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19th Century Art

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ICCD 150 Art History
ICCD 150 Art History

The document provides an overview of 19th century art in Europe and the United States. Key developments included the Industrial Revolution, urbanization, and new technologies influencing architecture. Major works included the Brooklyn Bridge, using steel construction, and the Eiffel Tower, the tallest structure at the time. Photography emerged as an influential new art form, with early pioneers including Niepce, Daguerre, and Muybridge. Art styles included Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Realism. Major artists featured works by Monet, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Munch, Manet, and more.

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19th Century Art
19th Century in Europe and USA • Industrial Revolution – new technology and machines • Urbanization – many people moving to cities • Science and Progress • Freedom of Expression
New Technology in Architecture 19th Century Belief in Progress and Advancement of Civilization Through Science and Technology
Brooklyn Bridge John Augustus Roebling and Washington Augustus Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge (New York), late 19th Century Architecture
Brooklyn Bridge John Augustus Roebling and Washington Augustus Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge (New York), late 19th Century Architecture • Used Steel to make the bridge long • Architect designed twisted wire cable • Bridge 2000 Meters long (longest bridge built at that time) • Gothic style arches
Eiffel Tower Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower (Paris), Late 19th Century Architecture
Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower (Paris), Late 19th Century Architecture • Tallest structure built at that time (used steel) • Built for 1889 Universal Exposition •Classical Round Arch • Exposed steel structure (not covered by walls) • Paris is the “center” of the Art World in 19th Century
Photography and Its Affects • Photography had a profound influence on art in the 19th Century • Portrait Photography became more popular than portrait painting • Many artists have been influenced by the ”realism” in the photos • Some artists starting using photography for references • Some accepted photography as an art form, while others were against photography as art
First photograph Taken by Joseph Nicephone Niepce in France in 1826 Niepce experimented with processes of reproducing still images starting in 1816 But, the process wasn’t practical – exposure time was 8 hours for one photograph
The Daquerreotype • • The first practical process of photography was the daquerreotype, introduced in 1839 • • Invented by Louis-Jacque-Mande Daquerre, a French painter and printmaker
The first daquerreotype (Still life of Classic Roman Objects) Still Life, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, photograph (daguerreotype), 1837
Still Life, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, photograph (daguerreotype), 1837 The first practical process of photography was the daquerreotype, introduced in 1839 This is the first daguerreotype Invented by Louis-Jacque- Mande Daquerre, a French painter and printmaker Still Life with Classic Roman Objects (relief, angels, etc.)
Eadweard Muybridge • •First motion photography which led into “moving pictures” (movies) • • Muybridge was hired by Leland Stanford (founder of Stanford University in USA) to see if there’s a moment when all horses hooves off the ground at same time
Eadweard Muybridge, Horse Galloping, 1878, Photograph (collotype)
Gertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women, 1899, Photography (Platinum Print on Japanese Paper), 23 × 13.2 cm
• Gertrude Kasebier was an American portrait painter who took up photography after raising her family • Narrative photography • Scene from everyday life with a sense of the spiritual and divine • Title refers to a phrase from The Old Testament (Bible) by angel who announced to Virgin Mary that she’ll have a babyGertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women, 1899, Photography (Platinum Print on Japanese Paper), 23 × 13.2 cm
Impressionism • Style that began in France in mid-19th Century (1860’s) • Term impressionism was given to this style by an art critic who thought the art looked unfinished and too “sketchy” • Interest in color and light • Painted outdoors “Plein air” • French culture
Claude Monet, The Water Lily Pond Oil on Canvas 1899 93 cm x 74 cm
Claude Monet The Water Lily Pond Oil on Canvas 1899 Water Lilies is a series of 250 oil paintings that Monet worked on for the last 30 years of his life in his garden at his home, Giverny Tradition of Landscape Painting Symbolism of flowers Japanese influence, including the bridge and water lilies 93 cm x 74 cm
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Moulin de la Galette, oil on canvas, 1876, 1.31 m x 1.75 m
Pierre-Auguste Renoir Moulin de la Galette oil on canvas 1876, 1.31 m x 1.75 m • Relaxing on a Sunday afternoon in Paris • Fashionable Youth Moulin de la Galette Moulin = Mill Galette = type of pastry • Light coming through the trees (color and light)
