were polytheistic which meant they worshiped multiple gods. Many elaborate
temples were built to praise them. The leaders in both regions were believed to be related to the gods
because of the great power they held and wealth under their control. Mesopotamians and ancient
Egyptians believed in the afterlife. When people died, they were buried with items to take along.
Arts and Architecture filled the land of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt. Mainly using sun dried
materials, they built cities. Buildings and structures were constructed near water sources for farming
and other purposes. Both civilizations also created great pyramids to honor their fallen kings.
The Mesopotamians and ancient Egyptians were

Craftsmanship In Art
The ancient sculptures, paintings, and arts are used to enhance a leader's image. The use of art
started as a means of power at various times in diverse cultures. Paintings were created nearly
during Stonehenge period. Very old Egyptian art refers to the accepted two dimensional and three–
dimensional art developed in Egypt from 3000 BC and used until the 3rd century. Since the late
nineteenth century, people have discovered that the ancient cultural groups and individuals have
been composing a variety of arts, was all done on mass off caverns. Twenty–seven of the caves have
been discovered so far, in the cliffs along the 17 miles of the Ardeche gorge.
However, the give in found by Chauvet and his companions changed our reasoning about ancient
people groups. Where beforehand found give in works of art had appeared to present day eye as
virtuous, this gives in contained attracting like those a contemporary craftsman may have done. we
can just guess that other practically identical craftsmanships were the item in ancient time, however,
have not survived, maybe because they were made of wood or other perishable materials. It is even
possible that craftsmanship may have been made sooner than 30,000 years prior, maybe as
individuals started to possess the Close East, near 90,000 and 100,000 years back. At first, during
the Paleolithic time, or "Old Stone Age", from the Greek palaios, "old", and lithos, "stone", the way
of life of the world maintained themselves on diversion and

Explain The Three Column Styles Found In Ancient Greek Art
1. Describe two of the three column styles found in ancient Greek architecture.
One column style is Ionic order. It originated in Eastern Greece, and had a more ornate column and
capital than the Doric order. The columns rest on ornate, detailed bases and the fluted shaft is
slender. There are 24 fluted grooves on the column, and has a large double scroll or volute as the
capital.
Another column style is Corinthian order. It grew from Ionic order, but is more ornate and elaborate.
There are two rows of leaves that fan out from the capital and four scrolls.
2. What were Ushabti? What purpose did they have?
Ushabti were small figurines that were placed in tombs to act as a substitute for the person in case
he or she was called upon to do manual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most sculptures are of common people or gods and goddesses. The cultures had architecture play a
big part in their art. Both the Warka Vase from Sumerian art and The Narmer Palette from Egyptian
art both tell a narrative. Unlike Egyptian and Greek architecture, Mesopotamian architecture is not
able to be studied. The Mesopotamian architecture was worn away by time because of the poor
building materials. Unlike Mesopotamian and Greek art, Egyptians did not make pottery.
4. Choose one piece of art shown in the unit. In about two paragraphs, create an art critique for this
piece of art.
The piece of art I choose is the sunk relief image of Pharaoh Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and their children.
The image was made in Ancient Egypt, during Akhenaten's reign. It is a relief, so the background is
carved away from the outlines to make them stand out. What attracts my attention in the image is
how deep the lines are. It creates a strong contrast between them and the background. There is a lot
of negative space in the piece that helps create the image and make it pop more. There are many
curved lines in the picture to create movement and to better show the human

Ancient Egypt: Mystic, Knowledge, And Beauty
Ancient Egypt was a place of mystic, knowledge, and beauty. Located in Northeast Africa, along the
Nile river. Ancient Egypt is one of six historical civilizations to arise independently. Greatly known
for their stable food supply, social levels and classes, specialization of labor, system of government,
and highly developed culture. The only remembrance of this once great civilization is the art.
Early Egyptian art was developed in the service of the king, created by one of his many craftsmen.
The Egyptian civilization had many different art forms, workmanship included canvases, form in
wood, stone and pottery. They also created drawings on faience, jewelry, ivories. Some believe it's a
display of their vivid life styles, economic style, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Massive and magnificent statues were built toAncient Egypt was a place of mystic, knowledge, and
beauty. Located in Northeast Africa, along the Nile river. Ancient Egypt is one of six historical
civilizations to arise independently. Greatly known for their stable food supply, social levels and
classes, specialization of labor, system of government, and highly developed culture. The only
remembrance of this once great civilization is the art.
Early Egyptian art was developed in the service of the king, created by one of his many craftsmen.
The Egyptian civilization had many different art forms, workmanship included canvases, form in
wood, stone and pottery. They also created drawings on faience, jewelry, ivories. Some believe it's a
display of their vivid life styles, economic style, and beliefs systems. Egyptian art was first created
to show that the king was a god. Many of their displays of art are located on tombs, for the
preservation of knowledge.
Egyptian sculpture evolved to represent the ancient Egyptian gods, and Pharaohs, the divine kings
and queens, in physical form. Massive and magnificent statues were built

Formal and Ekphrasis Analysis Of The palette of King...
The palette of King Narmer: Formal Analysis
The Palette of King Narmer is a very small, flat 64 centimeters tall, shield shape palette that is
believed to be used for holy ceremonies. Sculpt from smooth leveled siltstone. The siltstone is a soft
yet dim color of gray. Small in scale, the palette is created with numerous intriguingly beautifully
detailed carvings, and illustrations that fully decorate both sides. These detailed carvings take up
most of the negative space of both sides of the foreground, and middleground. While the negative
space is adequately filled with the cared illustrations, the flat composition lacks true depth of field or
deep space.
The top of the palette is garnished with what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The revised back side "... is taken up by a finely carved...raised relief showing a king, undoubtedly
Narmer, ready to strike down a foe whom he grabs by the hair. This pose would become typical in
Ancient Egyptian art. He wears a short skirt, an animal's tail and the crown that at least in later times
was associated with Upper Egypt: the White Crown"("The Ancient Egypt Site." The Ancient Egypt
Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.).
The palette of King Narmer is more than simply a work of art. It is a blend of artistic creativity,
mixed with the function of recording the history of King Narmer. Revealing, Narmer's rise to power
as well as share the narrative of how Egypt was united.
Anitra Harrison
Jessica Doyle ART 561
11, February, 2014
The palette of King Narmer: Ekphrasis Analysis
The palette of King Narmer is more than a lucid and exerted aesthetic construction. An engaging,
intriguing composite of shape, color, and form,while delighting the aesthetic senses, this dynamic,
blend of both beauty and symbolism, is able to intimately share a powerful narrative. A dynastic and
dramatic tale of an uncharacteristically chaotic journey of one man's excursion into power, all the
while uniting Egypt.
A poignantly, contrary, contrast between her land, and her art, she has been habitually known for her
Monumental, and epically extensive scope and size. Ancient Egypt exudes the expression of human
creative skill and imagination.Her

