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2012 01-26 amc dehydration 101-v1.1

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This document provides information and guidelines for food dehydration and planning meals for backpacking trips, including: - Calorie and nutrition guidelines for different body weights and activity levels. - Examples of foods that can be dehydrated at home, like fruits, vegetables, meats and hummus, along with preparation instructions. - Sample daily backpacking menus and recipes for dehydrated trail meals and snacks, such as oatmeal, jerky, pemmican and granola. - Tips for using a dehydrator and vacuum sealer to prepare shelf-stable meals for backpacking.

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TRAIL FOOD DEHYDRATION 101 When you want to reduce sodium and the hit on your pocketbook…
THE OPTIONS SELF PREPARED TRAIL PAK including PRE-PACKAGED TRAIL FOOD…which is meal, seasoning, drink & dessert the same size as one self made trail pak
THE CHOICE
TOOLS TO GET THERE DEHYDRATOR VACUUM SEALER
FOOD DEHYDRATOR
VACUUM SEALER
CALORIC INTAKE AND RULES OF THUMB Adult Caloric Calculation during Backpacking Activities (three season conditions) Note: During winter backpacking and camping increase the caloric intake by an additional 1/3 to 1/2 more of the base calculation. • 20-25kcal/ 1 lb of body weight • Body Weight Kcal/Lbs Daily Caloric Minimum • 125 lbs 20/1 2,500 calories • 150 lbs 21/1 3,150 calories • 175 lbs 22/1 3,850 calories • 200 lbs 23/1 4,600 calories • 225 lbs 24/1 5,400 calories Children Caloric Calculation • 79-81 lbs; Boy 2,279 calories • 79-81 lbs; Girl 2,071 calories • Highly active children may require up to 2,400 calories per day
NUTRITION RATIO AND CALORIE LOADING Nutrition Ratio • 50-55% calories from Carbs | 15-20% calories from Protein | 30% calories from Fats • 125 – 130 calories per ounce of food stuff • 1.7 pounds of foodstuff per day of backpacking; minimum • You enter a caloric deficiency when you burn more calories than you take in. • Do not under-estimate the need to drink 3-4 liters of water a day on the trail…if you become dehydrated you are less likely to feel well and will feel less inclined to eat or drink, leading to big trouble and poor decision making. Burn Calorie Load : Weight Ratio (at moderate pace over reasonably flat ground) • 180 pound person = 570 calories/ hour @ average of 6 hours = 3,420 total calories burned • 180 pound person with a 30 pound pack @ average of 6 hours = 4,000 total calories burned • 120 pound person with a 25 pound pack @ average of 6 hours = 2,500 total calories burned Food Types to achieve caloric needs • Fresh – PB&J, Lunch Meat, Fruit, Nuts and Veggies • Packaged – “Wet” packaged products, ramen noodles types and energy bars • Freeze Dried – Backpacking meals and specialty grocery products • Dehydrated – Homemade meals, jerky and snacks
WHAT CAN BE DEHYDRATED? HOW? Fruits and Vegetables should be ripe and firm, but at the peak of maturity • Fruits with a higher sugar content dry well, but need to be dried slowly so that a thick casing of leathery material does not form over the outside. • Ripe Vegetables are more flavorful than under ripe ones, and are less tough than over mature. • Herbs and Spices are best dried before the plant begins to flower. Remove any damaged or bruised parts. Trim or cut to a uniform size to promote even drying Vegetables should be blanched (by steam or water) before drying Meats (Beef, Turkey, Salmon, etc) should be low in fat and well-trimmed Drying is complete when…the item is tough, leathery, and pliable and does not have a moist center when cut. However, it should not be brittle unless you are making fruit/ veggie chips. Allow 30 minutes to one-hour of cooling time to prevent condensation. However, do not leave it out too long so that moisture is allowed back into the item. Jerky must be stored in the freezer due to the residual fat content in the meat. However, storing all dehydrated goods in the freezer will extend their shelf life.
