Preparing for java 9 modules upload
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Java 9 ships in July, are you ready for Java 9 modules? Java 9 modules (aka Project Jigsaw) is the biggest fundamental change to the Java runtime. Code that use Oracle/Sun private APIs will break. This session will cover the basics of Java 9 modules and also the current state of tooling. The ramifications to existing and legacy applications will be covered along with the steps you’ll need to take to harness the power of modules and write more maintainable systems.
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Preparing for java 9 modules upload
- 1. Preparing for Java 9 Modules Ryan Cuprak
- 2. About Twitter: @ctjava Email: rcuprak@gmail.com / r5k@3ds.com Blog: cuprak.info Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/rcuprak
- 3. Project Jigsaw Goals • Make the Java platform scalable for small computing devices. • Improve platform security and maintainability • Enable improved application performance • Simplify library creation and application development Reliable configuration Strong Encapsulation
- 4. Why Modules? • Java currently suffers from JAR ”hell” • Maven tracks dependencies but no runtime enforcement • No guarantee an application can start: NoClassDefFoundError • Possible to mix library versions on classpath: • commons-io-2.5 and commons-io-1.6 – what happens? • Existing module frameworks (OSGi) can’t be used to modularize the Java platform.
- 5. Project Jigsaw Pieces • JEPs • 200: Modular JDK • 201: Modular Source Code • 220: Modular Run-time Images • 260: Encapsulate Most Internal APIs • 261: Module System • 282: jlink: Java Linker • JSR 376 Java Platform Module System
- 6. Project Jigsaw • Target Release Date: July 27th now September 21st 2017 You now have time!
- 7. Comparing Jigsaw / OSGi / Java EE Feature Jigsaw OSGi Java EE Allows cycles between packages in different modules ❌ ✅ ✅ Isolated package namespaces ❌ ✅ ✅ Allows lazy loading ❌ ✅ ✅ Allows dynamic package addition ❌ ✅ ✅ Unrestricted naming ❌ ❌ ✅ Allows multiple versions of an artifact* ❌ ✅ ✅ Allows split packages ❌ ✅ ✅ Allows textual descriptor ❌ ✅ ✅ Source: https://goo.gl/7RKqQx
- 8. Class Loading & Module System Bootstrap Loader Platform Loader Application Loader Java Platform Module System Java Virtual Machine java.base java.logging java.sql java.corba jdk.compiler log4j
- 9. Common Questions • Do I have to modularize my application to run on Java 9? • Will my Java 6/7/8 application compile on Java 9? • Will my Java 6/7/8 application run un-modified on Java 9? • How do I identify problems today? - NO - - Depends – using private APIs? - - Depends – using private APIs? - - jdeps -
- 10. Common Questions… • Can I partially leverage modules? • Is tooling ready? (Maven/Gradle/IntelliJ/NetBeans/etc.) • Do application containers work on 9 today? • Can I try out Java 9 today? - YES - - Absolutely NOT - - Maybe - - YES -
- 11. JEP 200: Modular JDK JDK is fully modularized!
- 12. jdeps • Command line tool included with Java 8 • Static class dependency checker • Key parameters • -jdkinternals – flags internal API usage that will break in Java 9 • -dotoutput <dir> - dot output files • -cp – classpath to analyze • -verbose:class/package – package/class level dependencies • Use jdeps on all generated output and dependencies
- 13. jdeps – Example jdeps -jdkinternals jide-common.jar jide-common.jar -> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_121.jdk/Contents/Home/jre/lib/rt.jar com.jidesoft.plaf.aqua.AquaJidePopupMenuUI (jide-common.jar) -> com.apple.laf.AquaPopupMenuUI JDK internal API (rt.jar) com.jidesoft.plaf.aqua.AquaRangeSliderUI (jide-common.jar) -> apple.laf.JRSUIConstants JDK internal API (rt.jar) -> apple.laf.JRSUIConstants$Orientation JDK internal API (rt.jar) -> apple.laf.JRSUIConstants$State JDK internal API (rt.jar) -> com.apple.laf.AquaSliderUI JDK internal API (rt.jar) com.jidesoft.plaf.basic.BasicFolderChooserUI (jide-common.jar) -> sun.awt.shell.ShellFolder JDK internal API (rt.jar) com.jidesoft.plaf.basic.BasicPainter (jide-common.jar) -> sun.swing.plaf.synth.SynthIcon JDK internal API (rt.jar) com.jidesoft.plaf.metal.MetalUtils$GradientPainter (jide-common.jar) -> sun.swing.CachedPainter JDK internal API (rt.jar) com.jidesoft.plaf.windows.AnimationController (jide-common.jar) -> sun.awt.AppContext JDK internal API (rt.jar) -> sun.security.action.GetBooleanAction JDK internal API (rt.jar) … JIDE: Widely used Swing component library (jidesoft.com)
- 15. jdeps: Build Integration Maven JDeps Plugin: https://goo.gl/thr88W Goals: • jdeps:jdkinternals • jdeps:test-jdkinternals
- 16. MODULE BASICS
- 17. Java Visibility Today How do you hide the implementation class?