The Ancient Egyptian Style Of Ancient Egypt
FNAR 200
Professor Heer
23 November 2015
KING NARMERS PALETTE The civilization of Ancient Egypt thrived from approximately 3100
bce until 30 bce, when the Roman Empire took control of the province. Unlike other ancient
societies, however, where art would evolve and chance with new influences, the art of Ancient
Egypt tends to look extremely similar for the entirety of those 300 years. The classical Egyptian
style of art begins in the first dynasty, which is often considered to be ruled under King Narmer. The
Narmer Palette (Fig. 1) is one of the most influential pieces of ancient Egyptian art for this very
reason, as it portrays the joining of Upper and Lower Egypt into one solid empire that would
continue to thrive for years to come at the fault of King Narmer. Unlike the art of prehistoric Egypt,
dynastic art tends to focus on kingship and portraying the king as the sole ruler and most important
figure in the civilization. Because of the powerful themes on both sides of the palette, the Narmer
Palette has emerged as one of the most crucial pieces of artwork from early Egypt as it represents
the joining of the prehistoric past of the civilization and the pharaonic dynasty that was beginning to
emerge. King Narmer is considered by historians to be the first pharaoh of unified Egypt. It is
suggested that during his rule, he was responsible for uniting the former Upper and Lower Egypt to
form one strong central Egypt, of which he became king. His kingship initiated the

How Did The Nile River Affect Ancient Egypt
The Nile River shaped the civilization of Ancient Egypt in many different and important ways,
which includes agriculturally, geographically, and economically. It allowed them to grow crops in
the harsh Sahara Desert. The Nile River determined where the Egyptians made their cities and
settlements. It also allowed them to form a civilization with a booming economy when there was
still wooly mammoths roaming the Earth. The Nile River was an essential in order for both ancient
and modern Egypt to form in the ways that they did. The Nile River allowed the Ancient Egyptians
to grow crops, like wheat and barley, in the harsh dry climate of the Sahara Desert. The Nile
stretches all the way from the Mediterranean Sea 4,160 miles south. This ... Show more content on
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Although, these cities were not more than several miles away from the river itself. Also, the Nile
provided the Egyptians with a great source of transportation. The image on Document C shows
Egyptians transporting people and goods down the Nile for trade. In addition, the note on Document
C says that the Nile flows from south to north, making it easier for Upper Egypt to reach Lower
Egypt. This determined that goods would often come from Upper Egypt and go to Lower Egypt or
other places in the North. According to Chapter 3a of our online textbook, the Nile also provided a
source of food other than fertile soil for crops, which settled that Egyptians would have even more
reason to settle around the Nile. Lastly, the Nile River allowed the Egyptians to form a booming
economy with art, music, and religion. The Nile River provided Ancient Egypt with all of the basic
necessities for life. For example, the Nile provided Ancient Egypt with fresh drinking water and
fertile soil and fish for food. This allowed Egyptians to focus on other luxuries like the Pyramids or
art and music. This then led to an economy forming with a social structure. Moreover, in Document
B, once Akhet and Peret passed, Shemu, harvest season, came and allowed the Egyptians to harvest
the crops they planted during Peret and were able to take them to the market to be sold. This added
to the booming economy being formed in Egypt due to the Nile providing the basic

Ancient Egyptian Art Research Paper
The ancient Egyptians are known for many of the incredible aspects of their culture and everything
they have produced. Some of the well known ancient Egyptian relics are the ones like the ancient
pyramids, the Great Sphinx of Giza, mummies, and their many forms of art. Ancient Egyptian art is
one of the most recognized styles of art. The most commonly known types of ancient Egyptian art
are types like paintings, ceramics, and sculptures. Not only is Egyptian art beautiful, but it carries a
huge deal of value and significance with it. A great portion of the time, the art has some kind of
religious meaning to it. Consequently it is very difficult to discuss the art itself without delving into
the various gods and goddesses presented in it. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will see what the artworks mean to me, and I will make my own interpretations as to why their art
is this way. Moreover, I expect look at many of their varying art forms and see how the use of
animals differs between them. This is because I believe different kinds of art are able to impact
people in different ways, and have an implication that is unlike the other. I plan to analyze the
assorted characteristics and traits of the various art forms the ancient Egyptians practiced to see
similarities and differences, and consider in what way this influences the meaning of the works.
Characteristics and Traits of Different Types of Ancient Egyptian Art Just from looking at a few
pieces of the art of the ancient Egyptians, you begin to notice many defining characteristics about it
that make it unique and different from other styles of art. There are an ample amount of recurring
features in the art, so this must mean that these traits and aspects are noteworthy. This next section
of the essay will go into detail about a few of the many types of art and the stylistic elements that
define ancient Egyptian art and make it special and distinguishable from other types of art, and why
some particular aspects of the art are important. Distinguishable characteristics are things about a
subject that makes it unique and unlike other things.

