The document is a learning outline for a chapter on planning that covers:
- Defining planning and differentiating between formal and informal planning
- The purposes of planning and relationship between planning and organizational performance
- Elements of planning like goals, plans, types of goals and plans
- Approaches to establishing goals like traditional goal setting, management by objectives (MBO)
- Developing plans, factors that affect planning, and approaches to planning
- Contemporary issues in planning like criticisms of planning and effective planning in dynamic environments