- 18. Java Accessibility JDK 1-8 JDK 9+ public public protected public to specific modules <package> public only within a module private protected <package> private
- 19. Module Definition • module-info.java defines a module • Contents define the following: • Unique name of the module • Dependencies of the module • Packages to be exported for use by other modules • Placed at root of the namespace Module Name exports requires
- 20. Module Definition <open> module <module-name> { [export <java package> [to <module name>] [requires [transitive] <module-name>] [opens <module name> [to <module name]] [provides <interface> with <implementation>] [uses <interface>] }
- 21. Module Basics • Module names must be unique • Names should follow reverse domain name pattern • Modules are eagerly loaded • Dependency graph is built and checked on startup • Application won’t start if modules are missing • No support for versioning • Only one version of a module may be loaded • Layers maybe used to load different versions of a module
- 22. About Versioning… • Two modules with the same package names in them are considered to be different versions of the same module. • Two modules with the same name are considered to be two versions of the same module. • Concealed package conflicts: • When two modules have the same package name in them, but the package is private in both modules, the module system cannot load both modules into the same layer
- 23. Introducing the Module Path • Module path augments / extends the classpath • All command line tools now include both --module-path --upgrade-module-path --add-modules --describe-module --dry-run --validate-modules • Use java –list-modules to see all available modules Parameters on java command
- 24. JDK Modules • jdk.base is included by default. • java.se and java.se.ee are aggregator modules • java.se.ee contains the following modules: • java.corba • java.transaction • java.xml.ws.annotation • javax.xml.ws • java.xml.bind • java.activation • java runs with java.se modules – not java.se.ee
- 27. Simple Module Example javac -d out src/org/ctjava/services/MeetingService.java src/org/ctjava/services/impl/MeetingServiceImpl.java src/module-info.java Cannot use reflection to find MeetingServiceImpl
- 28. Simple Module Example… Compiler Output: Module Definition
- 29. Multiple Modules
- 30. Compiling javac -d out --module-source-path src $(find . -name "*.java") Module Module Directory containing module uses module name. Names must match or compiler error.
- 31. Packaging jar --create --file=org.ctjava.model@1.0.jar --module-version=1.0 -C out/org.ctjava.model . jar --create --file=org.ctjava.service@1.0.jar --module-version=1.0 -C out/org.ctjava.service . Note: Module version isn’t used for module resolution. It is recorded in module-info.class.
- 34. Qualified Exports Admin utility uses a JavaFX UI
- 35. Qualified Exports… Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564) at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:946) Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to construct Application instance: class org.ctjava.admin.AdminConsole at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:963) at javafx.graphics/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$2(LauncherImpl.java:198) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:844) Caused by: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: class com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl (in module javafx.graphics) cannot access class org.ctjava.admin.AdminConsole (in module org.ctjava.admin) because module org.ctjava.admin does not export org.ctjava.admin to module javafx.graphics • JavaFX LauncherImpl cannot access AdminConsole • Class in javafx.graphics tried to instantiate AdminConsole in org.ctjava.admin
- 37. jlink • Generates a runtime-image including the JVM. • Only required modules are included • Basic invocation: jlink --module-path <modulepath> --add-modules <modules> --limit-modules <modules> --output <path> Demo used JavaFX: 95 mb Full JDK: 454 mb
- 38. DIGGING DEEPER
- 39. Deprecated Modules Code compiled using Java 8:
- 40. Deprecated Modules… java -jar WebEndpointTest.jar Worked on Java 8 – what happened? Fix: java --add-modules java.xml.ws -jar WebEndpointTest.jar
- 41. Module Types Automatic Modules • Mechanism for using JARs which do not include a module-info.java configuration • Export all of the JAR packages • Reads all other modules • Module name is dynamically generated Unamed Module • Alls JARs and classes on the classpath will be contained un the Unamed Module. • Similar to Automatic Modules • Does not possess a name Platform Modules • JDK modules
- 42. JARs & Module System --module-path -classpath Modular JAR Application Module Unnamed Module Non-modular JAR Automatic Module Unnamed Module Unnamed module name: ALL-UNNAMED
- 43. Readability Module Type Origin Export Packages Read Modules Named Platform Provided by platform Explicitly Named Application All JARS containing module-info on the module path Explicitly • Platform • Application • Automatic Automatic All JARs without module- info but on module path All • Platform • Application • Automatic • Unnamed Unnamed Classpath All • Platform • Automatic • Application
- 45. Automatic Modules… Code in MyInvocationLibrary: Code in org.ctjava.admin – module:
- 46. Automatic Modules… java.lang.IllegalAccessException: class org.ctjava.util.InstantiateUtility (in module MyInvocationLibrary) cannot access class org.ctjava.admin.AdminCallback (in module org.ctjava.admin) because module org.ctjava.admin does not export org.ctjava.admin to module MyInvocationLibrary
- 47. Escape & Encapsulation Kill Switch Important javac command line options: --add-opens – opens a package --permit-illegal-access - All code in the unnamed module can access other types regardless of any limitations. Will result in a WARNING: to be removed in Java 10.
