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Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice - lesson 1

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First lesson for classes using the open-source Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice ebook

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Computer networking Olivier Bonaventure http://perso.uclouvain.be/olivier.bonaventure
Computer networking • What do you already know about computer networks ? • Which topics should be covered in this course ?
Our focus
Course structure • Principles first • reliable transfer, building a network, sharing resources, serving applications • Protocols in details • HTTP, SMTP, DNS, TCP, SCTP, UDP, IPv6, MPLS, RIP, OSPF, BGP, Ethernet, WiFi • Practice • Learning by doing
Teaching material • Second edition, beta version every week • http://cnp3bis.info.ucl.ac.be • Feedback/Fixes/Suggestions/Comments • http://github.com/obonaventure/cnp3
Course organisation • First pass on the week topic (Tue) • Students read and prepare exercises • Multiple choice questions • Some weeks : practical exercises as well • Discussion with teaching assistants (Mon) • Second pass on the week topics (Tue)
Course Team
Learning by doing • At home • MCQ • In the lab • netkit
Why IPv6 ?
IPv6 in Belgium
Course evaluation • Group programming project (15%) • implement one protocol by end October • Individual Analysis (20%) • Review of code • Explain one website -> Dec. • Exam • Both exercises and theory (65%)
Connecting two hosts
The physical layer • Transmitting bits over a wire • Time sequence diagram
The physical layer service Bits 010100010100010101001010 Physical layer Physical layer Physical transmission medium • unreliable service • transmission errors • loss/creation of bits
Modems and ISDN
xDSL and DOCSIS
WiFi
The framing problem • How to extract frames from a sequence of bits ? • Bit stuffing • Character stuffing
How to reliably transfer data ? • Hypothesis • Reliable physical layer service A B Data.request(a) Frame(a) Data.request(b) Frame(b) Data.ind(a) Data.request(c) Frame(c) Data.ind(b) Data.ind(c)
Does this always work ?
Control frames A B Data.req(a) D(a) Data.req(b) C(OK) Data.ind(a) D(b) Data.ind(b) C(OK)
How to deal with transmission errors • Affecting the data frames • Affecting the control frames
Alternating Bit Protocol A B Data.req(a) D(0,a) Data.req(b) C(OK0) Data.ind(a) Duplicate detected D(1,b) Retransmission timer D(1,b) Data.ind(b) D(1,b) recvd C(OK1) Data.req(c) C(OK1) D(0,c) Lost D(1,b) recvd Retransmission timer D(0,c) Data.ind(c)
Performance • What is the performance of this reliable protocol ? • Two high-end servers • 10 Gbps interfaces • 1000 bytes frames • 1 millisecond delay
Pipelining A B • How many frames can A send ? Data.ind(a) Data.req(a) ... D(0,a) ... D(4,e) Data.req(b) Data.req(e) Data.ind(e)
Pipelining example A B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.ind(a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(b) D(0,a) Data.ind(b) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D(1,b) Data.req(c) Data.ind(c) D(2,c) C(OK0) C(OK1) C(OK2) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(d) Data.ind(d) D(3,d) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(e) D(4,e) Sending window
Frame header has limited size A B 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.req(a) Data.ind(a) Data.req(b) D(0,a) Data.ind(b) Data.req(c) D(1,b) Data.ind(c) D(2,c) C(OK0) C(OK1) Data.req(d) C(OK2) Data.ind(d) Data.req(e) D(3,d) D(0,e) Sending window 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
How to deal with errors/frame losses ? • Go-back-n • Selective repeat
Go-back-n A B 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.req(a) Data.req(e) Data.ind(a) D(0,a) Data.req(c) D(2,c) C(OK,0) C(OK,0) Sending window Data.req(b) D(1,b) Lost Not expected seq num, discarded Retransmission timer expires 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Sending window is full D(1,b) Data.ind(b) Data.req(d) D(3,d) Data.ind(d) D(2,c) Data.ind(c)
Selective repeat A B 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.ind(b) Data.req(a) Data.ind(a) D(0,a) 0 1 2 3 Data.req(c) D(2,c) C(OK,0) C(OK,0) Sending window Data.req(b) D(1,b) Lost segment Segment stored D(1,b) Retransmission 0 1 2 3 timer expires 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.ind(c) Data.req(d) D(3,d) Data.ind(d) 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 C(OK,2) C(OK,3) Rec. window 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

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Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice - lesson 1