The Museum Of Fine Arts
Dear to whom it may concern in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston
I am writing to you to express my interest in the job opportunity "Terrace Research Associate in
Egyptian Art" in the Department of Art of the Ancient World, one of open staff positions in Museum
of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston next Summer.
As an applicant for the job opportunity in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston, I would be
interested in the division, the Arts of Ancient Egypt collections I hold a Bachelor's degree in
Egyptology from Cairo University in Egypt, where I studied in its prestigious Department of
Archeology. In the course of my four years of undergraduate education, I studied various subjects,
including the history of ancient Egypt (prehistoric, pre–dynastic, and dynastic periods), ancient
Egyptian archeology, ancient Egyptian language, Coptic language, Hieratic scripts and texts,
archaeological sites, museology and excavation, religions thought in ancient Egypt, ancient
Egyptian society, history and archeology during the Ptolemaic period, history and civilization of
ancient Greece as well as history and archeology of Egypt in Roman period.
My interest in art grew out of my passion for history, particularly the ancient history of Egypt,
where I was born and raised. Already as a child I was fascinated by museums and the vast amount of
objects they contained and I avidly read the label information of each museum object. My academic
study of art, particularly Egyptian and ancient Near Eastern art, began

Ancient Egyptian Art And Contribution To Late Mesolithic Art
There are many different art styles around the world that developed in various ways. Ancient
Egyptian art is around 5 thousand years old, and it is a major contributor to late Mesolithic Art. It
arose and took shape in the civilization of the Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian art reached a high level
in painting and sculpture, and was both extremely stylized and symbolic. Most of the Egyptian
sculptures that have been well–preserved were initially made for temples and/or tombs. Egyptian
sculpture and all Egyptian art was based on the belief in a life after death. The body of the pharaoh
was carefully preserved, and certain goods were buried with him in the Pyramids of Giza to provide
for his needs forever. Life–size and even much larger statues, carved in slate, alabaster, and
limestone, were as regular and simple in shape as the tombs themselves. These statues were replicas
of the rulers, the nobles, and the gods worshiped by the Egyptians, and were put in temples and
burial chambers. Scenes engraved and painted in the tombs or on temple walls literally described
Egyptian life. Eleanor Barton, in The History of Sculpture, states, "The Egyptians often combined
features from various creatures to symbolize ideas. For example, the human head of the pharaoh
Khafre is added to the crouching figure of a lion to form the Great Sphinx. This composition
suggests the combination of human intelligence and animal strength." Egyptian sculptors always
presented clear ideas. The pharaoh or

Similarities Between Ancient Egypt And Greek Art
The ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations are two of the oldest known civilizations in
history. The Egyptians and the Greeks have a difference in geography, societal order, religious or
spiritual beliefs and political order. The Egyptian civilization, based in the eastern part of North
Africa, started around 3100 BC. It was ruled by various Pharaohs, who had different religious and
societal views. The Greek civilization is one of the two notable Mediterranean civilizations, they
were polytheistic like the Egyptians, but believed in different Gods. One important aspect of their
society to discuss between the two civilizations is their art styles. Much of the Egyptian architecture,
including the pyramids and the houses were symmetrical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Seated Statue of Hatshepsut depicts power by wearing headdress that was worn by preceding male
pharaohs. Similarly, the Marble statue of a wounded Amazon depicts strength through the emphasis
of muscles on her legs and arms. However, Amazon's gracefulness and Hatshepsut's slender body
give them a feminine touch. The differences between the two is evident in the art techniques used
and attention to detail. Hatshepsut's statue is static and lacks details. In contrast to Amazon, where
the warrior is in a contrapposto position and there are precise details of her arms, hair, legs and
drapery. The Amazon has idealized bodily proportions, illustrated by her proportional bodily
features such as her perky breasts and legs. Furthermore, Hatshepsut places importance on religion
to depict her as a pharaoh; the text on her throne reads "the Perfect Goddess, Lady of the Two Lands
(Upper and Lower Egypt)" and "Bodily Daughter of Re (the sun god.)". On the contrary, the
Amazon is a mythical warrior and does not stand in the same rank as the pharaoh Hatshepsut. The
Amazon is wearing clothing typical of a warrior, and Hatshepsut's clothing indicate wealth and
power. The two statues share nearly equal amount of similarities and differences, but most
importantly, depict the art styles and

Amenhotep's Religious Revolution
Amenhotep IV's reign is one of the most impactful and revolutionary of ancient Egypt, coming to be
known as the religious revolution. The changes and traditions that were implemented during his
reign greatly affected the reign's after his own. While in the past, ancient Egypt had been a
polytheistic religious culture. However, during the reign of Amenhotep IV the status quo changed
for ancient Egypt leaving behind long–lasting affects to the religion, culture, and society in ancient
Egypt.
In past Pharaoh's reigns, the polytheistic religion remained prominent. However, Amenhotep IV's
childhood sparked a new perspective about ancient Egypt's main religion. Unlike other Pharaoh's
before him, Akhenaten desired to finish what his father started ... Show more content on
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Becoming known as the Armana period, Amenhotep's reign revolutionized artwork as a whole. In
past reigns self–monuments have depicted the realistic side of the Pharaoh. For example, Akhenaten
was often pictured with an elongated jaw line, wide hips, and a round belly. This image was a drastic
transformation from past ancient Egyptian art forms. Prior to the Armana period, art was very
unrealistic. For example, the past depictions of Pharaoh's were as muscular, clear cut and
proportional. Amenhotep IV changed art to accurately portray the Pharaoh rather than creating an
impractical version. The Armana art had a sense of realism that ancient Egyptian art had not had
prior to artists in the Middle Kingdom. For instance, the remarkable stele of Akhenaten which
displays the royal family emphasizes the rays of the god Aten touching each of them. This stele is
one of the many during the Armana period that shows the sense of realism that the Armana period
was built upon. The image of the rays physically touching each of the family members depicts how
the god Aten is with them and is shining his power and protection over each of

Ancient Egypt Religion
Organized Religion, Exquisite Art, and a structured Government demonstrate that Ancient Egypt
was a highly advanced culture. Religion in ancient Egypt was both organized and successful in ways
of life and ceremonial occasions. Egyptian art was detailed, exquisite and represented how much art
showed and was cared for. Government in Ancient Egypt depended on rulers and the form of
democracy. Ancient Egyptian religion had an effective impact on their daily life. The afterlife
preparation and ceremonies was very important to the Ancient Egyptians. The afterlife took work
and care but was cared for deeply by all Egyptian people. In ancient Egypt both royal men and
women wore makeup in ways of their religion. Makeup in Ancient Egypt played a part in religion,
makeup and cosmetics were very important because for the Royal it showed power and true
dedication. Makeup was made of all natural materials and objects.They used resources that they had
to make the best out of everyday life. Religion was not only for the people but also for the ... Show
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Ancient Egyptian art explained plans and showed how processes of daily life in Egypt were
important. Daily life in Egypt was complicated but the art showed a process for orders and plans.
The placement of art in Ancient Egypt is significant, because of the meaning behind the arts culture.
Culture in Egypt was effected by art, art was not only used for daily life but for sculptures, afterlife,
architecture, and ceremonies or festivals artistic events. The technology Ancient Egyptians used to
create their art was a highly advanced system. Technology is not only modern devices but also
ancient ways of life. The technology was apart of daily life, the Egyptian had to use what they were
provided with by nature to create all of their successful pieces of technology. Art was important to
many people of ancient Egypt and still is presented

