Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

30120140503011

•
•
IAEME Publication
IAEME Publication

This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of different heat sink shield profiles for electronic cooling. Three shield profiles - trapezoidal with curved inclination, trapezoidal with plane inclination, and slope shield - were modeled and simulated under a heat load of 75W. The trapezoidal shield with curved inclination achieved the lowest maximum temperature of 325.58K, highest heat transfer coefficient of 29.32, and highest surface Nusselt number of 1211.604, indicating it has the best thermal performance of the three profiles analyzed.

1 of 8
Download to read offline

1

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 114 THERMAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT SINK (VARIABLE SHIELD PROFILE) USED IN ELECTRONIC COOLING USING CFD ANALYSIS Ambeprasad S. Kushwaha 1 , Dhiraj K. Patil 2 , Vinaykumar J. Pandey 3 , Sandeepkumar K. Yadav 4 , Tushar S. Suryawanshi 5 1, 2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.H.R.I.E.M. Jalgaon, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India. ABSTRACT This paper deals with the comparative study of heat sink having fins with shield of various profiles namely Trapezoidal with curved and plane inclination and slope shield as heat sinks are the commonly used devices for enhancing heat transfer in electronic components. For the purpose of study heat sink is modeled by using the optimal geometric parameter such as fin height, fin thickness, base height, fin pitch as 48 mm, 1.6 mm, 8mm, 4mm and after that simulation is done at heat load of 75W and with a air velocity of 4.7171m/s and air inlet temperature is taken as 295 K. The simulation is carried out with a commercial package provided by fluent incorporation. The result obtained taking into consideration only the thermal performance. As per the current era of the technological development everything is needed to be compact; whether it is a normal computer or laptop or the rack server we need everything that can be placed in a small space, so here the space constraint plays an major role as you cannot install a large heat sink for your device as it increases the size and the cost. So in this paper the pitch of fin is kept 4mm and heat load of 75w. Keywords: Heat Sink, Pressure Drop, Shield Profile, Surface Nusselt Number, Temperature. 1. INTRODUCTION Extended surfaces or fins are commonly found on electronic components ranging from power supplies to transformers. The dissipation and subsequent rejection of potentially destructive self-produced heat is an important aspect of electronic equipment design. The dissipation of heat is necessary for its proper function. The heat is generated by the resistance encountered by electric INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online) Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.5377 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJMET © I A E M E

2

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 115 current. Unless proper cooling arrangement is designed, the operating temperature exceeds permissible limit. As a consequence, chances of failure get increased. In order to design an effective heat sink, some criterions such as a large heat transfer rate, a low pressure drop, high heat transfer coefficient, lowest maximum temperature attained, high surface Nusselt number, an easier manufacturing, a simpler structure, a reasonable cost and so on should be considered. The optimal geometric parameter is as per [3]. And the material of the construction is taken aluminum [10] as Aluminum has a thermal conductivity of 235 watts per Kelvin per meter (W/MK). (The thermal conductivity number, in this case 235, refers to the metal's ability to conduct heat. Simply put, the higher the thermal conductivity number of a metal, the more heat that metal can conduct.) Aluminum is also cheap to produce and is lightweight. When a heat sink is attached, its weight puts a certain level of stress on the motherboard, which the motherboard is designed to accommodate. Yet the lightweight make up of aluminum is beneficial because it adds little weight and stress to the motherboard. 2. OBJECTIVE OF WORK The main objective of current work is 1) To simulate the heat sink with various shield profile for 75w heat input. 2) To predict temperature distribution along the channel. 3) To predict temperature profiles for heat input of 75w applied on the base of the heat sink. 4) Comparative study of various shield profile for parameters, average heat transfer coefficient, surface Nusselt number and Lowest Maximum temperature attained for the heat sink with various shield profile for the inlet velocity of 4.717m/s and for heat input of 75w. And to find out which one is more effective. 3. STEPS IN CFD CALCULATION CFD codes are structured around the numerical algorithms that can be tackle fluid problems. In order to provide easy access to their solving power all commercial CFD packages include sophisticated user interfaces input problem parameters and to examine the results. Hence all Codes contain three main elements: In CFD calculations, there are three main steps 1. Pre-processing. 2. Solver. 3. Post processing. 3.1 CFD Governing Equations Solve By Fluent This section is a summary of the governing equations used in CFD to mathematically solve for fluid flow and heat transfer, based on the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. These equations solve by the fluent software. The conservation laws of physics form the basis for fluid flow governing equations. Law of Conservation of Mass …. (1)

