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2 ppi trends & challenges, resilience thru infra v2

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Philippine Press Institute
Philippine Press Institute

This document discusses trends and challenges in building infrastructure resilience in the Philippines. It begins with an analytical framework on risk, vulnerability, and resilience. It then examines trends like declining infrastructure spending as a percentage of GDP compared to ASEAN peers. Challenges include the Philippines' high exposure and risk ranking for natural disasters. The case of Super Typhoon Yolanda that caused over $9 billion in damage is discussed. The government response including reconstruction progress and public-private partnership programs is also summarized.

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Trends and Challenges in Building Resilience through Infrastructure 1 Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas www.pids.gov.ph Adoracion M. Navarro Senior Research Fellow Pandi, Bulacan 28 April 2016 Philippine Press Institute’s Seminar-Workshop on Sustainable Construction Reporting
OUTLINE • Suggested Analytical Framework • Trends in Infrastructure Development • Challenges in Building Resilience  Case Study: Super Typhoon Yolanda  PPP Program and Status 2
Analytical Framework 3 RISK of a country being adversely affected by external shocks VULNERABILITY/ EXPOSURE of a country to external shocks COPING ABILITY/ RESILIENCE • Absorptive • Adaptive • Transformative Exposure due to structural factors, e.g. geography Exposure due to bad policies Good Policy Interventions Risk, Vulnerabilities and Resilience Source: Llanto 2016 • OECD (2014) pointedly explains that economies with resilient systems are more capable of bearing various environmental, political, economic, and social risks, stresses, and shocks. • Llanto (2016) stresses that risks are not only limited to disasters, but also economic shocks due to global interconnectedness • Good economic policies have a large role to play in building the economy’s resilience • Building resilient infra is also key
Trends in Infrastructure Development • Infrastructure spending was at 2.38% in 2015 • Further, actual expenditures in 2014 showed that the public infrastructure spending-to-GDP ratio declined to 1.26 percent from 1.98 percent in 2013 • Low disbursements may be attributed to: • delays due to additional procedures; • additional restrictions on the use of savings and realignments (i.e. SC ruling on DAP); • structural weaknesses within the agencies; and • other reasons that are beyond the control of the agencies. (DBM, 2014) 4 1.79% 2.09% 1.74% 1.41% 1.73% 1.98% 1.26% 2.38% 2.34% 2.75% 2.15% 1.88% 2.83% 2.81% 1.79% 3.79% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Infrastructure Outlay, % of GDP Capital Outlays, % of GDP Actual Infrastructure and Other Capital Outlays as % of GDP, 2008-2014 Source: Department of Budget and Management Notes: 2008 to 2014 figures – actual spending; 2015 figures – adjusted obligations.
Trends in Infrastructure Development • Competitive Bidding as the default mode of procurement according to RA 9184. • Allowable time until issuance of notice to proceed: • For below P50 M: 113 calendar days • For P50 M and above: 144 calendar days • However, there are delays in procurement. GPPB-TSO highlights that the most common cause of delays can be traced to the planning stage; also causes failure of bidding. • Difficulty in setting appropriate ABC • Lapses in details of technical specs 5 Pre-Procurement Conference Award of Contract Advertisement Pre-Bid Conference Bid Evaluation & Ranking Post-Qualification Submission of Bids Opening of 2nd Envelope – Financial Proposal Opening of 1st Envelope – Eligibility Docs & Technical Proposal Standardized Bidding Procedure for Goods and Infra Source: Capacity Development Division, GPPB
Trends in Infrastructure Development 6 BRN, 27.3 IND, 32.6 CMB, 20.9 LAO, 30.1 MYS, 26.0 PHL, 20.8 SGP, 25.4 THA, 24.6 VNM, 23.8 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Gross Capital Formation (as % of GDP): 2000 - 2014 Source: Worldbank Database • Among ASEAN member states, the Philippines ranks 2nd to the last in terms of gross capital formation (% of GDP) in 2015.