The Importance of Animals and Symbolism in Ancient...
The Ancient Egyptians are known for many of the incredible aspects of their culture and everything
they have made. Some of the well known ancient Egyptian relics are the ones like the ancient
pyramids, the Great Sphinx of Giza, mummies, and their many forms of art. Ancient Egyptian art,
most commonly the paintings, are one of the most recognized styles of art. Not only is Egyptian art
beautiful, but it carries a huge deal of value and significance with it. A great portion of the time, the
art has some kind of religious meaning to it. Consequently it is very difficult to discuss the art itself
without delving into the various gods and goddesses presented in it. Something that particularly
struck me about Ancient Egyptian art was their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The proportion of some objects to one another is inaccurate, seeing as the Ancient Egyptians would
size things based on importance. Things that were less important were illustrated as smaller, and
things that were more substantial were made bigger. The art expresses unity and repetition, because
the colors are alike throughout, and the human figures are very similar to each other. The paintings
are incredibly unoriginal, as they are all made to look the same. More often than not, they are seen
paired with hieroglyphics. Typically, the Ancient Egyptians painted scenes of daily life, burial rituals
and scenes from the afterlife, as well as scenes depicting fundamental events and often show one or
more of their 114 gods and goddesses. The Ancient Egyptians used color for much more than
aesthetical purposes. Not only do they employ color to enhance the artwork in appearance, but they
would often use color for symbolic reasons. When looking at the artworks which used paint, such as
the paintings and carvings, it is obvious that the Ancient Egyptians did not use many colors. They
used about 6 colors, and the same colors were used for a range of different objects in the artworks,
sometimes with minor changes. For instance, male figures in the art were depicted with darker skin
than the female figures. To the Ancient Egyptians, color was a way to symbolize the importance of a
figure, and

Mesopotamia And Egypt Similarities
Looking at the cultures, Mesopotamian and Egyptian, you can see the similarities and differences
throughout their history. Ancient Mesopotamian began to form in terms of religious customs,
artwork, architecture, and literature. Ancient Egypt culture was one of longest–lasting and dominant
cultures of its time. This culture is known for its amazing practices in a variety of different fields
including art, architecture, and other practices. These two civilizations became interlinked with one
another influencing each other by their arts and teachings, however they personalized it to suit their
own cultures and therefore there are also many differences between the Mesopotamian and
Egyptian. In the Ancient Mesopotamian culture you see all of the different aspects of culture
throughout its time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Egypt, the government was more authoritative and strict like our government today is on its
people where as the Mesopotamians had more of a stress on the place as a city or state would.
Differences are also evident in building structures because Mesopotamian art was more simplistic
than Egyptian. Egypt excelled in art because it was extremely intricate. Mesopotamia also and
contained a stronger literature than the Egyptian culture did. Each culture achieved great art,
literature, architecture, and religious customs though their methods and style differ.
In terms of similarities, Mesopotamia and Egypt both did everything to show their devotion and
service to a higher power. Art was not only a difference but also a commonality. Both used clay art
to represent their own cultures. Clay artwork was used to express their interpretations of God.
Religion was also a big factor in both cultures and they were both Polytheistic meaning they
believed in many Gods. Even literature was used to teach, express, and expand religion. Architecture
was formed to honor their own Gods as

Compare And Contrast The Human Body In Ancient Egypt Art
Human Body Depiction in Ancient Egypt & Ancient Greece
Throughout the years humans have had the tendency to record their daily lives and events. In other
words, the art of each era reflects the society and mentality of the civilians. This is why each era has
a different way of depicting the human body and how the story they tell is narrated. This research
paper will compare between the depiction of the human body in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece.
Ancient Egypt art was at the start of art history, which was between 3000 BC and 400 AD. The
Egyptians wanted to focus more on realism and narrating the story rather than showing the exact
details, they wanted everything to be clear and show what was happening in their daily lives rather
than show the positions, they didn't have deficiencies, they were more keen on portraying the whole
image. Meanwhile The Ancient Greek art had something equivalent to the Ancient Egyptian art in
the cultural part, where they both were obsessed with precision and order. They believed their Gods
took human form, that's why they always had this mentality of portraying the human figure
perfectly. They related perfection to the athletic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet the art of the Egyptians had a majorly different purpose of these cultures. Egyptian art was
designed to convey divine or deceased heir. To pass on the idea of the recipient receiving the benefit
of ritual action. Furthermore, the royal and elite class served as intermediaries between the gods and
the people. In stone statuary, limited positions, a strong back pillar for support, and spaces left
between limbs gave out the impression of how the stone statuary was quite closed. while in two–
dimensional art, the representation of the world was more of an informative way of all the aspects of
each element in the

What Role Did Religion Play In Ancient Egyptian Civilization
Ancient Egypt is the name that was given to the civilization that was born in the lower Nile valley. It
flourished from 3100 to 30 B.C. Religion occupied an important role in this civilization. It lasted
about 3,000 years and had approximately 2,000 gods during the span of this civilization. They
believed and venerated the afterlife. Religion was one of the things that mattered the most in
Ancient Egypt as well as art because it was the way to capture their legacy for centuries. Ancient
Egypt is considered one of the most ancient religious cultures that has not only influenced society
but also the arts and still inspires many people today.
Religion also plays an important role in the Pharaonic civilization, Pharaonic as in Pharos or rulers
of the Kingdom. They believed in many gods, this form of religion is known as polytheistic.
Religion was seen as a civic duty and it was something that every citizen practiced. Many of the
gods of Ancient Egypt exhibited complex and oddly shaped figures with either half animal or half
human bodies. Still, others represented the forces of the natural world as Egyptian's prosperity
depended on the daily appearance of the sun and the annual flooding of the river, and on their other
gods. The Egyptian civilization encouraged worship and sacrifices. Their lives were mainly ruled by
their gods and beliefs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They knew that after death, the body stayed on earth but believed that the spirit continued alive in
the underworld. Just like Osiris, who was murdered by his brother and Osiris's wife resurrects him
according to their beliefs. That is how Osiris became to rule the realm of life after death. This
expectation opened the door to the great pyramid of the Old Kingdom, they were built to contain the
body of the pharaoh because even knowing his spirit was gone to another dimension they still
needed to preserve his body to serve them as a base on

