Open education, OER and the African context
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Programme, looking at open education, OER, what this means in an African context and what we have accomplished at Siyavula within South Africa.
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Open education, OER and the African context
- 2. OPEN education? Let's get your initial ideas!
- 3. Why open education matters Link to video: http://vimeo.com/43401199
- 4. “a collective term to describe institutional practices and programmatic initiatives that broaden access to the learning and training traditionally offered through formal education systems”
- 5. “open” in open education = elimination of barriers What barriers? ● ● ● High cost Access to resources Distance to institutions ● ● ● Restrictive copyright laws Incompatible technology Academic admission requirements ● Accreditation
- 6. When and how did it all start? Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to education . Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages” (United Nations, 1948, Art. 26, para. 1)
- 7. A bit of history... On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
- 8. A bit of history... Global Open Education movement On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
- 9. Take home message Openness in education is not a new idea, fundamentally, education is a human right. And looking at the historical development “shows us not only a technological, but also a social, cultural and economic phenomenon.” On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
- 10. Key players The 4Rs: Reuse Remix Revise Redistribute David Wiley 1998: “Open Content” Open Source Initiative (CC-BY) David Wiley (CC-BY) A creative work freely available for modification, use and redistribution under a license similar to those used by the Open Source / Free Software community
- 11. Key players Richard Baranuik 1999: Connexions A global repository for educational content, provided by volunteers, available for remixing, editing and download in various formats.
- 12. Key players Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2001: MIT OpenCourseWare MIT committed to putting all their content (lecture notes, syllabi, lecture videos) for all their courses on the web, freely accessible to the public
- 13. Open Educational Resources (OER) "teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge" William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
- 14. Key players Larry Lessig 2001: Creative Commons A non-profit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools. Lawrence Lessig (CC-BY)
- 15. A shared culture Link to video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DKm96Ftfko
- 16. Open licenses are a tool to enable sharing, legally
- 18. A global change
- 19. OER initiatives
- 20. Enter the MOOC Massive Open Online Course 2012: “The year of the MOOC” www.mooc-list.com
- 21. Enter the MOOC MOOC poster (CC-BY)
- 22. Benefits of open licenses and OER OER are freely available for use by educators and learners, without the need to pay royalties Remember the 4 Rs? Reuse Remix Revise Redistribute
- 23. Benefits of open licenses and OER Let's brainstorm! ● ● We can't afford new textbooks for our school. I can't afford the textbook for my university course. ● The resources we have do not suit our needs or context. ● ● Our textbooks do not align to our curriculum or standards. ● ● ● Our textbooks are outdated. I want to share my notes with others in my community. We don't have additional resources for students to go beyond the lesson. I want to add in my own activities to existing resources but don't know how.
- 24. Benefits of open licenses and OER Grant freedoms instead of impose restrictions Sharing is fundamental to teaching Collaboration
- 25. Open education and OER in Africa CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr Contexts abound and all are challenging Every child deserves a chance Parklands School gallery
- 26. Open education and OER in Africa CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr Build capacity by providing educators free or low-cost access to tools, content and communities of practice ● ● ● Parklands School gallery Reduce the cost of access to educational materials Adapt and develop materials relevant to African contexts and learners
- 27. Open education and OER in Africa Plays a leading role in supporting higher education institutions across Africa in the development and use of OER to enhance teaching and learning, covering teacher education, agriculture and health. The African Virtual University released 73 of its courses as OER in 2006, and has since developed the OER@AVU repository to increase the number of Africans using and adapting OER. An initiative which brings together teachers and teacher educators across sub-Saharan Africa, offering a range of OER to support school based teacher education and training.
- 28. Siyavula – 'we are opening' Community Siyavula is a social enterprise built on community, openness and technology, y y log log no no ch ch Te Te Op e nn es s working to make high quality educational resources available to every learner and teacher in South Africa.
- 30. What we have done
- 31. Technology enables and enriches
- 32. Open everything... Open processes - iterative, transparent and collaborative Open copyright licenses - freedom to distribute, adapt and enhance Open standards - formats that enable the freedoms Opensource software - freedom distribute, adapt and enhance
- 33. National distribution in South Africa ~ 10 million books
- 34. Community - Volunteers y y log log no no ch ch Te Te Op en ne s s Community
- 35. Who? Volunteers: Postgrad students: Honours, Masters, PhD Lecturers and senior lecturers Educators People in industry Provide a space for people to give back meaningfully to education in South Africa
- 36. Why? South Africa has many different contexts Teachers are from different backgrounds that teach in different areas Drawing on these experiences helps us ensure that our textbooks include aspects that are relevant to the different contexts More eyes = fewer errors that slip through
- 37. How? Recruitment
- 38. How? Workshops
- 40. How? Online translation and translation days
- 42. Challenges of OER? Technology Awareness Sustainability Open business models
- 43. Let's remix!