MY DAILY BACKPACKING MENU VACUUM SEALED BAG ONE VACUUM SEALED BAG TWO BREAKFAST APPETIZERS • Oatmeal with Granola • Hummus • Coffee & Emergen-C • Spinach & Bean Tacos SNACKS DINNER • Trail Mix • Rehydrated Meal; Spaghetti, Mac-N- Cheese, Beef Stew, Mashed Potatoes • Japanese Rice Crackers • Flatbread Round with Butter • Jerky & Baybel Cheese Rounds • Baybel Cheese Rounds • Annie’s Fruit Gummies • Reese Peanut Butter Cups • Fiber One Bars • Tea, Emergen-C • Whole Foods Pro Bar
OATMEAL WITH HATCH’S GRANOLA Your favorite oatmeal takes on new dimensions with some dry milk and granola Hatch’s Granola – Qty 6lb/ ~$2.50/pound • ½ cup flax seed • 1 ¼ cup rye flakes • 1 ¼ cup wheat flakes • 7 cups thick rolled oats • 1 ½ cup soy nuts • 2 ½ cup shredded coconut • 1 ¼ cup sunflower seeds • 1 cup sesame seeds • 1 ¼ cups whole raw almonds • 1 cup safflower oil • 1 cup honey • 2 cups diced, dry granny smith apple pieces • 1 ¼ cup golden raisins • 1 ¼ cup diced, dry apricots • 1 1 /4 cup blueberries • 1 ¼ cup dry currants
TRAIL SNACKS Asian crackers and snacks make a savory Trail mix…make it interesting to eat and snack while on the trail & are light weight change up the variety often
MEATLESS PEMMICAN Pemmican Bars…all that Cliff Bars wanted to be, but aren’t Pemmican – Qty 7-9 rounds • ½ cup golden raisins • ½ cup whole raw almonds • ½ cup sunflower seeds • ½ cup diced, dry granny smith pieces • ¼ cup dry blueberries • ¼ cup dry currants • ¼ cup dancing deer pumpkin pancake mix • ¼ cup chocolate whey powder • ½ cup cornmeal • 1/3 cup maple syrup
BEEF JERKY 3lbs of top round beef will make one gallon freezer bag of dry jerky Round Steak Beef Jerky • 3 lbs Round Steak Beef • Cut 1/8th to 1/16th inch thick; cut with the grain of the meat • The meat for jerky typically needs to be special ordered from a good butcher. To get the thin cut it must be slightly frozen and then cut. • If you receive jerky meat that is 1/2- inch or more, it will be too thick to dry properly and can go rancid on the trail in hot weather.
JERKY CURE AND SEASONING Jerky cure and seasoning can be either wet or dry depending on preference. • Jerky meat should never be cured and marinated in metal bowls. Always use a glass bowl or container for this process. • Marinating requires a minimum of 24- hours before you can begin the dehydration process. GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • 1/16th inch jerky = 4 trays; 5-hours • 1/8th inch jerky = 4 trays; 10 hours • 3 pounds wet jerky meat = 1 gallon ziplock bag dry
HUMMUS Hummus is easy to make and dehydrates well as long as you do not use to much oil Lemon Hummus • 1 can 15-oz chickpeas • 3 tbsp tahini • 1 clove garlic • ¼ cup lemon juice • ½ tsp kosher salt • ¼ tsp Cumin and Paprika • 1/8 tsp cayenne pepper • ¼ cup water (add in small batches) • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil (add when re- hydrating, not during preparation) GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • Let sit overnight; dry in 1/3 cup portions • 4 cups wet hummus = 2 ½ cups dry; 16 hours
SPINACH AND WHITE BEANS Spinach and Beans are a welcome “green hit” on the trail Oswegatchie Spinach & Bean Taco • 1 large onion • 2 cloves garlic • 2 tsp lemon juice • ½ tsp pepper • ½ tsp salt • 1 pinch spices; cumin, cilantro, chili powder • 1 bag spinach • ½ can cannellini beans GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • 2 lbs wet spinach mix = 4 cups dry; 8 hours • Rehydrate and spread on tacos with hummus!