3

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 116 Momentum Equations X-Momentum:- .… (2) Y-Momentum:- …. (3) Z-Momentum:- …. (4) Energy Equation:- …. (5) Equations of State: …. (6) Where ρ is the density, u, v and w are velocity components, V is the velocity vector, p is the pressure, S terms are the source terms and terms are the viscous stress components which are defined for a Newtonian fluid as. …. (7) …. (8) …. (9) …. (10)

4

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 117 …. (11) …. (12) 4. MODELING AND ANALYSIS The procedure for solving the problem is: • Create the geometry. • Mesh the domain. • Set the material properties and boundary conditions. • Obtaining the solution Modeling software CATIA V5 R19 creates the geometry and the geometry is imported to the ANSYS workbench 14.0 where meshing is done, and exports the mesh to FLUENT. The boundary conditions, material properties, and surrounding properties are set through parameterized case files. FLUENT solves the problem until either the convergence limit is met, or the number of iterations specified by the user is achieved. Fig.1: 3D Model of Heat Sink with Trapezoidal Shield with Plane Inclination

5

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 118 Fig.2: 3D Model of Heat Sink with Trapezoidal Shield with Curve Inclination Fig.3: 3D Model of Heat Sink with Slope Shield

6

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 119 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Table 01: - Result Shield Profile Heat Input (watt) Lowest Maximum Temperature (k) Pressure Drop (pa) Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient Surface Nusselt Number Thermal Resistance (k/w) Trapezoidal with Plane Inclination 75w 331.53 28.831 25.425 1050.565 0.48 Trapezoidal with Curved Inclination 75w 325.58 23.011 29.32 1211.604 0.40 Slope Shield 75w 329.536 36.533 25.274 1044.391 0.46 Fig.4: Contour of Static Temperature for Trapezoidal Shield with Plane Inclination

7

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 120 Fig.5: Contours of Static Temperature for Trapezoidal Shield with Curved Inclination Fig.6: Contour of Static Temperature for Slope Shield