Essay about Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece
"Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece"
According to history there existed two of many important ancient civilizations that left a significant
mark in the history of human development that even today leaves modern society in awe of its
greatness. In spite of being distant civilizations, Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece share similarities
and difference in terms of how they practiced religion,political structure, everyday life style, and
how they built the monumental architectures that continued to amaze the modern world of today.
These comparison and contrast explain their difference in history and their dynasty's long term
success. Through the early developmental age these two ancient civilizations contrasted in many
ways perhaps due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece both believed in life after death, though the process in which
they follow that belief differ greatly. The Greeks believed that at the moment of death the spirit
leaves the body in the form of a little gust of wind or a puff of breath. The Greeks believed in proper
burial rights that were performed in three parts, and the relatives mostly women are the ones that
conduct these rituals for the deceased. Much like the modern world these rituals consist of the first
step; laying out the body to be dressed, the second funeral procession, and the third step was the
cremation of the body. Unlike the Greeks the Egyptians developed a process in which they prepared
and preserved the dead for the afterlife, known as mummification. This process is believed to have
been the purpose of the Egyptians famous pyramids, believed to be the stairs that would lead the
Pharaohs to their kingdom in the afterlife. Artifacts are buried in their tombs such as gold, wine, and
sculptures to accompany the dead in life after death.
As widely admired civilizations both Ancient Egypt and ancient Greece prospered for many years,
and is due to its political governing. In ancient Egypt the Pharaoh was perceived to be the
embodiment of the all mighty sun god, and regarded him as a god himself. Therefore the Pharaoh
was the ruler of all of Egypt and citizens did not have a say in politics. Egyptian class structure is
best portrayed by

Ancient Egypt Art
The Art of Ancient Egypt brought about many changes then in the past, when it comes to art and the
main things they value overall. It brought about many stylistic changes in the way people lives and
how they looked not just at their lives but the afterlife as well. This paper will highlight main things
about the art of ancient Egypt and the many takeaways we can have for that, and I will pick three
forms of art that I view as import and connect to significance of them for this culture. When it
comes to the artistic style of the Egyptian culture it has to do with strict conventions that are often
based on conceptual principles rather than on the observation of the natural world with an eye to
rendering an lifelike fashion, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From doing more research about these pyramids talks about how long and the man power that it
took to competing all of these pyramids, this proves that the kind during that time valued the first
representation that would test over time because they are still there to this day that the public can
view. Just the way the structure is, it most have taken years to finally compete these pyramids, these
pyramids epitomize the power of the Egyptian people, also the might that they can create a
masterpiece to burr the king. Now that we have talked about one of the art form, let's discuss the art
sculpture that was designed during that time. The painting that was on the wall of the large mastaba
of a wealth fifth dynasty called "Tu watching a Hippopotamus hunt" what jumped out to me about
this panting is the detail that was made into what types of these the people did during this time, the
ancient Egypt painting really showcases the many things people during that time did, another thing
they showcase is the artistic style of what the painting, on this painting it clearly shows the type of
clothing the official would wear. Now that we have talked about a painting, lets now go into one art
for during that time that has to do with a

Similarities Between Middle East And Ancient Egypt
Modern day wouldn't be what it was if early civilizations didn't rise from nomadic life. Over periods
of time, civilizations had evolved into what we know as modern day civilizations, but it couldn't be
possible without these two early civilizations. Between the years 3200–500 B.C two regions Middle
East and Egypt had thriving societies. Ancient Middle East consisted of the civilizations of Sumer
and Mesopotamia while Ancient Egypt consisted of the civilization of Egypt.Regions like these had
developed the technology that has evolved into what people use in modern day. These regions relied
on multiple items that allowed it to inhabit civilizations for so long. These two areas were different
from one another, but they had many similarities. For example, even though Ancient Middle East
and Ancient Egypt share their reliability on rivers and social structure, they differ because of their
cultural arts and their views on the afterlife. Ancient Egypt and Ancient Middle East were located by
the rivers and depended on them heavily. Ancient Middle East had a civilization, Mesopotamia, that
was located between the Tigris and Euphrates river and they used it for many occupancies. "Built
dams to hold back the flood waters and irrigation ditches to carry water" (Ellis and Esler 31). This
civilization used the river to help with farming. The rivers would flood and it would destroy all their
crops. Farming is a necessity in the early times. Farming would allow for the food to be

Similarities And Differences Between Ancient Egypt And...
The introduction of writing, the wheel, the calendar, and astronomy. Mesopotamia and ancient
Egypt allowed human beings, for the first time in history, to settle down in one place and farm
instead of chasing their often dangerous wild animal food sources. Both civilizations shared
similarities and differences in their climate, politics, intellect, religion, arts and architecture,
technology, economics, and social structures, that allowed them to flourish and become two of the
most well–known ancient civilizations.
Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, both had a similar climate. Located in river valleys or areas of flat
land that has a river running through it. Yearly it would flood and once the water receded, it would
leave behind fertile soil that was great for planting.The rivers provided food, soil, water, and even
transportation.
When it comes to politics, things aren't so different. Both Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt connected
religion to their Government. Its laws had control over all people. The Mesopotamians and ancient
Egyptians would pay their taxes to the government with goods and hard labor.
The civilizations and its people are all intelligent. During their lifespan, Mesopotamians and ancient
Egyptians created their own written language that used symbols. It allowed their historians to record
important events. Sadly, their written language was hard to learn due to having tons of symbols.
Religion was an important factor in the everyday lives of the Mesopotamians and