SPAGHETTI Spaghetti is dehydrated with the sauce on so it is a complete meal when finished Santanoni Spaghetti • 1 pound angel hair pasta • 12 fresh mushrooms • 3 cloves garlic • 1 large onion • 1 can diced black olives • 1 can red beans • 1 or 2 jars spaghetti sauce • 1 pinch spices; crushed red pepper, salt, pepper • ½ cup fresh grated parmesan cheese GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • Combine everything and let sit overnight • 1 lb wet spaghetti = 1 gallon ziplock; 12 hours
SPAGHETTI MEAT ADD-INS Meat and sliced ham can be added to any meal for some extra protein and flavor GROUND MEAT • Choose lean buffalo, beef or turkey with a fat content of 15% or less. Add bread crumbs to the ground meat to improve rehydration. • 1 lb grd buffalo = 2 cups dry; 5 hours DELI MEAT • Choose lean ham, turkey, roast beef or chicken with a fat content less than 10%. Meat shall be around 1/16th inch thick • 1 lb ham = 1 ½ cup dry; 6 hours
MAC & CHEESE A blend of box mac & cheese with veggie and spice additions makes a flavorful meal. Spicy Veggie Mac-n-Cheese • 3 cups cooked Macaroni (Back to Nature; Mac-n- Cheese Spirals) • 1 packet dry cheese powder • 1 1/2 tsp butter • RE-DEHYDRATE PASTA MIX FIRST; then add • 4 tbsp powdered milk • 1 tbsp taco seasoning • 1 cup dry tomato slices • 1 cup dry pepper, onions and mushrooms (or freeze dry veggie mix) • 1 pinch dry red pepper flakes GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • 3 cups dry pasta = 3 cups dry; 4-5 hours
BEEF STEW Add veggies and meat to a beef stew You can cheat a bit and use a pre-packaged base, along with Chinese mushrooms. meal as your base.
ADD-INS Spices, Red Pepper, Olive Oil and Taco Tomato Soup and similar spices create a Seasoning add flavor and interest rich and tasty tomato base to meals
ADD-INS Onion is better purchased dry since it can take a Chinese mushrooms are very economical and have long time to dehydrate and is strong smelling a long shelf-life, plus they give a meaty texture
ADD-INS Freeze dried tofu from the Asian Market is Freeze dried veggies are a great tool and a great protein source hold up well in the dehydration paks.
ADD-INS Instant Potato Mixes are a great meal with Tuna paks can be used as is, or you can chicken or tuna added dehydrate the tuna to save weight
CLEAN WATER The Aquamira System is light weight, safe A Katadyn filter is a reliable tool, but takes and efficient for purifying your water up more pack space and weight.
RE-HYDRATION SYSTEM Hefty Freezer Bags are great and can be Add the food to the bag and fill with hot used more than once on a trip water to cover
RE-HYDRATION SYSTEM Use a FedEx Bubble Pak envelope as your Modify the size and seal up with duct tape. re-hydration cozy This cozy is 4 years old and still going!
PRESERVING YOUR EFFORTS Keep the silica paks that you get in pre- Keep your dehydrated foods in the freezer packaged foods and add them to yours until needed.