- 48. SERVICES
- 49. Services • API first added in Java 6 • Rarely used outside of JDK • Enhanced/altered for Jigsaw
- 50. Services Example
- 54. JAVA 9 TOOLING June 2017 Status
- 55. Tooling Support • Early access JDK 9 builds: http://jdk.java.net/9/ • Use jenv to swich between Java 8 & 9 http://www.jenv.io/ Examples: jenv local 9-ea (locally switch to Java 9) jevn global 1.8 (globally use Java 8) Note: rt.jar and tools.jar were removed.
- 56. Tooling Support Tool Status NetBeans 9 🔶 Developer Preview IntelliJ 2017.1 ✅ Eclipse 🔶 Maven ❌ Gradle ❌ • Maven & Gradle do not generate module-info.java. • Gradle 3.4 doesn’t work on Java 9 • Maven 3.5 doesn’t completely work (not all plugins compatible) • Eclipse Neon won’t start with Java 9 edit ini file.
- 58. Maven • Maven Shade Plugin and Jigsaw don’t mix (uber jar) • Example project with Maven and Java 9/Jigsaw: • https://goo.gl/rmzKBa
- 59. NetBeans & Java 9 • NetBeans Developer Preview required for Java 9. • New project template for modular projects. • Creates Ant build files
- 60. NetBeans & Java 9 • Module structure not compatible with javac: • <module>/classes/<source code> • Detects imports where the module is not imported. • Does not auto-import yet.
- 61. IntelliJ • Support added in 2017.1 (release March 2017) • For multi-module project: 1. Start with Empty Project 2. Add new module for each Jigsaw module • IntelliJ detects when an import requires a module definition
- 62. Demo
- 63. BEST PRACTICES
- 64. Java 9 Preparation • Analyze dependencies using jdeps • Immediately fix code using internal APIs • Check transitive dependencies for internal JDK APIs • Integrate jdeps into continuous integration • Use Maven JDeps Plugin • Analyze reflection code: setAccessible(true) • Refactor code to remove duplicate packages across JARs • common.jar: com.foo.utilities • Server.jar com.foo.utilitie
- 65. Legacy Code • If using internal JDK API, fix or use flag: --add-exports, --add-opens, --permit-illegal-access • If using removed JDK module: (ex. Activation): --add-modules <module>
- 66. Analyze Project Structure IntelliJ DSM Analyzer https://goo.gl/FLzCL7 Remove cycles!
- 67. Java EE & Spring • Support for Jigsaw unknown • Major effort required for containers to support Jigsaw • Concerns raised in JCP voting over Jigsaw and EE • Regardless: Dependencies on JDK internal APIs must be immediately resolved.
- 68. Desktop App Impact • Impacts of JDK internal dependencies maybe felt more on Java desktop applications • Many hacks were required to work around limitations/bugs in Swing • Older applications may need to be ported to JavaFX Technical Debt Bill is NOW DUE.
- 69. Best Practice • Don’t depend upon java.se • Avoid using qualified exports • Don’t remove exports from a module in future releases • Keep modules-info clean: • requires javafx.controls • requires javafx.base; -- controls already includes base
- 70. Resources • Books • The Java 9 Module System (https://goo.gl/QM1LS1) • Java 9 Modularity (https://goo.gl/zJeYsd) • Links • Issues: https://goo.gl/xK4ymJ • Oracle Talks: http://openjdk.java.net/projects/jigsaw/talks/ • Tutorial: https://goo.gl/ET9Hn1 • Tutorial: https://goo.gl/GzPXTw • Jigsaw vote explanation: https://goo.gl/sWUZvX Focus on newer Jigsaw material (2016 or later)
- 71. Q&A Twitter: @ctjava Email: rcuprak@gmail.com / r5k@3ds.com Blog: cuprak.info Linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/rcuprak Slides: www.slideshare.net/rcuprak/presentations