Challenges in Building Resilience Country Risk (%) Rank Vanuatu 36.5 1 Philippines 28.25 2 Tonga 28.23 3 Guatemala 20.68 4 Bangladesh 19.37 5 Solomon Islands 19.18 6 Costa Rica 17.33 7 El Salvador 17.12 8 Cambodia 17.12 9 Papua New Guinea 16.74 10 Timor-Leste 16.41 11 Brunei Darussalam 16.23 12 Nicaragua 14.87 13 Mauritius 14.78 14 Guinea-Bissau 13.75 15 7 Country Exposure (%) Rank Vanuatu 63.66 1 Tonga 55.27 2 Philippines 52.46 3 Japan 45.91 4 Costa Rica 42.61 5 Brunei Darussalam 41.1 6 Mauritius 37.35 7 Guatemala 36.3 8 El Salvador 32.6 9 Bangladesh 31.7 10 Chile 30.95 11 Netherlands 30.57 12 Solomon Islands 29.98 13 Fiji 27.71 14 Cambodia 27.65 15 Top 15 countries most at risk worldwide, World Risk Report 2014 Top 15 countries most exposed worldwide, World Risk Report 2014 Source: UNU-EHS and Alliance Development Works (2014) population, conditions of builtup areas, infra, environmen tal areas
• From 2000-2014, an average of 19 tropical cyclones per year hit the Philippines. • Almost 8 were typhoons, while the remaining were classified as either tropical storms or tropical depression. • In 2013, we had the most number of cyclones. • including one super typhoon (Yolanda) 8 18 17 13 25 25 17 20 13 21 22 11 19 17 25 15 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Tropical Depression Tropical Storm Typhoon Super Typhoon Total No. of Cyclones, per Category, in the Philippines: 2000-2014 Source: Reyes, C. (2016) Challenges in Building Resilience
• Tropical depression - a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 61 kilometers per hour (kph) or less than 33 nautical miles per hour (knots) • Tropical storm - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph or 34 - 47 knots • Severe tropical storm - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph or 48 - 63 knots • Typhoon - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 kph or 64 - 120 knots • Super typhoon - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph or more than 120 knots. 9
10 Storms, 51.3 Flood, 31.9 Landslide, 6.4 Volcano, 4.6 Earthquake , 4.1 Other, 1.7 Frequency Storm, 78.7 Earthquake , 7.9 Flood, 5.9 Landslide, 5.6 Other, 2.0 Mortality Storm, 79.0 Flood, 17.3 Earthquake , 2.2 Other, 1.5 Economic Impacts Frequency and Impacts of Disasters in the Philippines, 1990-2014 Source: The OFDA/CRED - International Disaster Database • Cyclones/storms are the most frequent disaster in the county, which account for the highest mortalities and the most adverse economic impacts. Challenges in Building Resilience
Case of Super Typhoon Yolanda • Super Typhoon Yolanda • 8 November 2013 • Affected Regions VI-B, VI, VII, and VIII • Casualties • 6,300 deaths, 28,688 injured, 1,062 missing • Total Damaged houses: 1,140,332 • 550,928 totally • 589,404 partially • Total Infrastructure damage is 9.584B 11 Track of Super Typhoon Yolanda Source:http://goo.gl/jHtM9a
Case of Super Typhoon Yolanda • The Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan requires a total amount of P167,864,788,553 from 2014 to 2016. • Resettlement comprise 46% of the total budget needed, while infrastructure is 21% of the total budget. 12 Source: Official Gazette Typhoon Yolanda Funding Requirements, 2014-2016 • As of October 21, 2014, out of the total funding requirement, the DBM reports that the amount of P51,981,511,885 has already been released to fund the typhoon relief, rehabilitation and recovery efforts. Cluster Amount Infrastructure 35,148,634,408 Social Services 26,406,233,815 Resettlement 75,678,683,100 Livelihood 30,631,237,230 Total 167,864,788,553
Government Response: Infrastructure Cluster 13 Agency Project Total Physical Target Completed On Going Pre-Procurement/ Procurement Stage DPWH National Roads (in km) 106.7 60.286 38.415 7.346 Bridges (in km) 1852.53 1117.64 640.09 94.8 Access Roads (in km) 1.7 1.7 - - Flood Control (no. of projects) 110 77 17 8 DPWH Buildings (no. of buildings) 48 36 11 1 Reconstruction of Municipal Facilities (no. of buildings) 25 2 14 9 DepEd New Construction (no. of projects) 2,313 1,026 928 359 Rehabilitation (no. of projects) 17,335 5,457 4,239 3484 School Furniture (no. of furnitures) 292,166 121,950 0 170,216 DILG Repair/rehabilitation of partially-damaged LGU Facilities (no. of projects) 309 292 no data no data CHED SUCs (no. of projects) 606 412 191 3 Source: DPWH, 2015 Summary of Accomplishments, as of September 15, 2015
Government Response: Resettlement Cluster Summary of Accomplishments, as of 5 November 2015 • NHA • Completed: 17,641 permanent housing units • Currently on-going: 42,566 permanent housing units • With funding: 74,385 permanent housing units • Target completion is December 2016 • DSWD • 92,554 housing constructions funded • 987,545 out of 1,028,329 families with damaged houses were given Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA) • On going: 40,784 families with damaged houses are covered and will be given Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA) 14 Source: NHA, 2015 Note: This is a photo of Brgy. San Isidro, Tacloban City Source: NHA, 2015 Note: This is a photo of Brgy. Sacme, Tanuan, Leyte.