8

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 121 6. CONCLUSION For all the three shield profile compared for the lowest maximum temperature attained on the basis of result governed by the CFD analysis, Heat sink with “Trapezoidal shield with curve Inclination” shows the temperature attained is minimum as compared to the Trapezoidal with Plane Inclination and Slope Shield heat sink. Heat transfer coefficient and surface Nusselt number is Maximum in “Trapezoidal shield with curved inclination” heat sink for heat loads of 75W. As per the criterion for the selection of heat sink, the heat sink should have maximum heat transfer coefficient, lowest thermal resistance. The “Trapezoidal shield with curved inclination” Heat sink shows the maximum heat transfer coefficient and lowest thermal resistance 0.40k/w. From the calculated values we can find that the best configuration for this type of convective heat transfer of a heated sink is a heat sink with TRAPEZOIDAL SHIELD WITH CURVE INCLINATION as they have the highest total heat transfer rate and it has the lowest maximum temperature attained compared to other best surface Nusselt number along with highest surface heat transfer coefficient for a given heat load of 75w. The Trapezoidal Shape once again proved to be the best for heat transfer as earlier shown by [8][9]. 7. REFERENCES [1] Behnia M, & Copeland D, and Sood phadakee D.1998, “A Comparison of Heat Sink Geometries for Laminar Forced Convection,” Proceedings of The Sixth Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermo mechanical Phenomenon Electronic Systems, Seattle, Washington, USA, May 27–30, pp. 310–315. [2] Mohsin et al. “Optimization of Cylindrical Pin-fin heat sinks using Genetic Algorithm” IEEE Transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 32, No. 1, March 2009. [3] Arularasan R. and Velraj R. “CFD Analysis in a Heat sink for cooling of Electronic devices” International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol. 16.No.3 (September-December, 2008) pp 1-11 [4] Christopher L & Chapman, Seri Lee, Bill L. Schmidt. “Thermal Performance of an Elliptical Pin Fin Heat Sink,” Tenth IEEE SEMI-THERM, pp.24-31, 1993. [5] W. A. Khan, J. & R. Culham & M. M. Yovanovich. “The Role of Fin Geometry in Heat Sink Performance” Transactions of the ASME Vol. 128, dec 2006. [6] Laxmidhar Biswal & Suman Chakraborty and S. K. Som. “Design and Optimization of Single-Phase Liquid Cooled Microchannel Heat Sink” IEEE Transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 32, No. 4, December 2009. [7] Vafai, K. and Zhu, Lu., (1999), “Analysis of two-layered micro channel heat sink concept in electronic cooling”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 2287-2297. [8] Shashank Deorah “CFD Analysis of a vertical tube having internal fins for the Natural Convection”. [9] Ambeprasad S. Kushwaha, Prof. Ravindra Kirar Comparative Study of Rectangular, Trapezoidal and Parabolic Shaped Finned Heat sink IOSR-JMCE. [10] Emre Ozturk and Ilker Tari “Forced Air Cooling of CPUs with Heat Sinks: A Numerical Study” IEEE transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 31, NO. 3, Sep 2008. [11] Kapil Chopra, Dinesh Jain, Tushar Chandana and Anil Sharma, “Evaluation of Existing Cooling Systems for Reducing Cooling Power Consumption”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 210 - 216, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6340, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6359.