RESOURCES Dehydration guides and your notes Websites
THE GOAL… 100-mile Wilderness Backpack Food Prep Kootenay Rockwall Backpack Food Prep 11 days; 18.7-pounds of food 6 days; 10.2-pounds of food
GENERAL DEHYDRATION TIMES • Item Weight Thickness Hours to Dry Amount Produced • Jerky 3 lbs wet 1/8th thick 10 hours 1 gallon bag • Ground Buffalo 1 lb wet 5 hours 2 cups dry • Deli Ham 1 lb wet 1/16” thick 6 hours 1 ½ cup dry • Tuna 2 cans 2.5 hours 2 cups dry • Spaghetti 1 lb dry pasta 12 hours 1 gallon bag • Mac-n-Cheese 6 cups dry pasta 8 hours 6 cups dry • Spinach & Beans 2 lbs wet 8 hours 4 cups • Hummus 4 cups wet 16 hours 2 ½ cups dry • Scallions 6 stems 1/8” thick 3 hours ½ cup • Mushrooms 1 pint 1/8” thick 7 hours ½ cup • Tomatoes 1 pint 1/8” thick 7 hours ½ cup • Peppers 4 peppers ½” square 10 hours ½ cup • Green Apples 6 apples ½” rings 12 hours 1 pint bag

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2012 01-26 amc dehydration 101-v1.1

  • 1. TRAIL FOOD DEHYDRATION 101 When you want to reduce sodium and the hit on your pocketbook…
  • 2. THE OPTIONS SELF PREPARED TRAIL PAK including PRE-PACKAGED TRAIL FOOD…which is meal, seasoning, drink & dessert the same size as one self made trail pak
  • 4. TOOLS TO GET THERE DEHYDRATOR VACUUM SEALER
  • 7. CALORIC INTAKE AND RULES OF THUMB Adult Caloric Calculation during Backpacking Activities (three season conditions) Note: During winter backpacking and camping increase the caloric intake by an additional 1/3 to 1/2 more of the base calculation. • 20-25kcal/ 1 lb of body weight • Body Weight Kcal/Lbs Daily Caloric Minimum • 125 lbs 20/1 2,500 calories • 150 lbs 21/1 3,150 calories • 175 lbs 22/1 3,850 calories • 200 lbs 23/1 4,600 calories • 225 lbs 24/1 5,400 calories Children Caloric Calculation • 79-81 lbs; Boy 2,279 calories • 79-81 lbs; Girl 2,071 calories • Highly active children may require up to 2,400 calories per day
  • 8. NUTRITION RATIO AND CALORIE LOADING Nutrition Ratio • 50-55% calories from Carbs | 15-20% calories from Protein | 30% calories from Fats • 125 – 130 calories per ounce of food stuff • 1.7 pounds of foodstuff per day of backpacking; minimum • You enter a caloric deficiency when you burn more calories than you take in. • Do not under-estimate the need to drink 3-4 liters of water a day on the trail…if you become dehydrated you are less likely to feel well and will feel less inclined to eat or drink, leading to big trouble and poor decision making. Burn Calorie Load : Weight Ratio (at moderate pace over reasonably flat ground) • 180 pound person = 570 calories/ hour @ average of 6 hours = 3,420 total calories burned • 180 pound person with a 30 pound pack @ average of 6 hours = 4,000 total calories burned • 120 pound person with a 25 pound pack @ average of 6 hours = 2,500 total calories burned Food Types to achieve caloric needs • Fresh – PB&J, Lunch Meat, Fruit, Nuts and Veggies • Packaged – “Wet” packaged products, ramen noodles types and energy bars • Freeze Dried – Backpacking meals and specialty grocery products • Dehydrated – Homemade meals, jerky and snacks
  • 9. WHAT CAN BE DEHYDRATED? HOW? Fruits and Vegetables should be ripe and firm, but at the peak of maturity • Fruits with a higher sugar content dry well, but need to be dried slowly so that a thick casing of leathery material does not form over the outside. • Ripe Vegetables are more flavorful than under ripe ones, and are less tough than over mature. • Herbs and Spices are best dried before the plant begins to flower. Remove any damaged or bruised parts. Trim or cut to a uniform size to promote even drying Vegetables should be blanched (by steam or water) before drying Meats (Beef, Turkey, Salmon, etc) should be low in fat and well-trimmed Drying is complete when…the item is tough, leathery, and pliable and does not have a moist center when cut. However, it should not be brittle unless you are making fruit/ veggie chips. Allow 30 minutes to one-hour of cooling time to prevent condensation. However, do not leave it out too long so that moisture is allowed back into the item. Jerky must be stored in the freezer due to the residual fat content in the meat. However, storing all dehydrated goods in the freezer will extend their shelf life.