Ancient Egypt Art Analysis
Ancient Egypt is said to have provided the building blocks for Roman and Greek culture, and
influenced the western tradition. After the collapse of the Old Kingdom in 2150 B.C.E Nebhepetre
Mentuhotep II, first ruler of the Middle Kingdom, reunited upper and lower Egypt marking the start
of the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom was another high point in ancient Egyptian history
for many reasons. Egyptian art and writing, culture, religious and political traditions were restored.
During the twelve dynasty, art and writing had prospered and rulers prolonged and fortified their
borders. But it was toward the end of the Middle Kingdom during the thirteenth dynasty where
political power was weakening due to short–lived kings and the arrival of immigrants. The
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology comprises of many galleries.
One collection they have the privilege to showcase is The Granite Sphinx of Ramses II. Through
Ancient Egypt's Sphinx exhibit the interior design and arrangement of art influenced my own
understanding of the art work from the Middle Kingdom as well as expanding off of the information
I previously learned. As I entered into the Egypt (Sphinx) Gallery, I had to adjust from a brightly lit
common area to a dimly lit gallery room. The interior design comprised of earth tone painted walls
with a gold tint. An important note to state is there were no windows producing natural light; the
exhibit is dimly lit with an array of spot lights

Ancient Egyptian Art : Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egyptian is one of the oldest countries in the world. It is divided into three kingdoms Old,
Middle, and New. Today I will be discussing the beautiful Queen Nefertiti and her kingdom. She
comes from the New Kingdom. Her name means the beautiful women has come and her husband
who was Pharaoh Akhenaten ruled during the 14 century B.C. Artwork from the day depicts the
couple in an unusually naturalistic and individualistic style, more so than from earlier eras. Ancient
Egyptian Sculpture Queen Nefertiti ca. 1348–1336 B.C.E., Eighteenth Dynasty painted limestone,
rock crystal eyes, height 20" (50.8cm) Staatliche Museum Zu Berlin. Was recorded in a life size
portrait. Discovered in 1912 in the studio of Thutmusis, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
21, 22). Queen Nefertiti husband changed Egypt's religious and political structure around the sun
god named Aten. Akhenaten's transformation of religion brought radical changes in artistic
conventions. Departing from idealized images of earlier pharaohs, Akhenaten is sometimes depicted
with feminine hips and exaggerated features. Early images of Nefertiti show a stereotypical young
woman, but in later ones she is a near mirror image of Akhenaten. Her final depictions reveal a regal
but realistic figure. On the walls of the tombs and temples, she is depicted alongside her husband.
That was rare in those times as no other Egyptian queen was idolized that way. She was shown in
positions of power and authority and also driving a chariot or decapitating the enemy. Sumerian
were the first people who migrate to Mesopotamia, they created a civilization 5,500 year ago. The
Sumerians had a common language and believed in the same gods and goddesses called polytheism
(History.com Staff, 2010). The Sumerian sculpture standing man is a statue that is made of black
limestone with white gypsum. Compared to the Egyptian statue, they are easily recognized by their
large eyes, single eyebrow, and seemingly astonished facial expressions. The standing figure with
clasped hands is a worshiper. It was placed in the "Square Temple" at Tell

How Did The Nile River Influence Ancient Egypt Life And...
Kelly Styslowsky
Response #2
Adam Weekly
October 3, 2017
The Nile river has influenced Egyptian life and culture and it was also influenced in artwork as well
for a few different reasons. The backbone of Egypt has and still is, the Nile River, which through its
annual floods, supported all life in that ancient land. It has defined these cultures to the way they
have developed along its banks. Most of the crops are used with the water from the Nile River
because of its rich soils it brings to them. After this the beginnings of Egyptian civilization predate
writing and are consequently obscure. On the banks of the Nile River around 3500 B.C.E is where
they had the tombs, paintings, pottery, and other artifacts. During the time of 3500 and 3200 B.C.E
many of the archaeologists had discovered the most expensive series of mural paintings on the wall
of the tombs.
Next, The Nile was very important as a communication and trade route across a vast and harsh land.
This was one of the most important because the Egyptians needed a way to get everything and the
Nile River took a huge part in that, as they used this river for trading different items throughout
Egypt. This river is also the largest rivers in Egypt and it's because of the joining of the Sudan,
Uganda and Ethiopia. The Nile River starts in the south which is the upper part of Egypt and ends at
the country's northern border with the Mediterranean Sea which is In the Lower part of Egypt.
In the Egyptians life, there

Ancient Egyptian Art And Sculpture
There are many different art styles around the world that developed in various ways. Ancient
Egyptian art is around 5 thousand years old, and it is a major contributor to late Mesolithic Art. It
arose and took place in the Nile Valley. Ancient Egyptian art attained a high level in sculpture and
painting, and was extremely stylized and symbolic. Most of the Egyptian sculptures that have been
well–preserved were initially made for temples and/or tombs. All Egyptian art and sculpture was
based on the belief of life after death. The pharaoh's body was cautiously preserved, and certain
items were buried with him in the Pyramids of Giza to continually provide for his needs. Life–size
and large statues, carved in limestone, slate, and alabaster, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The head and legs were always in profile, and the eyes and upper body were viewed from the front.
Numerous ancient Egyptian paintings have lasted in tombs, and temples at times, because of Egypt
's tremendously parched climate. People frequently made the paintings with the intention of making
an enjoyable afterlife for the dead. The themes included voyage throughout the afterworld or
protective divinities introducing the late to the gods, such as Osiris. Multiple tomb paintings show
events that people were involved in when they were alive and wanted to do them for the rest of
eternity. Scenes of fishing and hunting that were painted can have realistic landscape backgrounds
of plants and water, but Egyptian painting did not advance into it very deeply, and the figures varied
in size due to their importance, not their location. The main colors they used were black, green,
yellow, blue, red, and gold. Ancient Egyptian sculpture was closely related to Egyptian architecture
and mostly had to do with the temple and the funeral tomb. The temple was built as if it were an
eternal resting–place of a divinity whose statue was concealed within a series of closed halls, opened
to see only for a small amount of time, when the sun or moon reached a certain point on the horizon,
their rays shined directly on the innermost shrine. The mural images on the temple walls normally
represent the devotion of the Pharaohs as well as