Berthe Morisot Berthe Morisot, Summer’s Day, Oil on Canvas, 1879, 45.7 cm × 75.2 cm
• Painterly (loose brushwork) • Color and Light (reflections on water) • Women accepted as artists in 19th Century • Morisot painted mainly French Women Berthe Morisot, Summer’s Day, Oil on Canvas, 1879, 45.7 cm × 75.2 cm
Japonisme • Name given to French art inspired by Japanese art during the 19th Century • Japan began to trade with Western countries in the 19th Century • Europeans become interested in Japanese culture (collected Japanese objects and art)
Utagawa Hiroshige Bamboo Yards, Kyôbashi Bridge (One Hundred Views of Edo series) Woodblock Print 1857 36.2 x 23.7 cm
• Woodblock Printing (Ukiyo-e) Traditional Japanese Medium • First manga • Flat Shapes with outlines • Dull color with a few areas of bright color • Looking down into the picture • Diagonal movement Utagawa Hiroshige Bamboo Yards, Kyôbashi Bridge (One Hundred Views of Edo series), Woodblock Print 1857, 36.2 x 23.7 cm
Edgar Degas, The Rehearsal on Stage, Oil on Canvas, 1874, 54.3 x 73 cm
Edgar Degas, The Rehearsal on Stage, Oil on Canvas, 1874, 54.3 x 73 cm • Inspired by Japanese Woodblock Prints • Theme of Ballet Dancers (Movement of Dancers / French Culture) • Creative Process – dancers are practicing, not performing
Comparison
Henri de Toulouse Lautrec, Jane Avril, Lithographic Poster, 1893, 129.1 x 93.5 cm
Inspired by Japanese Woodblock Prints From a series of posters advertising Bars, Dancers, Musicians in Paris Lithograph – type of printmaking invented in 19th Century Art Nouveau style (International Design Movement started in France) Henri de Toulouse Lautrec, Jane Avril, Lithographic Poster, 1893, 129.1 x 93.5 cm
Mary Cassatt Maternal Caress Drypoint, Aquatint, and Etching (Printmaking Techniques) 1890 – 91 43.8 × 30.3 cm
Mary Cassatt, Maternal Caress, Drypoint, Aquatint, and Etching (Printmaking Techniques), 1890 – 91, 43.8 × 30.3 cm • Inspired by Japanese Woodblock Prints (Cassatt collected them) • Universal Theme of Mother and Child • Mary Cassatt – American woman who studied art in Paris
Post-Impressionism
Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, oil on canvas, 1884 – 1886, 2.08 m x 3.08 m
• Pointillism technique – small dots to create the image • Composite image - Seurat observed people on different days and then combined them together • Made many drawings of people on this island near Paris • Upper Class French enjoying a Sunday afternoon Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, oil on canvas, 1884 – 1886, 2.08 m x 3.08 m
Detail of Seurat’s painting
Charcoal drawings (studies)
19th Century Art
Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, Oil on Canvas 74 cm x 92 cm
• Theme: The vastness of the universe • Focus on Emotion • Symbolism • Image of church represents his conflicted feeling about religion • Thick paint (impasto) to create texture, use of line, overall blue color represents his emotions Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, Oil on Canvas, 74 cm x 92 cm
Paul Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? Where Are We Going?
 1897, Oil on Canvas (4'6” x 12'3”)
Gauguin, French painter, moved to Tahiti, an island in the South Pacific, to paint native people in the tropical landscape (moved away from Western culture) Fusion of East and West Gauguin struggled with questions about life (related to philosophy) Expressive use of color Use of Symbolism Paul Gaugin, Where Do We Come From? Where Are We Going? 1897, Oil on Canvas, 4’6” x 12’3”
Edvard Munch The Scream,1893 Oil, Tempera, Pastel, and Crayon on Cardboard 91 cm × 73.5 cm
• Edvard Munch (1863 - 1944) was a Norwegian artist whose work is psychologically charged • Strange, genderless figure in the landscape. Some scholars believe he was inspired by a Peruvian mummy that he saw in an exhibition at a museum in Paris. • Focus on the emotion of fear and agony • Munch’s work influenced later Modern Art styles in the early 20th Century, especially Expressionism • Munch’s work is sometimes associated with the Symbolist movement, as well Edvard Munch The Scream,1893 Oil, Tempera, Pastel, and Crayon on Cardboard 91 cm × 73.5 cm
Realism • 19th Century Movement in France that tried to show “real” human emotion • Artists painted indoors • Style more “realistic” – true colors, more detailed
Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Oil on Canvas, 1882, 96 cm x 1.3 m
Édouard Manet A Bar at the Folies-Bergère Oil on Canvas 1882, 96 cm x 1.3 m Mirror in background with reflection The Viewer included in the painting Self-absorbed (not looking away from the customer) Contrast of environment (Club) with the mood of the bartender Symbolism of Still Life in foreground
Édouard Manet, Olympia, oil on canvas, 1863, 130.5 x 190 cm
Édouard Manet, Olympia, oil on canvas, 1863, 130.5 x 190 cm • Based on a Renaissance Painting by Titian (Venus of Urbino) • Olympia stares out coldly at the viewer • Prostitute – character from a popular French novel Symbolism of the bed, black maid, shoes, jewelry, flowers, black cat, etc.
