The care of older adult is crucial in the present scenario. there are changes that occur in all aspects in the late years of life. the presentation explains the comprehensive changes and their effective management by health care personal.
3. INTRODUCTION:-
Aging, the normal process of time-
related change, begins with birth and
continues throughout life.
Gerontological nursing is the specialty
of nursing pertaining to older adults
who work in collaboration with older
adults, their families, and communities
to support healthy aging, maximum
functioning, and quality of life.
4. DEFINITIONS: -
Geriatrics: the study of old age
that includes the physiology,
pathology, diagnosis, and
management of the disorders and
diseases of older adults
Gerontology: the combined
biologic, psychologic, and
5. Gerontology /geriatric nursing:
The term gerontological nursing, which
replaced the term geriatric nursing in the
1970s, is seen as being more consistent
with the specialty's broader focus on
health and wellness, in addition to illness.
The field of nursing that specializes in the
nursing process as it relates to the
assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation of older
adults in all environments including acute,
intermediate, and skilled care as well as
6. DEMOGRAPHICS OF AGING
Between 2000 and 2050, the number of people in the world
who are over age 60 is predicted increase from 605 million
to 2 billion.
8. These data are showing that:
The proportion of older adults is already
high and continuing to increase in more
developed countries.
The share of India’s population ages 60
and older is projected to climb from 8% in
2010 to 19% in 2050, according to the
United Nations Population Division (UN
2011).
By mid-century, India’s 60 and older
population is expected to encompass 323
million people, a number greater than the
9. The increasing
number of old
people is like a
challenge and
opportunity
both…….
Aging is a
process not a
disease……
13. PSYCHOSOCIAL CHANGES:
Retirement and Social isolation
Sexuality
Elder neglect
Elder abuse
Housing and environment
Death
Stress and Coping in
the Older Adult
14. COGNITIVE CHANGES
Delirium: or an acute confusional state, is a
potentially reversible cognitive impairment that
is often due to a physiological cause
Depression: It is the most common affective or
mood disorder of old age and is often
responsive to treatment. Its classification and
diagnosis vary according to the number,
severity, and duration of symptoms.
Dementia: Dementia is generalized impairment
of intellectual functioning that interferes with
social and occupational functioning
15. PHARMACOLOGIC ASPECTS OF
AGING
Absorption: Reduced gastric acid; increased
pH (less acid), Reduced gastrointestinal motility;
prolonged gastric emptying
Distribution: Decreased albumin sites,
Reduced cardiac output, Impaired peripheral
blood flow, Increased percentage of body fat,
Decreased lean body mass
Metabolism: Decreased cardiac output and
decreased, perfusion of the liver
Excretion: Decreased renal blood flow; loss of
16. THE COMMON AGE RELATED
PROBLEMS
Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis
Cardiovascular disease Alzheimer‘s
Diabetes
18. MYTH: FACT:
Most older people are pretty
much alike. They are a very diverse age group.
They are generally alone and
lonely.
Most older adults maintain close contact with
family.
They are sick, frail, and
dependent on others. Most older people live independently.
They are often cognitively
impaired
For most older adults, if there is decline in some
intellectual abilities, it is not severe enough to
cause problems in daily living.
They are depressed.
Community dwelling older adults have lower rates
of diagnosable depression than younger adults.
They become more difficult and
rigid with advancing years.
Personality remains relatively consistent
throughout the lifespan.
They barely cope with the
inevitable declines associated
with aging.
Most older people successfully adjust to the
challenges of aging.
AGING: MYTH VS. FACT
19. DEVELOPMENT OF
GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
1950- 1st Gerontological nursing text
published, Geriatrics recognized as an
area of specialization in nursing.
1961- ANA recommends specialty group
for geriatric nurses.
1966- Formation of geriatric nursing
division of ANA
1969- Development of standards for
geriatric nursing practice
20. Cont….
1976- ANA changes name from Geriatric
Nursing division to Gerontological nursing
division.
1981- First international conference on
Gerontological nursing.
1982- Development of Robert Wood
Johnson teaching Home Nursing Program.
1984- Formation of National
Gerontological Nursing Association.
