2. testing of cement ppt

Testing of Cement
1. Field Testing
2. Standard Consistency Test
3. Fineness Test
4. Soundness Test
5. Strength Test
6. Heat of hydration Test
7. Chemical composition
Test

1. Field Testing
 Open the bag and take a good look at the cement, then it should not
contain any visible lumps.
 Colour of cement should be greenish grey.
 Should get cool feeling when thrusted.
 When we touch the cement, it should give a smooth &not a gritty
feeling.
 When we throw the cement on a bucket full of water before it sinks the
particles should flow.
 When we make a stiff paste of cement & cut it with sharp edges & kept
on a glass plate under water there wont be any disturbance to the
shape& should get strength after 24hours.

2. Standard Consistency
Test
The standard consistency of a cement paste is
defined as that consistency which will permit a Vicat
plunger having 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length
to penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top of
the mould.
USE:
Used to find out the percentage of water
required to produce a cement paste of
standard consistency.
This is also called normal consistency (CPNC).

PROCEDURE:
•For first trial, take about 500gms of cement &
water of 24%by weight of cement.
•Fill it in Vicat’s mould.
•After filling, shake the mould to expel air.
•A standard plunger, 10 mm diameter, 50 mm
long is attached and brought down to touch
the surface of the paste and quickly released.
•Note the reading according to depth of
penetration of the plunger.

PROCEDURE:
• Conduct trials continuously by taking different water
cement ratios till the plunger penetrates for a depth of 33-
35mm from top.
 This particular percentage is known as percentage of
water required to produce cement paste of standard
consistency.
 This is usually denoted as ‘P’.
 SUITABLE CONDITIONS:
 Conducted in a constant temperature of 270+20C.
 Constant Humidity 90%.

Setting Time Test:
 An arbitraty division has been made for the
setting time of cement.
 Initial setting time &
 Final setting time.

INITIAL SETTING TIME
 The time elapsed between the moment that
the water is added to the cement, to the time
that the paste starts losing its plasticity.
 Normally a minimum of 30min has
maintained for mixing & handling operations.
 It should not be less than 30min.

FINAL SETTING TIME
 The time elapsed between the moment the
water is added to the cement, and the time
when the paste has completely lost its
plasticity and has attained sufficient firmness
to resist certain definite pressure.
 It should not exceed 10hours.
 So that it is avoided from least vulnerable to
damages from external activities.

3. FINENESS TEST
• The fineness of cement has an important
bearing on the rate of hydration, rate of
gain of strength, evolution of heat.
• Finer cement offers greater surface area.
• Disadvantage of fine grinding is that it is
susceptible to air set & early deterioration.
• Maximum no. of particles in a sample of
cement<100microns.
• The smallest particle should have a size if
1.5microns.
• Large particle should have a size of
10microns.
• Fineness of cement is tested in two ways.
• By sieving.
• By determination specific surface by air
permeability method.

SIEVE TEST
PROCEDURE:
•Take correctly 100grams of cement on
a standard IS sieve No.9
•Break down the air-set lumps & sieve
it &weigh it.
•This weight shall not exceed 10% for
ordinary cement.
•Sieve test is rarely used.

4. SOUNDNESS TEST
 It is very important that the cement after setting shall not undergo any
appreciable change of volume.
 This test is to ensure that the cement does not show any subsequent
expansions.
 The unsoundness in cement is due to the presence of excess of lime
combined with acidic oxide at the kiln.
 This is due to high proportion of magnesia & calcium sulphate.
 Therefore magnesia content in cement is limited to 6%.
 Gypsum 3-5.

APPARATUS FOR SOUDNESS TEST
 It consists of a small split cylinder of spring brass.
 It is 30mm diameter & 30mm high.
 Cement is gauged with 0.78 times & filled into the mould & kept on a
glass plate & covered with another glass plate.
 This is immersed in water at a temperature 270
c-320
c for 24 hours.
 Measure the distance between indicators.
 Heat the water & bring to boiling point of about 25-30min.
 Remove the mould from the water after 3 hours.
 Measure the distance between the indicators.
 This must not exceed 10mm for ordinary, rapid hardening, low heat
Portland cements.
 If this expansion is more than 10mm the cement is said to be unsound.

5. STRENGTH TEST
 This is the most important of all properties of
hardened cement.
 Due to excessive shrinkage and cracking the
strength tests are not made on heat cement
paste.
 Standard sand is used for finding the strength
of cement.

PROCEDURE
 Take 555gms of standard sand. 185gms of cement (i.e., 1:3 ratio
of cement and sand)
 Mix them for 1min, then add water of quantity(P/4)+3.0%.
 Mix three ingredients thoroughly until the mixture is of uniform
colour.
 The time of mixing should not be<3min and >4min.
 Then the mortar is filled into a cube mould of 7.06cm and area of
50 cm2.
 Compact the mortar.
 Keep the compacted cube in the mould at a temperature of 27°C ±
2°C and at least 90 per cent relative humidity for 24 hours.
 After 24hours the cubes are removed & immersed in clean fresh
water until taken for testing.
 The cubes are tested for compressive stress for 3, 7 and 28 days.
 The comp. stress of OPC is16,22 n 33 MPA FOR 3, 7 & 28 days.

Tests on cement contd….
6. Heat of hydration
7. Chemical composition Test

2. testing of cement ppt

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2. testing of cement ppt

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