- 48. OPEN education? Let's get your initial ideas!
- 49. Why open education matters Link to video: http://vimeo.com/43401199
- 50. “a collective term to describe institutional practices and programmatic initiatives that broaden access to the learning and training traditionally offered through formal education systems”
- 51. “open” in open education = elimination of barriers What barriers? ● ● ● High cost Access to resources Distance to institutions ● ● ● Restrictive copyright laws Incompatible technology Academic admission requirements ● Accreditation
- 52. When and how did it all start? Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to education . Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages” (United Nations, 1948, Art. 26, para. 1)
- 53. A bit of history... On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
- 54. A bit of history... Global Open Education movement On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
- 55. Take home message Openness in education is not a new idea, fundamentally, education is a human right. And looking at the historical development “shows us not only a technological, but also a social, cultural and economic phenomenon.” On the role of openness in education: A historical reconstruction (CC-BY)
- 56. Key players The 4Rs: Reuse Remix Revise Redistribute David Wiley 1998: “Open Content” Open Source Initiative (CC-BY) David Wiley (CC-BY) A creative work freely available for modification, use and redistribution under a license similar to those used by the Open Source / Free Software community
- 57. Key players Richard Baranuik 1999: Connexions A global repository for educational content, provided by volunteers, available for remixing, editing and download in various formats.
- 58. Key players Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2001: MIT OpenCourseWare MIT committed to putting all their content (lecture notes, syllabi, lecture videos) for all their courses on the web, freely accessible to the public
- 59. Open Educational Resources (OER) "teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. Open educational resources include full courses, course materials, modules, textbooks, streaming videos, tests, software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge" William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
- 60. Key players Larry Lessig 2001: Creative Commons A non-profit organization that enables the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools. Lawrence Lessig (CC-BY)
- 61. A shared culture Link to video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DKm96Ftfko
- 62. Open licenses are a tool to enable sharing, legally
- 64. A global change
- 65. OER initiatives
- 66. Enter the MOOC Massive Open Online Course 2012: “The year of the MOOC” www.mooc-list.com
- 67. Enter the MOOC MOOC poster (CC-BY)
- 68. Benefits of open licenses and OER OER are freely available for use by educators and learners, without the need to pay royalties Remember the 4 Rs? Reuse Remix Revise Redistribute
- 69. Benefits of open licenses and OER Let's brainstorm! ● ● We can't afford new textbooks for our school. I can't afford the textbook for my university course. ● The resources we have do not suit our needs or context. ● ● Our textbooks do not align to our curriculum or standards. ● ● ● Our textbooks are outdated. I want to share my notes with others in my community. We don't have additional resources for students to go beyond the lesson. I want to add in my own activities to existing resources but don't know how.
- 70. Benefits of open licenses and OER Grant freedoms instead of impose restrictions Sharing is fundamental to teaching Collaboration
- 71. Open education and OER in Africa CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr Contexts abound and all are challenging Every child deserves a chance Parklands School gallery
- 72. Open education and OER in Africa CC-BY on Flickr CC-BY on Flickr Build capacity by providing educators free or low-cost access to tools, content and communities of practice ● ● ● Parklands School gallery Reduce the cost of access to educational materials Adapt and develop materials relevant to African contexts and learners
- 73. Open education and OER in Africa Plays a leading role in supporting higher education institutions across Africa in the development and use of OER to enhance teaching and learning, covering teacher education, agriculture and health. The African Virtual University released 73 of its courses as OER in 2006, and has since developed the OER@AVU repository to increase the number of Africans using and adapting OER. An initiative which brings together teachers and teacher educators across sub-Saharan Africa, offering a range of OER to support school based teacher education and training.
- 74. Siyavula – 'we are opening' Community Siyavula is a social enterprise built on community, openness and technology, y y log log no no ch ch Te Te Op en ne ss working to make high quality educational resources available to every learner and teacher in South Africa.
- 76. What we have done
- 77. Technology enables and enriches
- 78. Open everything... Open processes - iterative, transparent and collaborative Open copyright licenses - freedom to distribute, adapt and enhance Open standards - formats that enable the freedoms Opensource software - freedom distribute, adapt and enhance
- 79. National distribution in South Africa ~ 10 million books
- 81. Who? Volunteers: Postgrad students: Honours, Masters, PhD Lecturers and senior lecturers Educators People in industry Provide a space for people to give back meaningfully to education in South Africa
- 82. Why? South Africa has many different contexts Teachers are from different backgrounds that teach in different areas Drawing on these experiences helps us ensure that our textbooks include aspects that are relevant to the different contexts More eyes = fewer errors that slip through
- 83. How? Recruitment
- 84. How? Workshops
- 86. How? Online translation and translation days
- 88. Challenges of OER? Technology Awareness Sustainability Open business models
- 89. Let's remix!