2001 frq

AP Environmental Science
2001 Free-Response Questions

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2001 AP® ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
SECTION II
Time—90 minutes
NO CALCULATORS MAY BE USED ON THIS EXAMINATION
4 Questions

Directions: Answer all four questions, which are weighted equally; the suggested time is about 22 minutes for
answering each question. Write all your answers on the pages following the questions in the pink booklet. Where
calculations are required, clearly show how you arrived at your answer. Where explanation or discussion is
required, support your answers with relevant information and/or specific examples.

1. Answer the questions below regarding the heating of a house in the Midwestern United States. Assume the
following.
• The house has 2,000 square feet of living space.
• 80,000 BTUs of heat per square foot are required to heat the house for the winter.
• Natural gas is available at a cost of $5.00 per thousand cubic feet.
• One cubic foot of natural gas supplies 1,000 BTUs of heat energy.
• The furnace in the house is 80 percent efficient.

(a) Calculate the following, showing all the steps of your calculations, including units.
(i) The number of cubic feet of natural gas required to heat the house for one winter
(ii) The cost of heating the house for one winter

(b) Identify and describe three actions the residents of the house could take to conserve heat energy
and lower the cost of heating the house.

(c) The residents decide to supplement the heating of the house by using a wood-burning stove.
Discuss two environmental impacts, one positive and one negative, of using the wood-burning stove.

Copyright © 2001 by College Entrance Examination Board. All rights reserved.
Advanced Placement Program and AP are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board.

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2. After reading the following excerpt from an article about the interrelationships among organisms in an oak
forest, answer parts (a), (b), and (c), which follow.

Chain Reactions Linking Acorns to Gypsy Moth Outbreaks and Lyme Disease Risk

Oak trees (Quercus spp.) produce large autumnal acorn crops every two to five years, and
produce few or no acorns during intervening years. Acorns are a critical food for white-footed
mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Mice are important predators of the pupal stage of the gypsy moth
(Lymantria dispar). This introduced insect periodically undergoes outbreaks that defoliate
millions of hectares of oak forests, decreasing tree growth, survival, and acorn crop production.
An abundance of acorns provides food for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Mice and
deer are the primary hosts of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), which carries Lyme
disease.

(a) In the space provided below, diagram a food web based on the interrelationships of the organisms identified
in the excerpt.

(b) Design a controlled experiment that tests the relationship between acorn production and gypsy moth
population. Include the hypothesis that the experiment tests.

(c) Briefly describe a strategy that uses integrated pest management for the control of the black-legged tick
population.


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3. In recent years, results from scientific studies have increased public awareness of the possible damage to human
health from exposure to indoor air pollution.
(a) Identify two specific indoor air pollutants and, for each, discuss the following.
(i) The type of building most affected by the pollutant
(ii) Source(s) of the pollutant
(iii) The pollutant’s effects on human health
(iv) The method(s) of prevention or cleanup of the pollutant
(b) According to the Environmental Protection Agency, at least 17 percent of the four million
commercial buildings in the United States can be considered “sick buildings.”
(i) Explain what is meant by the term “sick building.”
(ii) Describe the criteria used for determining whether a building is “sick.”


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4. Students in an environmental science class at Fremont High School tested the water quality in a stream near their
school. They were concerned about the possible pollution of the stream, which flows through a farm on which
hogs are raised. Shown below are a diagram that indicates the sites where the students collected water samples
(labeled A through D, upstream to downstream) and a table of the results of the students’ water tests.

Results of Water Tests

A B C D
Dissolved Oxygen
6.4 ± 0.3 2.5 ± 0.1 3.0 ± 0.2 5.8 ± 0.2
(ppm)

Phosphate
0.9 ± 0.05 1.2 ± 0.09 1.1 ± 0.08 1.0 ± 0.09
(ppm)

Nitrate
0.9 ± 0.3 19.3 ± 1.1 12.5 ± 1.0 6.2 ± 0.5
(ppm)

pH 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.4

(a) Assess the likelihood that animal waste is contaminating the water. Discuss the scientific basis of your
assessment.
(b) Describe two additional tests that could be used in monitoring the quality of the water in the stream. For
each test, describe the patterns you would expect from sites A through D.
(c) Describe a sequence of ecological changes that might result from the discharge of animal waste into a body
of water.
(d) The Clean Water Act was first passed in the United States in 1972 and has been amended several times since
then. Describe two specific provisions of this legislation that would be likely to apply to the quality of the
stream water.
END OF EXAMINATION


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2001 frq

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