21. SCOPE
Gerontological nurses work in a
variety of settings, including
acute care hospitals,
rehabilitation, nursing homes
(also known as long term care
homes and skilled nursing
facilities), assisted living facilities,
retirement homes, community
health agencies, and the patient's
22. TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Gerontological nursing includes
generalist and specialist practice.
National nursing organizations such
as the American Nurses
Credentialing Center, the Canadian
Nurses Association offer certification
in gerontological nursing.
In order to be certified, the nurse
must have a minimum academic
preparation, experience as a
23. Developmental Theories of aging
Acc to Erikson (1963) theorized that a person’s life
consists of eight stages,
Each stage representing a crucial turning point in
the life span stretching from birth to death with its
own developmental conflict to be resolved.
According to Erikson, the major developmental
task of old age is to either achieve ego integrity or
suffer despair. Achieving ego integrity requires
accepting one’s lifestyle, believing that one’s
choices were the best that could be made at a
particular time, and being in control of one’s life.
Despair results when an older person feels
dissatisfied and disappointed with his or her life,
and would live differently if given another chance.
24. Cont….
Havighurst (1972) also suggested a list of
developmental tasksbthat occur during a
lifetime. The tasks of the older person
includebadjusting to retirement after a
lifetime of employment with a possible
reduction of income, decreases in physical
strength and health, the death of a spouse,
establishing affiliation with one’s age group,
adapting to new social roles in a flexible
way, and establishing satisfactory physical
living arrangements.
25. Cont…
Combining the concepts of both Erikson and
Havighurst
suggests the following developmental tasks for the
older adult:
(1) Maintenance Of Self-worth,
(2) Conflict Resolution,
(3) Adjustment To The Loss Of Dominant Roles,
(4) Adjustment To The Deaths Of Significant Others,
(5) Environmental Adaptation, And
(6) Maintenance Of Optimal Levels Of Wellness.
26. PRINCIPLES OF
GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
PRACTICE
Aging is a natural process common to all
living organisms.
Various factors influence the aging process.
Unique data and knowledge are used in
applying the nursing process to the older
populations.
The elderly share similar self-care and
human needs with all other human beings.
Gerontological nursing strives to help older
adults achieve optimum levels of physical,
psychological, social and spiritual and
27. Ana standards of gerontological
nursing practice (nursing care)
I. Assessment
II. Diagnosis
III. Outcome identification
IV. Planning
V. Implementations
VI. Evaluation
VII. Research
VIII. Resource Utilization
28. Life Care Plans for older adults
Evaluation of the older ADLs
Complete history
Family issues
Vocational/educational history
Projected physical and
occupational therapy needs
Future medical care
Personal items
Diagnostic testing
Medical equipment and supply
needs
Recreational equipment
29. ROLE OF DIFFERENTE AGENCIES
The Role of the
Family
Community Support
Services
Home Health Care
Safety and Comfort
in the Home
Environment
Hospice Services
31. HEALER
Overcome or cope with disease restore
function and purpose in life and mobilize internal and
external resources.
Recognizes that most human beings value
health, are responsible and active participants in
their health maintenance and illness management, and
desires harmony and wholeness with their
environment.
Holistic approach is essential viewed in context of
their biological, emotional, social, cultural and spiritual
32. CAREGIVER
Conscientious application of Nursing
process to care of elders.
Inherent in this role is the active
participation of older adults and their
significant others and promotion of highest
degree of self care in elderly.
Providing care, efficiency and best interest
that rob them of their existing
33. EDUCATOR
Formal and informal opportunities to share
knowledge, skills related to care of older adults.
Educating others including normal aging,
pathophysiology, geriatric pharmacology and
resources.
Essential to this role is effective communication
involving listening, interacting, clarifying,
coaching, validating and evaluating.
34. ADVOCATE
Advocacy including aiding older adults
in asserting their rights and obtaining
required services, facilitating a
community or other group’s effort to
affect change and achieve benefits for
older adults.
35. INNOVATOR
Assumes an inquisitive style, making
conscious decisions and efforts to
experiment for an end result to improved
gerontological practices.
38. SUMMARY
GERIATIC NURSING: it is the field of nursing
that specializes in the care of the elderly.
Older people have increasingly been the focus
of health and social care policy.
Health and social care policy impacts
significantly on older people, and in particular on
their continuing care needs.
Changes in the boundaries of health provision
and pressures for cost containment have
profoundly affected older people as well as
service providers.