Comparison

More Related Content

19th Century Art

  • 2. 19th Century in Europe and USA • Industrial Revolution – new technology and machines • Urbanization – many people moving to cities • Science and Progress • Freedom of Expression
  • 3. New Technology in Architecture 19th Century Belief in Progress and Advancement of Civilization Through Science and Technology
  • 4. Brooklyn Bridge John Augustus Roebling and Washington Augustus Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge (New York), late 19th Century Architecture
  • 5. Brooklyn Bridge John Augustus Roebling and Washington Augustus Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge (New York), late 19th Century Architecture • Used Steel to make the bridge long • Architect designed twisted wire cable • Bridge 2000 Meters long (longest bridge built at that time) • Gothic style arches
  • 6. Eiffel Tower Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower (Paris), Late 19th Century Architecture
  • 7. Gustave Eiffel, Eiffel Tower (Paris), Late 19th Century Architecture • Tallest structure built at that time (used steel) • Built for 1889 Universal Exposition •Classical Round Arch • Exposed steel structure (not covered by walls) • Paris is the “center” of the Art World in 19th Century
  • 8. Photography and Its Affects • Photography had a profound influence on art in the 19th Century • Portrait Photography became more popular than portrait painting • Many artists have been influenced by the ”realism” in the photos • Some artists starting using photography for references • Some accepted photography as an art form, while others were against photography as art
  • 9. First photograph Taken by Joseph Nicephone Niepce in France in 1826 Niepce experimented with processes of reproducing still images starting in 1816 But, the process wasn’t practical – exposure time was 8 hours for one photograph
  • 10. The Daquerreotype • • The first practical process of photography was the daquerreotype, introduced in 1839 • • Invented by Louis-Jacque-Mande Daquerre, a French painter and printmaker
  • 11. The first daquerreotype (Still life of Classic Roman Objects) Still Life, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, photograph (daguerreotype), 1837
  • 12. Still Life, Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, photograph (daguerreotype), 1837 The first practical process of photography was the daquerreotype, introduced in 1839 This is the first daguerreotype Invented by Louis-Jacque- Mande Daquerre, a French painter and printmaker Still Life with Classic Roman Objects (relief, angels, etc.)
  • 13. Eadweard Muybridge • •First motion photography which led into “moving pictures” (movies) • • Muybridge was hired by Leland Stanford (founder of Stanford University in USA) to see if there’s a moment when all horses hooves off the ground at same time
  • 14. Eadweard Muybridge, Horse Galloping, 1878, Photograph (collotype)
  • 15. Gertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women, 1899, Photography (Platinum Print on Japanese Paper), 23 × 13.2 cm
  • 16. • Gertrude Kasebier was an American portrait painter who took up photography after raising her family • Narrative photography • Scene from everyday life with a sense of the spiritual and divine • Title refers to a phrase from The Old Testament (Bible) by angel who announced to Virgin Mary that she’ll have a babyGertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women, 1899, Photography (Platinum Print on Japanese Paper), 23 × 13.2 cm
  • 17. Impressionism • Style that began in France in mid-19th Century (1860’s) • Term impressionism was given to this style by an art critic who thought the art looked unfinished and too “sketchy” • Interest in color and light • Painted outdoors “Plein air” • French culture
  • 18. Claude Monet, The Water Lily Pond Oil on Canvas 1899 93 cm x 74 cm
  • 19. Claude Monet The Water Lily Pond Oil on Canvas 1899 Water Lilies is a series of 250 oil paintings that Monet worked on for the last 30 years of his life in his garden at his home, Giverny Tradition of Landscape Painting Symbolism of flowers Japanese influence, including the bridge and water lilies 93 cm x 74 cm
  • 20. Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Moulin de la Galette, oil on canvas, 1876, 1.31 m x 1.75 m
  • 21. Pierre-Auguste Renoir Moulin de la Galette oil on canvas 1876, 1.31 m x 1.75 m • Relaxing on a Sunday afternoon in Paris • Fashionable Youth Moulin de la Galette Moulin = Mill Galette = type of pastry • Light coming through the trees (color and light)
  • 22. Berthe Morisot Berthe Morisot, Summer’s Day, Oil on Canvas, 1879, 45.7 cm × 75.2 cm
  • 23. • Painterly (loose brushwork) • Color and Light (reflections on water) • Women accepted as artists in 19th Century • Morisot painted mainly French Women Berthe Morisot, Summer’s Day, Oil on Canvas, 1879, 45.7 cm × 75.2 cm