The challenge of sustaining the PPP Program • Public-Private Partnership • As of 11 January 2016, there are 12 awarded PPP projects, for a total of Php 217.4 billion • Three (3) completed projects: • Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway • Automated Fare Collection system • PPP for School Infrastructure – Phase 1 • Two (2) more expected to be completed before end of Aquino administration: • NAIA Expressway – Phase 2 • PPP for School Infrastructure – Phase 2 15 No. Project Amount (in Billion Php) 1 Daang Hari-SLEX Link Road 2.01 2 PPP School Infrastructure Phase 1 16.43 3 NAIA Expressway (Phase II) Project 15.86 4 PPP for School Infrastructure Phase 2 3.86 5 Modernization of Philippine Orthopedic Center 8.69 6 Automatic Fare Collection System (AFCS) 1.72 7 Mactan-Cebu International Airport Passenger Terminal Building 17.52 8 LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension and O&M 64.90 9 Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project 2.50 10 Cavite-Laguna (CALA) Expressway 55.51 11 South Integrated Transport System Project 4.00 12 Bulcan Bulk Water Supply Project 24.40 Source:PPPCenter Awarded PPP Projects, as of 2016
Status of Some PPP Projects 16 Project Status 1. NAIA Expressway (Phase II) Project  Expected to be completed in 2016; Construction ongoing: 72.69% complete (as of 18 March 2016) 2. PPP for School Infrastructure Phase 2  Expected to be completed in 2016;  As of 29 February 2016:  2,035 classrooms (46.57%) completed;  1,295 classrooms (29.63%) with ongoing construction; and  1,042 classrooms (23.84%) under pre-construction phases. 3. Modernization of Philippine Orthopedic Center  Megawide letter requesting termination of concession agreement received by DOH on 10 November 2015.  DOH letter of March 3, 2016 confirmed DOH acceptance of Megawide's request for termination 4. Mactan-Cebu International Airport Passenger Terminal Building  As of 29 February 2016: Construction ongoing: 12.48% completed Source:PPPCenter
17 Project Status 5. LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension and O&M  Financial Closure achieved on 11 February 2016; and  Ongoing soft renovation and upgrades of LRT Line 1 existing system and other pre-construction activities. 6. Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project  Concession Agreement signed on 24 April 2015; and  Ongoing pre-construction activities and procurement of independent consultant (IC). 7. Cavite-Laguna (CALA) Expressway  Contract signed on 10 July 2015; and  Ongoing pre-construction activities and procurement of independent consultant (IC). 8. South Integrated Transport System Project  Contract signed on 26 January 2016;  Ongoing Independent Consultant procurement and pre-construction activities. 9. Bulcan Bulk Water Supply Project  Groundbreaking ceremony held on April 15, 2016; and  Ongoing pre-construction activities. Status of Some PPP Projects Source: PPP Center
Postcript on another challenge in media reporting 18
PhilippineInstituteforDevelopmentStudies Surian samga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas Service through policy research 19 WEBSITE: www.pids.gov.ph FACEBOOK: facebook.com/PIDS.PH TWITTER: twitter.com/PIDS_PH Thank you!