More Related Content

30120140503011

  • 1. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 114 THERMAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT SINK (VARIABLE SHIELD PROFILE) USED IN ELECTRONIC COOLING USING CFD ANALYSIS Ambeprasad S. Kushwaha 1 , Dhiraj K. Patil 2 , Vinaykumar J. Pandey 3 , Sandeepkumar K. Yadav 4 , Tushar S. Suryawanshi 5 1, 2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.H.R.I.E.M. Jalgaon, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India. ABSTRACT This paper deals with the comparative study of heat sink having fins with shield of various profiles namely Trapezoidal with curved and plane inclination and slope shield as heat sinks are the commonly used devices for enhancing heat transfer in electronic components. For the purpose of study heat sink is modeled by using the optimal geometric parameter such as fin height, fin thickness, base height, fin pitch as 48 mm, 1.6 mm, 8mm, 4mm and after that simulation is done at heat load of 75W and with a air velocity of 4.7171m/s and air inlet temperature is taken as 295 K. The simulation is carried out with a commercial package provided by fluent incorporation. The result obtained taking into consideration only the thermal performance. As per the current era of the technological development everything is needed to be compact; whether it is a normal computer or laptop or the rack server we need everything that can be placed in a small space, so here the space constraint plays an major role as you cannot install a large heat sink for your device as it increases the size and the cost. So in this paper the pitch of fin is kept 4mm and heat load of 75w. Keywords: Heat Sink, Pressure Drop, Shield Profile, Surface Nusselt Number, Temperature. 1. INTRODUCTION Extended surfaces or fins are commonly found on electronic components ranging from power supplies to transformers. The dissipation and subsequent rejection of potentially destructive self-produced heat is an important aspect of electronic equipment design. The dissipation of heat is necessary for its proper function. The heat is generated by the resistance encountered by electric INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online) Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 7.5377 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJMET © I A E M E
  • 2. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 115 current. Unless proper cooling arrangement is designed, the operating temperature exceeds permissible limit. As a consequence, chances of failure get increased. In order to design an effective heat sink, some criterions such as a large heat transfer rate, a low pressure drop, high heat transfer coefficient, lowest maximum temperature attained, high surface Nusselt number, an easier manufacturing, a simpler structure, a reasonable cost and so on should be considered. The optimal geometric parameter is as per [3]. And the material of the construction is taken aluminum [10] as Aluminum has a thermal conductivity of 235 watts per Kelvin per meter (W/MK). (The thermal conductivity number, in this case 235, refers to the metal's ability to conduct heat. Simply put, the higher the thermal conductivity number of a metal, the more heat that metal can conduct.) Aluminum is also cheap to produce and is lightweight. When a heat sink is attached, its weight puts a certain level of stress on the motherboard, which the motherboard is designed to accommodate. Yet the lightweight make up of aluminum is beneficial because it adds little weight and stress to the motherboard. 2. OBJECTIVE OF WORK The main objective of current work is 1) To simulate the heat sink with various shield profile for 75w heat input. 2) To predict temperature distribution along the channel. 3) To predict temperature profiles for heat input of 75w applied on the base of the heat sink. 4) Comparative study of various shield profile for parameters, average heat transfer coefficient, surface Nusselt number and Lowest Maximum temperature attained for the heat sink with various shield profile for the inlet velocity of 4.717m/s and for heat input of 75w. And to find out which one is more effective. 3. STEPS IN CFD CALCULATION CFD codes are structured around the numerical algorithms that can be tackle fluid problems. In order to provide easy access to their solving power all commercial CFD packages include sophisticated user interfaces input problem parameters and to examine the results. Hence all Codes contain three main elements: In CFD calculations, there are three main steps 1. Pre-processing. 2. Solver. 3. Post processing. 3.1 CFD Governing Equations Solve By Fluent This section is a summary of the governing equations used in CFD to mathematically solve for fluid flow and heat transfer, based on the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. These equations solve by the fluent software. The conservation laws of physics form the basis for fluid flow governing equations. Law of Conservation of Mass …. (1)
  • 3. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 116 Momentum Equations X-Momentum:- .… (2) Y-Momentum:- …. (3) Z-Momentum:- …. (4) Energy Equation:- …. (5) Equations of State: …. (6) Where ρ is the density, u, v and w are velocity components, V is the velocity vector, p is the pressure, S terms are the source terms and terms are the viscous stress components which are defined for a Newtonian fluid as. …. (7) …. (8) …. (9) …. (10)