  • 24. Japonisme • Name given to French art inspired by Japanese art during the 19th Century • Japan began to trade with Western countries in the 19th Century • Europeans become interested in Japanese culture (collected Japanese objects and art)
  • 25. Utagawa Hiroshige Bamboo Yards, Kyôbashi Bridge (One Hundred Views of Edo series) Woodblock Print 1857 36.2 x 23.7 cm
  • 26. • Woodblock Printing (Ukiyo-e) Traditional Japanese Medium • First manga • Flat Shapes with outlines • Dull color with a few areas of bright color • Looking down into the picture • Diagonal movement Utagawa Hiroshige Bamboo Yards, Kyôbashi Bridge (One Hundred Views of Edo series), Woodblock Print 1857, 36.2 x 23.7 cm
  • 27. Edgar Degas, The Rehearsal on Stage, Oil on Canvas, 1874, 54.3 x 73 cm
  • 28. Edgar Degas, The Rehearsal on Stage, Oil on Canvas, 1874, 54.3 x 73 cm • Inspired by Japanese Woodblock Prints • Theme of Ballet Dancers (Movement of Dancers / French Culture) • Creative Process – dancers are practicing, not performing
  • 30. Henri de Toulouse Lautrec, Jane Avril, Lithographic Poster, 1893, 129.1 x 93.5 cm
  • 31. Inspired by Japanese Woodblock Prints From a series of posters advertising Bars, Dancers, Musicians in Paris Lithograph – type of printmaking invented in 19th Century Art Nouveau style (International Design Movement started in France) Henri de Toulouse Lautrec, Jane Avril, Lithographic Poster, 1893, 129.1 x 93.5 cm
  • 32. Mary Cassatt Maternal Caress Drypoint, Aquatint, and Etching (Printmaking Techniques) 1890 – 91 43.8 × 30.3 cm
  • 33. Mary Cassatt, Maternal Caress, Drypoint, Aquatint, and Etching (Printmaking Techniques), 1890 – 91, 43.8 × 30.3 cm • Inspired by Japanese Woodblock Prints (Cassatt collected them) • Universal Theme of Mother and Child • Mary Cassatt – American woman who studied art in Paris
  • 35. Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, oil on canvas, 1884 – 1886, 2.08 m x 3.08 m
  • 36. • Pointillism technique – small dots to create the image • Composite image - Seurat observed people on different days and then combined them together • Made many drawings of people on this island near Paris • Upper Class French enjoying a Sunday afternoon Georges Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, oil on canvas, 1884 – 1886, 2.08 m x 3.08 m
  • 40. Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, Oil on Canvas 74 cm x 92 cm
  • 41. • Theme: The vastness of the universe • Focus on Emotion • Symbolism • Image of church represents his conflicted feeling about religion • Thick paint (impasto) to create texture, use of line, overall blue color represents his emotions Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889, Oil on Canvas, 74 cm x 92 cm
  • 42. Paul Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? Where Are We Going?
 1897, Oil on Canvas (4'6” x 12'3”)
  • 43. Gauguin, French painter, moved to Tahiti, an island in the South Pacific, to paint native people in the tropical landscape (moved away from Western culture) Fusion of East and West Gauguin struggled with questions about life (related to philosophy) Expressive use of color Use of Symbolism Paul Gaugin, Where Do We Come From? Where Are We Going? 1897, Oil on Canvas, 4’6” x 12’3”
  • 44. Edvard Munch The Scream,1893 Oil, Tempera, Pastel, and Crayon on Cardboard 91 cm × 73.5 cm
  • 45. • Edvard Munch (1863 - 1944) was a Norwegian artist whose work is psychologically charged • Strange, genderless figure in the landscape. Some scholars believe he was inspired by a Peruvian mummy that he saw in an exhibition at a museum in Paris. • Focus on the emotion of fear and agony • Munch’s work influenced later Modern Art styles in the early 20th Century, especially Expressionism • Munch’s work is sometimes associated with the Symbolist movement, as well Edvard Munch The Scream,1893 Oil, Tempera, Pastel, and Crayon on Cardboard 91 cm × 73.5 cm
  • 46. Realism • 19th Century Movement in France that tried to show “real” human emotion • Artists painted indoors • Style more “realistic” – true colors, more detailed
  • 47. Édouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Oil on Canvas, 1882, 96 cm x 1.3 m
  • 48. Édouard Manet A Bar at the Folies-Bergère Oil on Canvas 1882, 96 cm x 1.3 m Mirror in background with reflection The Viewer included in the painting Self-absorbed (not looking away from the customer) Contrast of environment (Club) with the mood of the bartender Symbolism of Still Life in foreground
  • 49. Édouard Manet, Olympia, oil on canvas, 1863, 130.5 x 190 cm
  • 50. Édouard Manet, Olympia, oil on canvas, 1863, 130.5 x 190 cm • Based on a Renaissance Painting by Titian (Venus of Urbino) • Olympia stares out coldly at the viewer • Prostitute – character from a popular French novel Symbolism of the bed, black maid, shoes, jewelry, flowers, black cat, etc.