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2 ppi trends & challenges, resilience thru infra v2

  • 1. Trends and Challenges in Building Resilience through Infrastructure 1 Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas www.pids.gov.ph Adoracion M. Navarro Senior Research Fellow Pandi, Bulacan 28 April 2016 Philippine Press Institute’s Seminar-Workshop on Sustainable Construction Reporting
  • 2. OUTLINE • Suggested Analytical Framework • Trends in Infrastructure Development • Challenges in Building Resilience  Case Study: Super Typhoon Yolanda  PPP Program and Status 2
  • 3. Analytical Framework 3 RISK of a country being adversely affected by external shocks VULNERABILITY/ EXPOSURE of a country to external shocks COPING ABILITY/ RESILIENCE • Absorptive • Adaptive • Transformative Exposure due to structural factors, e.g. geography Exposure due to bad policies Good Policy Interventions Risk, Vulnerabilities and Resilience Source: Llanto 2016 • OECD (2014) pointedly explains that economies with resilient systems are more capable of bearing various environmental, political, economic, and social risks, stresses, and shocks. • Llanto (2016) stresses that risks are not only limited to disasters, but also economic shocks due to global interconnectedness • Good economic policies have a large role to play in building the economy’s resilience • Building resilient infra is also key
  • 4. Trends in Infrastructure Development • Infrastructure spending was at 2.38% in 2015 • Further, actual expenditures in 2014 showed that the public infrastructure spending-to-GDP ratio declined to 1.26 percent from 1.98 percent in 2013 • Low disbursements may be attributed to: • delays due to additional procedures; • additional restrictions on the use of savings and realignments (i.e. SC ruling on DAP); • structural weaknesses within the agencies; and • other reasons that are beyond the control of the agencies. (DBM, 2014) 4 1.79% 2.09% 1.74% 1.41% 1.73% 1.98% 1.26% 2.38% 2.34% 2.75% 2.15% 1.88% 2.83% 2.81% 1.79% 3.79% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Infrastructure Outlay, % of GDP Capital Outlays, % of GDP Actual Infrastructure and Other Capital Outlays as % of GDP, 2008-2014 Source: Department of Budget and Management Notes: 2008 to 2014 figures – actual spending; 2015 figures – adjusted obligations.
  • 5. Trends in Infrastructure Development • Competitive Bidding as the default mode of procurement according to RA 9184. • Allowable time until issuance of notice to proceed: • For below P50 M: 113 calendar days • For P50 M and above: 144 calendar days • However, there are delays in procurement. GPPB-TSO highlights that the most common cause of delays can be traced to the planning stage; also causes failure of bidding. • Difficulty in setting appropriate ABC • Lapses in details of technical specs 5 Pre-Procurement Conference Award of Contract Advertisement Pre-Bid Conference Bid Evaluation & Ranking Post-Qualification Submission of Bids Opening of 2nd Envelope – Financial Proposal Opening of 1st Envelope – Eligibility Docs & Technical Proposal Standardized Bidding Procedure for Goods and Infra Source: Capacity Development Division, GPPB
  • 6. Trends in Infrastructure Development 6 BRN, 27.3 IND, 32.6 CMB, 20.9 LAO, 30.1 MYS, 26.0 PHL, 20.8 SGP, 25.4 THA, 24.6 VNM, 23.8 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Gross Capital Formation (as % of GDP): 2000 - 2014 Source: Worldbank Database • Among ASEAN member states, the Philippines ranks 2nd to the last in terms of gross capital formation (% of GDP) in 2015.
