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2.1.3.1 octet rule

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M
Martin Brown

The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when their outer electron shells contain 8 electrons. Atoms attain this stable electron configuration by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons with other atoms so that their outer shells match the noble gas configuration. The rule applies mainly to nonmetals like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and halogens, and also some metals such as sodium and magnesium.

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2.1.3 Octet Rule
The octet rule is a simple chemical rule of thumb Octet Rule says atoms with 8 electrons in their outer shell are stable Atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electron configuration as a noble gas. The nearest Nobel gas
The rule applies to the main-group elements, especially carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens, and also to metals such as sodium or magnesium. In simple terms, molecules or ions tend to be most stable when the outermost electron shells of their constituent atoms contain 8 electrons.
Noble Gases group of elements were discovered at the end of the 18th century  They were un-reactive so they were called the “Noble Gases”  Later they were called “Inert Gases” as they did not react and it sounded more scientific.  Now called “Noble” again because they do react under extreme conditions  Atoms with a full outer shell of electrons are very stable 
Limitations Doesn’t allow for  H, He or Li [stable with 2 e- in their outer shells] Duet Rule  Transition elements - 18 electron rule  BF3 which only has 6 e- in its outer shell
How can atoms get a full outer shell? Give away electrons Take in electrons Share electrons Don’t bother getting a full outer shell at all – (Rare but does happen [BF3])
How can atoms get a full outer shell? Give away electrons Take in electrons Share electrons Don’t bother getting a full outer shell at all – (Rare but does happen [BF3])

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2.1.3.1 octet rule

  • 2. The octet rule is a simple chemical rule of thumb Octet Rule says atoms with 8 electrons in their outer shell are stable Atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electron configuration as a noble gas. The nearest Nobel gas
  • 3. The rule applies to the main-group elements, especially carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, the halogens, and also to metals such as sodium or magnesium. In simple terms, molecules or ions tend to be most stable when the outermost electron shells of their constituent atoms contain 8 electrons.
  • 4. Noble Gases group of elements were discovered at the end of the 18th century  They were un-reactive so they were called the “Noble Gases”  Later they were called “Inert Gases” as they did not react and it sounded more scientific.  Now called “Noble” again because they do react under extreme conditions  Atoms with a full outer shell of electrons are very stable 
  • 5. Limitations Doesn’t allow for  H, He or Li [stable with 2 e- in their outer shells] Duet Rule  Transition elements - 18 electron rule  BF3 which only has 6 e- in its outer shell
  • 6. How can atoms get a full outer shell? Give away electrons Take in electrons Share electrons Don’t bother getting a full outer shell at all – (Rare but does happen [BF3])
  • 7. How can atoms get a full outer shell? Give away electrons Take in electrons Share electrons Don’t bother getting a full outer shell at all – (Rare but does happen [BF3])