  • 1. Computer networking Olivier Bonaventure http://perso.uclouvain.be/olivier.bonaventure
  • 2. Computer networking • What do you already know about computer networks ? • Which topics should be covered in this course ?
  • 4. Course structure • Principles first • reliable transfer, building a network, sharing resources, serving applications • Protocols in details • HTTP, SMTP, DNS, TCP, SCTP, UDP, IPv6, MPLS, RIP, OSPF, BGP, Ethernet, WiFi • Practice • Learning by doing
  • 5. Teaching material • Second edition, beta version every week • http://cnp3bis.info.ucl.ac.be • Feedback/Fixes/Suggestions/Comments • http://github.com/obonaventure/cnp3
  • 6. Course organisation • First pass on the week topic (Tue) • Students read and prepare exercises • Multiple choice questions • Some weeks : practical exercises as well • Discussion with teaching assistants (Mon) • Second pass on the week topics (Tue)
  • 8. Learning by doing • At home • MCQ • In the lab • netkit
  • 11. Course evaluation • Group programming project (15%) • implement one protocol by end October • Individual Analysis (20%) • Review of code • Explain one website -> Dec. • Exam • Both exercises and theory (65%)
  • 13. The physical layer • Transmitting bits over a wire • Time sequence diagram
  • 14. The physical layer service Bits 010100010100010101001010 Physical layer Physical layer Physical transmission medium • unreliable service • transmission errors • loss/creation of bits
  • 17. WiFi
  • 18. The framing problem • How to extract frames from a sequence of bits ? • Bit stuffing • Character stuffing
  • 19. How to reliably transfer data ? • Hypothesis • Reliable physical layer service A B Data.request(a) Frame(a) Data.request(b) Frame(b) Data.ind(a) Data.request(c) Frame(c) Data.ind(b) Data.ind(c)
  • 21. Control frames A B Data.req(a) D(a) Data.req(b) C(OK) Data.ind(a) D(b) Data.ind(b) C(OK)
  • 22. How to deal with transmission errors • Affecting the data frames • Affecting the control frames
  • 23. Alternating Bit Protocol A B Data.req(a) D(0,a) Data.req(b) C(OK0) Data.ind(a) Duplicate detected D(1,b) Retransmission timer D(1,b) Data.ind(b) D(1,b) recvd C(OK1) Data.req(c) C(OK1) D(0,c) Lost D(1,b) recvd Retransmission timer D(0,c) Data.ind(c)
  • 24. Performance • What is the performance of this reliable protocol ? • Two high-end servers • 10 Gbps interfaces • 1000 bytes frames • 1 millisecond delay
  • 25. Pipelining A B • How many frames can A send ? Data.ind(a) Data.req(a) ... D(0,a) ... D(4,e) Data.req(b) Data.req(e) Data.ind(e)
  • 26. Pipelining example A B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.ind(a) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(b) D(0,a) Data.ind(b) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D(1,b) Data.req(c) Data.ind(c) D(2,c) C(OK0) C(OK1) C(OK2) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(d) Data.ind(d) D(3,d) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Data.req(e) D(4,e) Sending window
  • 27. Frame header has limited size A B 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.req(a) Data.ind(a) Data.req(b) D(0,a) Data.ind(b) Data.req(c) D(1,b) Data.ind(c) D(2,c) C(OK0) C(OK1) Data.req(d) C(OK2) Data.ind(d) Data.req(e) D(3,d) D(0,e) Sending window 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
  • 28. How to deal with errors/frame losses ? • Go-back-n • Selective repeat
  • 29. Go-back-n A B 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.req(a) Data.req(e) Data.ind(a) D(0,a) Data.req(c) D(2,c) C(OK,0) C(OK,0) Sending window Data.req(b) D(1,b) Lost Not expected seq num, discarded Retransmission timer expires 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Sending window is full D(1,b) Data.ind(b) Data.req(d) D(3,d) Data.ind(d) D(2,c) Data.ind(c)
  • 30. Selective repeat A B 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.ind(b) Data.req(a) Data.ind(a) D(0,a) 0 1 2 3 Data.req(c) D(2,c) C(OK,0) C(OK,0) Sending window Data.req(b) D(1,b) Lost segment Segment stored D(1,b) Retransmission 0 1 2 3 timer expires 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 Data.ind(c) Data.req(d) D(3,d) Data.ind(d) 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 C(OK,2) C(OK,3) Rec. window 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3