  • 7. Challenges in Building Resilience Country Risk (%) Rank Vanuatu 36.5 1 Philippines 28.25 2 Tonga 28.23 3 Guatemala 20.68 4 Bangladesh 19.37 5 Solomon Islands 19.18 6 Costa Rica 17.33 7 El Salvador 17.12 8 Cambodia 17.12 9 Papua New Guinea 16.74 10 Timor-Leste 16.41 11 Brunei Darussalam 16.23 12 Nicaragua 14.87 13 Mauritius 14.78 14 Guinea-Bissau 13.75 15 7 Country Exposure (%) Rank Vanuatu 63.66 1 Tonga 55.27 2 Philippines 52.46 3 Japan 45.91 4 Costa Rica 42.61 5 Brunei Darussalam 41.1 6 Mauritius 37.35 7 Guatemala 36.3 8 El Salvador 32.6 9 Bangladesh 31.7 10 Chile 30.95 11 Netherlands 30.57 12 Solomon Islands 29.98 13 Fiji 27.71 14 Cambodia 27.65 15 Top 15 countries most at risk worldwide, World Risk Report 2014 Top 15 countries most exposed worldwide, World Risk Report 2014 Source: UNU-EHS and Alliance Development Works (2014) population, conditions of builtup areas, infra, environmen tal areas
  • 8. • From 2000-2014, an average of 19 tropical cyclones per year hit the Philippines. • Almost 8 were typhoons, while the remaining were classified as either tropical storms or tropical depression. • In 2013, we had the most number of cyclones. • including one super typhoon (Yolanda) 8 18 17 13 25 25 17 20 13 21 22 11 19 17 25 15 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Tropical Depression Tropical Storm Typhoon Super Typhoon Total No. of Cyclones, per Category, in the Philippines: 2000-2014 Source: Reyes, C. (2016) Challenges in Building Resilience
  • 9. • Tropical depression - a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of up to 61 kilometers per hour (kph) or less than 33 nautical miles per hour (knots) • Tropical storm - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 62 to 88 kph or 34 - 47 knots • Severe tropical storm - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 89 to 117 kph or 48 - 63 knots • Typhoon - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed of 118 to 220 kph or 64 - 120 knots • Super typhoon - a tropical cyclone with maximum wind speed exceeding 220 kph or more than 120 knots. 9
  • 10. 10 Storms, 51.3 Flood, 31.9 Landslide, 6.4 Volcano, 4.6 Earthquake , 4.1 Other, 1.7 Frequency Storm, 78.7 Earthquake , 7.9 Flood, 5.9 Landslide, 5.6 Other, 2.0 Mortality Storm, 79.0 Flood, 17.3 Earthquake , 2.2 Other, 1.5 Economic Impacts Frequency and Impacts of Disasters in the Philippines, 1990-2014 Source: The OFDA/CRED - International Disaster Database • Cyclones/storms are the most frequent disaster in the county, which account for the highest mortalities and the most adverse economic impacts. Challenges in Building Resilience
  • 11. Case of Super Typhoon Yolanda • Super Typhoon Yolanda • 8 November 2013 • Affected Regions VI-B, VI, VII, and VIII • Casualties • 6,300 deaths, 28,688 injured, 1,062 missing • Total Damaged houses: 1,140,332 • 550,928 totally • 589,404 partially • Total Infrastructure damage is 9.584B 11 Track of Super Typhoon Yolanda Source:http://goo.gl/jHtM9a
  • 12. Case of Super Typhoon Yolanda • The Comprehensive Rehabilitation and Recovery Plan requires a total amount of P167,864,788,553 from 2014 to 2016. • Resettlement comprise 46% of the total budget needed, while infrastructure is 21% of the total budget. 12 Source: Official Gazette Typhoon Yolanda Funding Requirements, 2014-2016 • As of October 21, 2014, out of the total funding requirement, the DBM reports that the amount of P51,981,511,885 has already been released to fund the typhoon relief, rehabilitation and recovery efforts. Cluster Amount Infrastructure 35,148,634,408 Social Services 26,406,233,815 Resettlement 75,678,683,100 Livelihood 30,631,237,230 Total 167,864,788,553
  • 13. Government Response: Infrastructure Cluster 13 Agency Project Total Physical Target Completed On Going Pre-Procurement/ Procurement Stage DPWH National Roads (in km) 106.7 60.286 38.415 7.346 Bridges (in km) 1852.53 1117.64 640.09 94.8 Access Roads (in km) 1.7 1.7 - - Flood Control (no. of projects) 110 77 17 8 DPWH Buildings (no. of buildings) 48 36 11 1 Reconstruction of Municipal Facilities (no. of buildings) 25 2 14 9 DepEd New Construction (no. of projects) 2,313 1,026 928 359 Rehabilitation (no. of projects) 17,335 5,457 4,239 3484 School Furniture (no. of furnitures) 292,166 121,950 0 170,216 DILG Repair/rehabilitation of partially-damaged LGU Facilities (no. of projects) 309 292 no data no data CHED SUCs (no. of projects) 606 412 191 3 Source: DPWH, 2015 Summary of Accomplishments, as of September 15, 2015