Ancient Egyptian Portraitures Essay
The popularity of and the fascination with Egyptian Art come from the pyramids, mummies, and
hieroglyphs. The theme of the exhibition is about racial types in Ancient Egyptian Art it will survey
the various naturalistic facial features found in the non–royal sculptures. In contrast, the Royal
portraits are extremely symbolic in representing human figures with the combination of human gods
and animal forms that tend to portray idealized, conventional faces of Egypt. Utilizing objects from
the permanent collection at the Brooklyn Museum of Art, this exhibit will display 25 portraits of
nobleman, officials, and local individuals in order to hint at a variety of racial subdivision such as
the Hykos, Nubian, Persian and Roman influence in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Brooklyn Museum's permanent collection contains a large selection of Egyptian, Classical,
Ancient Near Eastern Art sculptures, or paintings in relief. Many statues are generally idealized and
incorporated into animal form, since the intention of Ancient Egyptians was often to illustrate as
much of a traditional king as possible. Realistic features had greater possibility in the non–royal
portraits than in the one for royal purposes . The assumption that Ancient Egyptian royal portraits
were accurate is based loosely on the idea that the artist would demonstrate knowledge of the
tradition and consciously take models from the previous rulers to implement into their sculptures .
The differences in the depiction of royal and a non–royal portraiture will be prominent by the
entrances into the galleries. It will incorporate examples of the Head of a King from the Old
Kingdom, Late Period and Ptolemaic Period, to demonstrate resemblances in facial feature that are
not highly individualized. In contrast, the selection of objects inside the gallery will suggest portraits
of non–royal individuals, a diverse civilization that has been through invasions and marital
intermingling of the neighboring countries. The selection of objects for Al–Misr includes sculptures
and reliefs. The various materials representing human figures in combination with the

Use Of Art On Ancient Egypt
Moustapha I Toure
ART 103
Final Paper
The use of art has over the centuries been accentuated into a form of story–telling. Gradually,
humans have learned to use art to ensure their legacies were forever remembered. In recent years,
archeologists recovered lost art from lost civilizations thus enabling us to learn about them but from
them as well. One such civilization is the Egyptian society which was separated into three periods–
old, middle, and new kingdom. Although not a lost civilization, there is no denying that the Egypt of
the old kingdoms is astonishingly different from the now democratic republic that has taken its
place. Only art, in its many different forms, has allowed us to know what the old Egypt was like, and
how this "new" Egypt came about. Pharaohs in Egypt were the equivalent of the church in Rome.
They were revered, respected, feared, and loved. Despite being unproven, there is a general belief
that Egypt has seen more able, or good pharaohs than bad ones. One of those good pharaohs was
Amenhotep IV later known as Akhenaten. Akhenaten was one of the sons of Amenhotep III and
Chief Queen Tiye under whom Egypt lived an unprecedented economic stability and artistic
revolution. Once crowned new pharaoh of Egypt, Akhenaten followed in his father's footsteps,
encouraging the use of art to impress other empires and nations that traded with Egypt. He certainly
succeeded in that task with the help of his wife, Nerfititi who is as famous today as she was back

The Works That Have Impacted The Art World And Have Made...
Research Paper Throughout time there has been of course many influences that have impacted the
art world and have made it what it is today. However, there are some artistic movements that have
had a greater impact and stand out over others. The movement that has always personally stood out
to me was Ancient Egyptian art. The works that were produced for time period are interesting in
terms of the lack of tools and the innovation to make these paintings, sculptures, and architecture
that almost seem impossible to have been constructed. In my opinion the arts produced during the
Early Dynastic through the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt are some of the most technologically
advance forms that stand out over all other art forms for the time ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Instead we must develop a psychical distance or detachment from ancient Egyptian art in order to
view it in its purest aesthetic form. Once we have achieved this then we can move on to the first of
the two methods, formalism.
With this method of formalism we compare form and style, analyzing only the purely visual aspects
such as color, line, shape and texture of an object or artwork. Two formalist individuals worth
mentioning are Immanuel Kant and Clive Bell. Kant who teaches us the importance of the
disinterested viewer, and Bell who also explains this. Bell states in his article The Aesthetic
Hypothesis that "Our practical interests, with their correlative pleasures and pains, are blended,
become confused now and then, and disquiet our aesthetic interest, but never become united with
it". So even though ancient Egyptian art has always stood out to me personally, we cannot let our
personal interests or emotions effect the way we analyze the works produced from ancient Egypt.
The second of the two methods needed to view and analyze the works from ancient Egypt is
iconography. This method studies the content of images and symbols depicted within a certain work
of art or interpretation of these. One art historian whose works of iconography are still relevant
today was Erwin Panofsky. Iconography is split into three levels of learning

Ancient Egypt : Ancient Egyptian Art
Religious Architechture in ancient Egypt
Egyptian art has journeyed through the centuries as one of the most influential phenomenon in
human civilization. From the Greeks to the Romans to the people of today, Egyptians and their
beautiful representations in art and architecture have proven a legacy in the creations of certain
landmarks, statues, and even advertisements. The Greeks derived many of their statues from
Egyptian sculptures, such as the Kouros 600 B.C. The Roman emperor Augustus in expressing his
rule also drew from Egyptian sculpture when he had himself depicted as a statue of Menkaure, an
ancient Egyptian king with all the Egyptian trimmings of robe, crown, and posture. In more
contemporary times, the Temple of Luxor in Las Vegas was established to replicate the pyramids of
Giza. These examples are but a few of the inspirations drawn from Egyptian influence, an influence
so powerful that it can readily become apparent in mainstream culture today, through advertisements
such as this Sony handycam.
Temples, tombs and pyramids all have witnessed this earth for thousands of years. What better than
to say that these architectural achievements show us that Egypt 's greatest virtue lie in its
architecture. One of the greatest cultural achievements of Ancient Egypt was undoubtedly in their
architecture associated with religion. When one travels to Egypt, what does he or she see? Pyramid
after temple after tomb, each standing the test of