  • 10. MY DAILY BACKPACKING MENU VACUUM SEALED BAG ONE VACUUM SEALED BAG TWO BREAKFAST APPETIZERS • Oatmeal with Granola • Hummus • Coffee & Emergen-C • Spinach & Bean Tacos SNACKS DINNER • Trail Mix • Rehydrated Meal; Spaghetti, Mac-N- Cheese, Beef Stew, Mashed Potatoes • Japanese Rice Crackers • Flatbread Round with Butter • Jerky & Baybel Cheese Rounds • Baybel Cheese Rounds • Annie’s Fruit Gummies • Reese Peanut Butter Cups • Fiber One Bars • Tea, Emergen-C • Whole Foods Pro Bar
  • 11. OATMEAL WITH HATCH’S GRANOLA Your favorite oatmeal takes on new dimensions with some dry milk and granola Hatch’s Granola – Qty 6lb/ ~$2.50/pound • ½ cup flax seed • 1 ¼ cup rye flakes • 1 ¼ cup wheat flakes • 7 cups thick rolled oats • 1 ½ cup soy nuts • 2 ½ cup shredded coconut • 1 ¼ cup sunflower seeds • 1 cup sesame seeds • 1 ¼ cups whole raw almonds • 1 cup safflower oil • 1 cup honey • 2 cups diced, dry granny smith apple pieces • 1 ¼ cup golden raisins • 1 ¼ cup diced, dry apricots • 1 1 /4 cup blueberries • 1 ¼ cup dry currants
  • 12. TRAIL SNACKS Asian crackers and snacks make a savory Trail mix…make it interesting to eat and snack while on the trail & are light weight change up the variety often
  • 13. MEATLESS PEMMICAN Pemmican Bars…all that Cliff Bars wanted to be, but aren’t Pemmican – Qty 7-9 rounds • ½ cup golden raisins • ½ cup whole raw almonds • ½ cup sunflower seeds • ½ cup diced, dry granny smith pieces • ¼ cup dry blueberries • ¼ cup dry currants • ¼ cup dancing deer pumpkin pancake mix • ¼ cup chocolate whey powder • ½ cup cornmeal • 1/3 cup maple syrup
  • 14. BEEF JERKY 3lbs of top round beef will make one gallon freezer bag of dry jerky Round Steak Beef Jerky • 3 lbs Round Steak Beef • Cut 1/8th to 1/16th inch thick; cut with the grain of the meat • The meat for jerky typically needs to be special ordered from a good butcher. To get the thin cut it must be slightly frozen and then cut. • If you receive jerky meat that is 1/2- inch or more, it will be too thick to dry properly and can go rancid on the trail in hot weather.
  • 15. JERKY CURE AND SEASONING Jerky cure and seasoning can be either wet or dry depending on preference. • Jerky meat should never be cured and marinated in metal bowls. Always use a glass bowl or container for this process. • Marinating requires a minimum of 24- hours before you can begin the dehydration process. GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • 1/16th inch jerky = 4 trays; 5-hours • 1/8th inch jerky = 4 trays; 10 hours • 3 pounds wet jerky meat = 1 gallon ziplock bag dry
  • 16. HUMMUS Hummus is easy to make and dehydrates well as long as you do not use to much oil Lemon Hummus • 1 can 15-oz chickpeas • 3 tbsp tahini • 1 clove garlic • ¼ cup lemon juice • ½ tsp kosher salt • ¼ tsp Cumin and Paprika • 1/8 tsp cayenne pepper • ¼ cup water (add in small batches) • 1 tbsp extra virgin olive oil (add when re- hydrating, not during preparation) GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • Let sit overnight; dry in 1/3 cup portions • 4 cups wet hummus = 2 ½ cups dry; 16 hours
  • 17. SPINACH AND WHITE BEANS Spinach and Beans are a welcome “green hit” on the trail Oswegatchie Spinach & Bean Taco • 1 large onion • 2 cloves garlic • 2 tsp lemon juice • ½ tsp pepper • ½ tsp salt • 1 pinch spices; cumin, cilantro, chili powder • 1 bag spinach • ½ can cannellini beans GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • 2 lbs wet spinach mix = 4 cups dry; 8 hours • Rehydrate and spread on tacos with hummus!