  • 14. Government Response: Resettlement Cluster Summary of Accomplishments, as of 5 November 2015 • NHA • Completed: 17,641 permanent housing units • Currently on-going: 42,566 permanent housing units • With funding: 74,385 permanent housing units • Target completion is December 2016 • DSWD • 92,554 housing constructions funded • 987,545 out of 1,028,329 families with damaged houses were given Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA) • On going: 40,784 families with damaged houses are covered and will be given Emergency Shelter Assistance (ESA) 14 Source: NHA, 2015 Note: This is a photo of Brgy. San Isidro, Tacloban City Source: NHA, 2015 Note: This is a photo of Brgy. Sacme, Tanuan, Leyte.
  • 15. The challenge of sustaining the PPP Program • Public-Private Partnership • As of 11 January 2016, there are 12 awarded PPP projects, for a total of Php 217.4 billion • Three (3) completed projects: • Muntinlupa-Cavite Expressway • Automated Fare Collection system • PPP for School Infrastructure – Phase 1 • Two (2) more expected to be completed before end of Aquino administration: • NAIA Expressway – Phase 2 • PPP for School Infrastructure – Phase 2 15 No. Project Amount (in Billion Php) 1 Daang Hari-SLEX Link Road 2.01 2 PPP School Infrastructure Phase 1 16.43 3 NAIA Expressway (Phase II) Project 15.86 4 PPP for School Infrastructure Phase 2 3.86 5 Modernization of Philippine Orthopedic Center 8.69 6 Automatic Fare Collection System (AFCS) 1.72 7 Mactan-Cebu International Airport Passenger Terminal Building 17.52 8 LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension and O&M 64.90 9 Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project 2.50 10 Cavite-Laguna (CALA) Expressway 55.51 11 South Integrated Transport System Project 4.00 12 Bulcan Bulk Water Supply Project 24.40 Source:PPPCenter Awarded PPP Projects, as of 2016
  • 16. Status of Some PPP Projects 16 Project Status 1. NAIA Expressway (Phase II) Project  Expected to be completed in 2016; Construction ongoing: 72.69% complete (as of 18 March 2016) 2. PPP for School Infrastructure Phase 2  Expected to be completed in 2016;  As of 29 February 2016:  2,035 classrooms (46.57%) completed;  1,295 classrooms (29.63%) with ongoing construction; and  1,042 classrooms (23.84%) under pre-construction phases. 3. Modernization of Philippine Orthopedic Center  Megawide letter requesting termination of concession agreement received by DOH on 10 November 2015.  DOH letter of March 3, 2016 confirmed DOH acceptance of Megawide's request for termination 4. Mactan-Cebu International Airport Passenger Terminal Building  As of 29 February 2016: Construction ongoing: 12.48% completed Source:PPPCenter
  • 17. 17 Project Status 5. LRT Line 1 Cavite Extension and O&M  Financial Closure achieved on 11 February 2016; and  Ongoing soft renovation and upgrades of LRT Line 1 existing system and other pre-construction activities. 6. Southwest Integrated Transport System (ITS) Project  Concession Agreement signed on 24 April 2015; and  Ongoing pre-construction activities and procurement of independent consultant (IC). 7. Cavite-Laguna (CALA) Expressway  Contract signed on 10 July 2015; and  Ongoing pre-construction activities and procurement of independent consultant (IC). 8. South Integrated Transport System Project  Contract signed on 26 January 2016;  Ongoing Independent Consultant procurement and pre-construction activities. 9. Bulcan Bulk Water Supply Project  Groundbreaking ceremony held on April 15, 2016; and  Ongoing pre-construction activities. Status of Some PPP Projects Source: PPP Center
  • 18. Postcript on another challenge in media reporting 18
  • 19. PhilippineInstituteforDevelopmentStudies Surian samga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas Service through policy research 19 WEBSITE: www.pids.gov.ph FACEBOOK: facebook.com/PIDS.PH TWITTER: twitter.com/PIDS_PH Thank you!