Compare And Contrast The Ancient Egypt And Ancient...
Have you ever wondered, where some of our current society's amazing gadgets or ideas, originated?
I would guess that most people would find it hard to believe that the calendar; hieroglyphics; paper;
the ox–drawn plow; wigs; clocks; eye makeup; mathematical reasoning and geometry, to name a
few, plus many other modern–day technologies and philosophies, can be traced to a civilization that
is thousands of years old. Two of the oldest and most important civilizations known to man were the
ancient Egyptian and ancient Greek civilizations. The ancient Greek civilization is the term used to
describe the Greek–speaking world in ancient times, however, the dates for the beginning or end of
the Ancient Greek period are not generally agreed upon. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt, people were divided into seven different levels. At the
top was the Pharaoh with the government officials, nobles and priests under him/her. The fourth
level consisted of the scribes and soldiers with the craftsmen and merchants making up the middle
class in the fifth level. Farmers and unskilled individuals were in the sixth level with the slaves
making up the lowest level. As would be expected, each level of the social chain came with specific
duties. The top of the social chain was called the Pharaoh, which was the political and social leader
of Egypt. The Pharaoh's duty was to make the law and maintain order. Following the Pharaoh came
the nobles, priests and government officials. The government officials consisted of members of the
royal family who assisted in running the government. The nobles, were the only group, beside the
royal family, who could hold a government office. They ruled the regions of Egypt, made local laws
and maintained order. The priest, served the gods and conducted rituals and ceremonies to keep the
gods happy. Scribes, part of the fourth level of the chain, were some of the only people in Egypt
who could read and write. They kept the records of the country, including the amount of food
produced and gifts presented to the gods. Soldiers were also part of this level and their job was
obvious, fight and protect the land when needed. When they were not fighting in wars, they were
supervising the farmers and slaves while they built structures. The next level, the middle class,
consisted of craftsmen, merchants and other skilled workers such as doctors. Merchants sold the
goods made by craftsmen and doctors treated the injured. Craftsmen included carpenters, jewelers,
metalworkers, painters, potters, sculptors, stone carvers and weavers. After the middle class, came

Essay On Byzantine Empire
Ancient Egypt is an ancient civilization which achieved many advancements in technology, and
culture. The location of Ancient Egypt was in North Africa, in the Mediterranean area and the
climate was hot and dry. Ancient Egypt had started in North Africa because of the Nile River, which
provided a water source to the people, and the region also contained fertile soil which provided
farmers an advantage in agriculture. The government type of Ancient Egypt is a Monarchy, and the
government leader was a Pharaoh, the Pharaoh had control over the country, and was able to control
aspects of the country, such as appointing representatives which controlled areas of Ancient Egypt.
The religion practiced by Ancient Egypt was polytheism, which means that ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Byzantine Empire was located within Europe and Asia at its height, and the capital of The
Byzantine Empire is Constantinople. The climate of the Byzantine Empire was mostly hot and dry
in the summer in Europe and some parts of Asia, but during the winter it was mostly wet and cold.
The Byzantine Empire had started in Constantinople for multiple reasons, one of the reasons was
because it easy to defend from potential enemies, and it was a huge source of income for the
Byzantine Empire because of trade. The government type of the Byzantine Empire was a monarchy,
the government was being controlled by an individual also known as the Emperor, and he had a
broad range of abilities within the country, such as being able to control all branches of the
government and more. The religion practiced by people in the Byzantine Empire was Christianity
which was highly influential, and the religion was connected to the government because the
Emperor was able to control aspects of Christianity within the Byzantine Empire, such as the
Emperor appointing a patriarch who was considered the head of a church. The Byzantine Empire
had been advanced for multiple reasons, one of the reasons why they were advanced was because of
the economy, for example, Constantinople was one of the largest sources of income for the
Byzantine Empire because it was widely known for trading. Another reason why

Essay on Egyptian Art and Culture
Egyptian Art and Culture
Current scholarship generally acknowledges that art does not exist in a vacuum. Rather, art is an
expression of the culture which creates it, revealing common beliefs, aspirations, and feelings.
Within the vein of "cultural art history" the true nature of ancient Egypt has become the focus of
much questioning. Much has been said regarding this ancient civilization within the context of the
continent of
Africa. The focus has not been merely geographic–although some scholars contend that the physical
location of Egypt has been all but overlooked. At the core of this controversy is the issue of ethnicity
and culture. What was the identity of the people who built and populated ancient Egypt?1
Many scholars decry the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shu and Tefnut, representing Space in its dual aspects, male and female, were of the first generation.
They in turn
"engendered Geb and Nut"–earth and sky, who "gave birth to Osiris,
Horus, Seth, Isis, and Nepthys and they "gave birth to the multitudes of this world."4
In another version, the creation was understood in its first state as metaphysical, attributed to Atum.
On the spectrum, creation progressed each step closer toward matter. Myth often relates the story of
Ptah, the divine blacksmith, who "brought materialization to the entities created by Atum." And, to
Khnum, the divine potter, who modeled men and things from clay on his potter's wheel.5
It is within this framework that the Egyptians conceived of what it meant to be human. A distinction
was made between the aspects of a human being of that which was eternal and that which was
subject to cycles of death and rebirth. According to funerary texts, humans are composed of a mortal
body, called the "kha," and three immortal elements known as the "akh," "ba," and "ka." These have
been translated as the spirit, soul, and double. More current interpretation assigns a less specified
role for each entity.
Regardless of the translation, an understanding of the concept of creation by the divine, imparting
multiple aspects to each being was necessary to the Egyptian use of art to represent themselves and
deities. The personification of the

Euphrate And Mesopotamia Similarities
The Egyptian and Mesopotamian early civilizations came to be what they are today because when
they both settled down into their locations, their civilization thrived. They thrived because they were
located near rivers and fertile land. Ancient Egypt was located close to the Nile River, in North East
Africa. The life of Ancient Egypt was centered around the river Nile and the fertile land along its
banks. Ancient Mesopotamia was located in what is now Southern Iraq. Ancient Mesopotamia was
between two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. It was also included in part of the "fertile
crescent". The "fertile crescent" was a place where it was easy to grow food, and there are rivers and
streams that are fed from the mountains, and a rainy season that helps water the soil.
Some of the similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia are that the Tigris and the Euphrates
rivers in Mesopotamia and the Nile River in Egypt were essential to the survival of these two
civilizations. Also, both Egypt and Mesopotamia suffered from flooding of their own ... Show more
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Egypt emphasized strong central authority, while Mesopotamian politics shifted more frequently
over a substructure of regional city–states. Next, Mesopotamian art focused on less monumental
structures, while embracing a pronounced literary element that Egyptian art did not have. Also,
Mesopotamians lacked access to the great stones for building, while Egyptians could import them
for their monuments. The Mesopotamians didn't have that much belief for the afterlife, but the
Egyptians made great tombs and pyramids that have made Egypt and some of the pharaohs live on
in human memory in motivation to the afterlife. Finally, Mesopotamia was more productive of
technological improvements because their environment was more difficult to manage than the
Egyptian's

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