  • 4. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 117 …. (11) …. (12) 4. MODELING AND ANALYSIS The procedure for solving the problem is: • Create the geometry. • Mesh the domain. • Set the material properties and boundary conditions. • Obtaining the solution Modeling software CATIA V5 R19 creates the geometry and the geometry is imported to the ANSYS workbench 14.0 where meshing is done, and exports the mesh to FLUENT. The boundary conditions, material properties, and surrounding properties are set through parameterized case files. FLUENT solves the problem until either the convergence limit is met, or the number of iterations specified by the user is achieved. Fig.1: 3D Model of Heat Sink with Trapezoidal Shield with Plane Inclination
  • 5. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 118 Fig.2: 3D Model of Heat Sink with Trapezoidal Shield with Curve Inclination Fig.3: 3D Model of Heat Sink with Slope Shield
  • 6. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 119 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Table 01: - Result Shield Profile Heat Input (watt) Lowest Maximum Temperature (k) Pressure Drop (pa) Surface Heat Transfer Coefficient Surface Nusselt Number Thermal Resistance (k/w) Trapezoidal with Plane Inclination 75w 331.53 28.831 25.425 1050.565 0.48 Trapezoidal with Curved Inclination 75w 325.58 23.011 29.32 1211.604 0.40 Slope Shield 75w 329.536 36.533 25.274 1044.391 0.46 Fig.4: Contour of Static Temperature for Trapezoidal Shield with Plane Inclination
  • 7. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 120 Fig.5: Contours of Static Temperature for Trapezoidal Shield with Curved Inclination Fig.6: Contour of Static Temperature for Slope Shield
  • 8. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 3, March (2014), pp. 114-121, © IAEME 121 6. CONCLUSION For all the three shield profile compared for the lowest maximum temperature attained on the basis of result governed by the CFD analysis, Heat sink with “Trapezoidal shield with curve Inclination” shows the temperature attained is minimum as compared to the Trapezoidal with Plane Inclination and Slope Shield heat sink. Heat transfer coefficient and surface Nusselt number is Maximum in “Trapezoidal shield with curved inclination” heat sink for heat loads of 75W. As per the criterion for the selection of heat sink, the heat sink should have maximum heat transfer coefficient, lowest thermal resistance. The “Trapezoidal shield with curved inclination” Heat sink shows the maximum heat transfer coefficient and lowest thermal resistance 0.40k/w. From the calculated values we can find that the best configuration for this type of convective heat transfer of a heated sink is a heat sink with TRAPEZOIDAL SHIELD WITH CURVE INCLINATION as they have the highest total heat transfer rate and it has the lowest maximum temperature attained compared to other best surface Nusselt number along with highest surface heat transfer coefficient for a given heat load of 75w. The Trapezoidal Shape once again proved to be the best for heat transfer as earlier shown by [8][9]. 7. REFERENCES [1] Behnia M, & Copeland D, and Sood phadakee D.1998, “A Comparison of Heat Sink Geometries for Laminar Forced Convection,” Proceedings of The Sixth Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermo mechanical Phenomenon Electronic Systems, Seattle, Washington, USA, May 27–30, pp. 310–315. [2] Mohsin et al. “Optimization of Cylindrical Pin-fin heat sinks using Genetic Algorithm” IEEE Transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 32, No. 1, March 2009. [3] Arularasan R. and Velraj R. “CFD Analysis in a Heat sink for cooling of Electronic devices” International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol. 16.No.3 (September-December, 2008) pp 1-11 [4] Christopher L & Chapman, Seri Lee, Bill L. Schmidt. “Thermal Performance of an Elliptical Pin Fin Heat Sink,” Tenth IEEE SEMI-THERM, pp.24-31, 1993. [5] W. A. Khan, J. & R. Culham & M. M. Yovanovich. “The Role of Fin Geometry in Heat Sink Performance” Transactions of the ASME Vol. 128, dec 2006. [6] Laxmidhar Biswal & Suman Chakraborty and S. K. Som. “Design and Optimization of Single-Phase Liquid Cooled Microchannel Heat Sink” IEEE Transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 32, No. 4, December 2009. [7] Vafai, K. and Zhu, Lu., (1999), “Analysis of two-layered micro channel heat sink concept in electronic cooling”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 42, pp. 2287-2297. [8] Shashank Deorah “CFD Analysis of a vertical tube having internal fins for the Natural Convection”. [9] Ambeprasad S. Kushwaha, Prof. Ravindra Kirar Comparative Study of Rectangular, Trapezoidal and Parabolic Shaped Finned Heat sink IOSR-JMCE. [10] Emre Ozturk and Ilker Tari “Forced Air Cooling of CPUs with Heat Sinks: A Numerical Study” IEEE transactions on components and packaging technologies, Vol. 31, NO. 3, Sep 2008. [11] Kapil Chopra, Dinesh Jain, Tushar Chandana and Anil Sharma, “Evaluation of Existing Cooling Systems for Reducing Cooling Power Consumption”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering & Technology (IJMET), Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 210 - 216, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6340, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6359.