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20th century spain

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castillosekel
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Spain lost its last colonies in the late 19th century. In the early 20th century, Spain experienced both industrial growth in cities and a rural class system. Social unrest occurred. A dictatorship formed in 1923 led by Primo de Rivera. In 1931, the Second Republic began and reforms like land redistribution and women's suffrage passed. However, conflicts grew and in 1936 General Francisco Franco launched a civil war, leading to dictatorship until his death in 1975. The transition to democracy followed, and Spain is now a modern democracy and member of the European Union.

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20th Century Spain
1898-1931 oSpain lost its last colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines by the end of the 19th Century. oIn the early 20th Century, some parts of Spain experienced industrial growth. oIn the rural areas, peasants worked on the land owned by landowners. Alternatively in big cities the industrial workers became a new middle class and working class. oAt this time, there were social uprisings, such as the 1909 revolt in Barcelona. oGeneral Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship in 1923 Key Words Dictatorship: A country which has a dictator as a leader. The dictator holds complete power. Rural: The countryside Revolt: The act of trying to change a government, often using violence.
The Second Republic o1930 marked the end of Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship and elections began. oIn 1931 Republicans won the local elections and so The Second Republic began. oMany changes were made: o Land was shared between the peasants. o State schools were built. o Women were given the right to vote. Key Words State schools: A school that is free to go to as it is paid for by the government.
The Second Republic oSome people were happy with these changes. However others didn't agree with the new polices. oThe conflicts became violent and some people, including politicians were assassinated. Key Words Assassinate: To kill somebody important. Conflict in 1931
The Civil War 1936-1939 oGeneral Francisco Franco led a military against the Republic in 1936. This started a civil war. The Republicans controlled the north, center and east of Spain. They also held most big cities. The Nationalists supported General Franco and controlled more rural areas in the south and north west of Spain. oThe Nationalist army won many victories and over time, occupied most of Spain. First Barcelona fell in January 1939 with Madrid following in March. oThe war ended on 1st April 1939.
The Dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939-1975) oIn the time after the war, many people who went against Franco were imprisoned or executed. oFranco now controlled all of the powers of the state. oDuring his Dictatorship; o Political parties and trade unions were illegal. Only those controlled by the government were allowed. o Freedom of expression and other individual liberties were restricted. Francisco Franco
oIn the beginning, Spain was isolated and many Spanish workers migrated to other countries. oIn the 1960’s economic growth began which included the growth of the tourist industry. oThe transition to democracy started in 1975 when General Franco died. The Dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939-1975) Francisco Franco
The transition to democracy oJuan Carlos I, Alfonso XIII’s grandson, was selected as king of Spain in 1975. Two years later King Juan Carlos I selected Adolfo Suarez as President of the government. oDuring this time; o Political parties and trade unions were legalized. o Democratic elections were held (The first elections since 1936). o The majority of the Spanish population as well as the Parliament approved a new constitution. o Serious economic and political problems continued. This included terrorist attacks. The Spanish Constitution Key Words Constitution: This is a set of principles that a government must follow.
Spain’s modern democracy oSince 1982 Spain has been governed by both the Spanish Socialist Party and the Popular Party. oThere have been many changes; o Spain became a member of the European Union. o The Spanish State was organized into seventeen Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities oIt is now a modern and prosperous country. The European Union flag.
20th Century culture Literature This was the time of the ‘Generation of ‘27’ which included poets such as Jorge Guillen. This was a group of poets who experimented with new forms of art and culture. Architecture During the 20th Century, many original buildings were designed such as the cathedral of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona designed by Antoni Gaudi. Painting and sculpture Pablo Picasso created many pieces as one of the most famous artists in the world. Cinema The film director Luis Bunuel became a worldwide star. The Segrada Familia Head of a woman by Picasso
20th Century Society There have been many changes in Spanish society since the dictatorship ended; oDivorce is now allowed oWomen can study at university and work. They are allowed to be totally independent and own their own property. oSpain is now more connected with the rest of the world. Today there are immigrants in Spain from all over the world.
Resources oEssential Science 6, Richmond publishing.