  • 18. SPAGHETTI Spaghetti is dehydrated with the sauce on so it is a complete meal when finished Santanoni Spaghetti • 1 pound angel hair pasta • 12 fresh mushrooms • 3 cloves garlic • 1 large onion • 1 can diced black olives • 1 can red beans • 1 or 2 jars spaghetti sauce • 1 pinch spices; crushed red pepper, salt, pepper • ½ cup fresh grated parmesan cheese GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • Combine everything and let sit overnight • 1 lb wet spaghetti = 1 gallon ziplock; 12 hours
  • 19. SPAGHETTI MEAT ADD-INS Meat and sliced ham can be added to any meal for some extra protein and flavor GROUND MEAT • Choose lean buffalo, beef or turkey with a fat content of 15% or less. Add bread crumbs to the ground meat to improve rehydration. • 1 lb grd buffalo = 2 cups dry; 5 hours DELI MEAT • Choose lean ham, turkey, roast beef or chicken with a fat content less than 10%. Meat shall be around 1/16th inch thick • 1 lb ham = 1 ½ cup dry; 6 hours
  • 20. MAC & CHEESE A blend of box mac & cheese with veggie and spice additions makes a flavorful meal. Spicy Veggie Mac-n-Cheese • 3 cups cooked Macaroni (Back to Nature; Mac-n- Cheese Spirals) • 1 packet dry cheese powder • 1 1/2 tsp butter • RE-DEHYDRATE PASTA MIX FIRST; then add • 4 tbsp powdered milk • 1 tbsp taco seasoning • 1 cup dry tomato slices • 1 cup dry pepper, onions and mushrooms (or freeze dry veggie mix) • 1 pinch dry red pepper flakes GENERAL DEHYDRATION INFO: • 3 cups dry pasta = 3 cups dry; 4-5 hours
  • 21. BEEF STEW Add veggies and meat to a beef stew You can cheat a bit and use a pre-packaged base, along with Chinese mushrooms. meal as your base.
  • 22. ADD-INS Spices, Red Pepper, Olive Oil and Taco Tomato Soup and similar spices create a Seasoning add flavor and interest rich and tasty tomato base to meals
  • 23. ADD-INS Onion is better purchased dry since it can take a Chinese mushrooms are very economical and have long time to dehydrate and is strong smelling a long shelf-life, plus they give a meaty texture
  • 24. ADD-INS Freeze dried tofu from the Asian Market is Freeze dried veggies are a great tool and a great protein source hold up well in the dehydration paks.
  • 25. ADD-INS Instant Potato Mixes are a great meal with Tuna paks can be used as is, or you can chicken or tuna added dehydrate the tuna to save weight
  • 26. CLEAN WATER The Aquamira System is light weight, safe A Katadyn filter is a reliable tool, but takes and efficient for purifying your water up more pack space and weight.
  • 27. RE-HYDRATION SYSTEM Hefty Freezer Bags are great and can be Add the food to the bag and fill with hot used more than once on a trip water to cover
  • 28. RE-HYDRATION SYSTEM Use a FedEx Bubble Pak envelope as your Modify the size and seal up with duct tape. re-hydration cozy This cozy is 4 years old and still going!
  • 29. PRESERVING YOUR EFFORTS Keep the silica paks that you get in pre- Keep your dehydrated foods in the freezer packaged foods and add them to yours until needed.
  • 30. RESOURCES Dehydration guides and your notes Websites
  • 31. THE GOAL… 100-mile Wilderness Backpack Food Prep Kootenay Rockwall Backpack Food Prep 11 days; 18.7-pounds of food 6 days; 10.2-pounds of food
  • 32. GENERAL DEHYDRATION TIMES • Item Weight Thickness Hours to Dry Amount Produced • Jerky 3 lbs wet 1/8th thick 10 hours 1 gallon bag • Ground Buffalo 1 lb wet 5 hours 2 cups dry • Deli Ham 1 lb wet 1/16” thick 6 hours 1 ½ cup dry • Tuna 2 cans 2.5 hours 2 cups dry • Spaghetti 1 lb dry pasta 12 hours 1 gallon bag • Mac-n-Cheese 6 cups dry pasta 8 hours 6 cups dry • Spinach & Beans 2 lbs wet 8 hours 4 cups • Hummus 4 cups wet 16 hours 2 ½ cups dry • Scallions 6 stems 1/8” thick 3 hours ½ cup • Mushrooms 1 pint 1/8” thick 7 hours ½ cup • Tomatoes 1 pint 1/8” thick 7 hours ½ cup • Peppers 4 peppers ½” square 10 hours ½ cup • Green Apples 6 apples ½” rings 12 hours 1 pint bag