Editor's Notes

  1. Figure above is a modification of Briguglio et al. Llanto explains: “Absorptive, adaptive, and transformative” are inserted in the box of “coping ability”. “Exposure to bad policies” is also included as a factor behind the vulnerability of an economy to external shocks. In Briguglio et al.’s original Figure 2, only the “inherent and permanent” features of an economy listed as “economic openness, export concentration, and dependence on strategic imports” are the determinants of vulnerability or exposure of an economy to exogenous shocks. Briguglio et al. (2008) state that these features are not subject to policy or governance. Structural factors like geography influence the vulnerability of an economy. The author of this paper, however, believes that bad policies also determine the vulnerability of an economy to exogenous shocks. Economic openness, export concentration, and dependence on strategic imports may also be determined by the policies a country adopts.
  2. Important Note: Some reports use the capital outlay-to-GDP ratio accomplishment when comparing with the 5-percent-of-GDP target. But capital outlays are "an expenditure category/expense class for the purchase of goods and services, the benefits of which extend beyond the fiscal year and which add to the assets of the government, including investments in the capital stock of GOCCs and their subsidiaries" (DBM 2015, p. 704) and, therefore, consist of more items than infrastructure spending. Low disbursement explanations: -delays introduced by additional transparency and accountability procedures; -additional restrictions on the use of savings and realignments when the SC ruled the unconstitutionality of the Disbursement Acceleration Program; -structural weaknesses within the agencies (namely, poor project preparation, project implementation difficulties, and procurement issues); and -other reasons that are beyond the control of the agencies (e.g., unfavorable weather and adverse peace and order situation).
  3. ABC – approved budget for the contract
  4. Gross fixed capital formation (formerly gross domestic fixed investment) includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation.
  5. Exposure is defined in the World Risk Report 2014 as entities (i.e., population, conditions of builtup areas, infrastructure component, environmental area) that are being exposed to the impacts of one or more natural hazards (i.e., earthquakes, cyclones, droughts, floods, and sea-level rise). Risk is the “interaction between exposure to natural hazards including the adverse effects of climate change and the vulnerability of societies” arising from their geographical location (UNU-EHS and Alliance Development Works, p. 42).
  6. See: http://www.preventionweb.net/countries/phl/data/ For a disaster to be entered into the database at least one of the following criteria must be fulfilled: Ten (10) or more people reported killed. Hundred (100) or more people reported affected. Declaration of a state of emergency. Call for international assistance.
  7. Source of Statistics: NDRMMC Final Report See: http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1329/FINAL_REPORT_re_Effects_of_Typhoon_YOLANDA_(HAIYAN)_06-09NOV2013.pdf
  8. Source: http://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/YOLANDA/List%20of%20Releases%20(excel%20file)/DPWH.pdf Note: Yellow shows 100% completion green are projects with over 50% completion. No color means did not accomplish at least 50% Not included in the Infra cluster report but DOTC has the following accomplishments: - 23 rehabilitated seaports - 35 out of 37 rehabilitated airports - 5 repaired structures/building DepEd data really shows discrepancy when it comes to Rehabilitation. Number does not add up.
  9. For PSIP Phase 1 -- 9,296 classrooms (100%) completed and delivered Exec. Director Canilao is to step down from her post effective March 8, 2016. Aquino has awarded 12 of 37 PPP projects in the pipeline. See: http://cnnphilippines.com/business/2016/02/11/Aquino-PPP-projects.html On the other hand, 14 PPP projects worth  P556.56 billion are under procurement. See: http://www.mb.com.ph/status-report-on-p1-623-trillion-ppp-projects-revealed/#hbZvICSES1uh6plt.99
  10. Note that you’ll get the public support, e.g., post about a heckler accusing Rappler of media bias