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20th century spain

  • 2. 1898-1931 oSpain lost its last colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines by the end of the 19th Century. oIn the early 20th Century, some parts of Spain experienced industrial growth. oIn the rural areas, peasants worked on the land owned by landowners. Alternatively in big cities the industrial workers became a new middle class and working class. oAt this time, there were social uprisings, such as the 1909 revolt in Barcelona. oGeneral Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship in 1923 Key Words Dictatorship: A country which has a dictator as a leader. The dictator holds complete power. Rural: The countryside Revolt: The act of trying to change a government, often using violence.
  • 3. The Second Republic o1930 marked the end of Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship and elections began. oIn 1931 Republicans won the local elections and so The Second Republic began. oMany changes were made: o Land was shared between the peasants. o State schools were built. o Women were given the right to vote. Key Words State schools: A school that is free to go to as it is paid for by the government.
  • 4. The Second Republic oSome people were happy with these changes. However others didn't agree with the new polices. oThe conflicts became violent and some people, including politicians were assassinated. Key Words Assassinate: To kill somebody important. Conflict in 1931
  • 5. The Civil War 1936-1939 oGeneral Francisco Franco led a military against the Republic in 1936. This started a civil war. The Republicans controlled the north, center and east of Spain. They also held most big cities. The Nationalists supported General Franco and controlled more rural areas in the south and north west of Spain. oThe Nationalist army won many victories and over time, occupied most of Spain. First Barcelona fell in January 1939 with Madrid following in March. oThe war ended on 1st April 1939.
  • 6. The Dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939-1975) oIn the time after the war, many people who went against Franco were imprisoned or executed. oFranco now controlled all of the powers of the state. oDuring his Dictatorship; o Political parties and trade unions were illegal. Only those controlled by the government were allowed. o Freedom of expression and other individual liberties were restricted. Francisco Franco
  • 7. oIn the beginning, Spain was isolated and many Spanish workers migrated to other countries. oIn the 1960’s economic growth began which included the growth of the tourist industry. oThe transition to democracy started in 1975 when General Franco died. The Dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939-1975) Francisco Franco
  • 8. The transition to democracy oJuan Carlos I, Alfonso XIII’s grandson, was selected as king of Spain in 1975. Two years later King Juan Carlos I selected Adolfo Suarez as President of the government. oDuring this time; o Political parties and trade unions were legalized. o Democratic elections were held (The first elections since 1936). o The majority of the Spanish population as well as the Parliament approved a new constitution. o Serious economic and political problems continued. This included terrorist attacks. The Spanish Constitution Key Words Constitution: This is a set of principles that a government must follow.
  • 9. Spain’s modern democracy oSince 1982 Spain has been governed by both the Spanish Socialist Party and the Popular Party. oThere have been many changes; o Spain became a member of the European Union. o The Spanish State was organized into seventeen Autonomous Communities and two Autonomous Cities oIt is now a modern and prosperous country. The European Union flag.
  • 10. 20th Century culture Literature This was the time of the ‘Generation of ‘27’ which included poets such as Jorge Guillen. This was a group of poets who experimented with new forms of art and culture. Architecture During the 20th Century, many original buildings were designed such as the cathedral of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona designed by Antoni Gaudi. Painting and sculpture Pablo Picasso created many pieces as one of the most famous artists in the world. Cinema The film director Luis Bunuel became a worldwide star. The Segrada Familia Head of a woman by Picasso
  • 11. 20th Century Society There have been many changes in Spanish society since the dictatorship ended; oDivorce is now allowed oWomen can study at university and work. They are allowed to be totally independent and own their own property. oSpain is now more connected with the rest of the world. Today there are immigrants in Spain from all over the world.
  • 12. Resources oEssential Science 6, Richmond publishing.