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A Passage to India by E. M. Forster

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Bibi Halima
Bibi Halima

Introduction to novel and novelist Key characters conflict of the story Setting and Historical Time period

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A Passage to India By: E. M Forster
Major Outline:  full title · A Passage to India  author · Edward Morgan Forster  type of work · Novel  genre · Modernist novel; psychological novel  language · English  time and place written · 1912–1924; India, England  date of first publication · 1924  publisher · Edward Arnold  narrator · Forster uses an unnamed third-person narrator  point of view · The third-person narrator is omniscient, attuned both to the physical world and the inner states of the characters  tone · Forster’s tone is often poetic and sometimes ironic or philosophical  tense · Immediate past  setting (time) · 1910s or 1920s  setting (place) · India, specifically the cities of Chandrapore and Mau  protagonist · Dr. Aziz
Early life  Born in 1879 in London  Edward Morgan Forster  Father was an architect  Died before Edward was 2  Raised by women - mother and aunts  Used money from great aunt to travel and write later in life
Childhood home, Rooksnest
College Life Attended King’s College of Cambridge 1897-1901 Member of Apostles  Discussion group  Later became Bloomsbury Group  Virginia Woolf also a member Enjoyed freedom of intellectual discussions and focus on personal relationships
After graduation  Traveled with his mother to Italy and Greece  Gave him material to use later  Satire of British tourists  Feared anything “foreign”  Wrote essays and stories for liberal Independent Review Forster with mother
Tutoring  1905 - tutored in Germany for a Countess’s son  1906 - tutored Syed Ross Masood  Indian Muslim patriot  Grew fond of him
Written works  1905 - Where Angels Fear to Tread  1907 - The Longest Journey  1908 - A Room with a View  1910 - Howard’s End  Clash between business and art  1971 - Maurice  Homosexual theme
Personal life  Kept personal life hidden and out of discussion  1930 - involved in a relationship with a London policeman  Also friend with his wife  Maurice published posthumously
Travel and work 1912-1913 - traveled to India with Masood 1914-1915 - worked for National Gallery in London WWI - worked for Red Cross in Egypt  Wrote poetry while there 1921 - returned to India  Worked as private secretary to Maharajah of Dewas
A Passage to India (1984 directed by David Lean)
Death and Reputation  Died in 1970  Known for being critical of Victorian middle class attitudes and British colonialism  Explores class differences and sexuality  Used characters to critique issues
Introduction A Passage to India “A Passage to India” (1924) is a novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. It was selected as one of the 100 great works of English literature by the Modern Library and won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. Time magazine included the novel in its "100 Best English- language Novels from 1923 to 2005".[1] The novel is based on Forster's experiences in India. E. M. Forster borrowed the book's title from Walt Whitman's poem “Leaves of Grass”
Characters Muslim Hindu British
Characters (cont.) Muslim: Dr Aziz: A medical doctor and widower with three children, the main Indian character; his trial for a crime for which he is wrongly accused is the major plot of the novel. Mahmoud Ali: A friend of Dr. Aziz and pleader in his court case; Heaslop says his specialty is making a scene at a trial Hamidullah: A friend of Dr. Aziz, owner of the car; his wife, Hamidullah Begum, is a distant aunt of Aziz; leading lawyer of Chandrapore, Cambridge educated; changes his British title and reverts to plain Mr. Zulfiqar
Characters (cont.) Muslim (cont.): Nawab Bahadur: A leading Moslem landowner of the district; a philanthropist Mohammed Latif: A distant cousin of Hamidullah described as living on �Hamidullah’s bounty and occupy[ing] the position neither of a servant nor of an equal Mrs. Bhattacharya: A Bengali woman Mrs. Moore attempts to visit Nureddin: �Grandson of Nawab Bahadur (99-100); steals grandfather’s car but has an accident in it Syed Mohammed: Assistant engineer Mr. Haz:� A police inspector who arrests Dr. Aziz after excursion to Marabar Caves Rafi:� The engineer�s nephew Mr. Das: Magistrate hearing Aziz�s trial
Characters (cont.) Hindu Professor Narayan Godbole: �A teacher, Minister of Education; capable of mystic visions Dr. Panna Lal: A doctor who does go to the Collector�s party and who dislikes Aziz; assistant to Aziz at hospital Amritrao: �Calcutta lawyer, Oxford trained, hired to defend Dr. Aziz
Characters (cont.) British Ronny Heaslop:� City Magistrate in Chandrapore Mrs. Moore: Mother of Ronnie, who comes for a visit, accompanied by Miss Quested and leaves before Dr. Aziz’s trial; she dies on shipboard leaving Bombay, though the telegram came from Aden; she was buried at sea (249) in the Red Sea (256) Adela Quested: She becomes fiancé of Ronnie after having decided that they were not suited to each other; thinks she has been attacked in a cave at Marabar; withdraws testimony, and leaves in ignominy
Characters (cont.) British (cont.) Major Callendar: Civil Surgeon who works at same hospital with Dr. Aziz Mr. Turton: The Collector (25); he and his wife are described as �little gods� in Chandrapore; invites a group of British and Indians to the club early in the novel Miss Derek: Friend of Miss Quested; visiting with the McBrydes; comes in separate car belonging to Mudkul State to Marabar Caves Stella:� Mrs. Moore’s daughter; she becomes engaged to Fielding by the end of the novel Cyril Fielding: British school teacher (61), described in text as �Principal of the little Government College� (45) stands by Dr. Aziz during his legal troubles, but also befriends Miss Quested Mr. McBryde: District Superintendent of Police (166); prosecutor at Dr. Aziz’s trial
Conflict The story revolves around four characters: Dr. Aziz, his British friend Mr. Cyril Fielding, Mrs. Moore, and Miss Adela Quested. During a trip to the Marabar Caves (modeled on the Barabar Caves of Bihar), Adela accuses Aziz of a crime. Aziz's trial, and its run-up and aftermath, bring out all the racial tensions and prejudices between indigenous Indians and the British colonists who rule India.
Discussion Session + Reading Session
A. Discussion Session on “Colonialism”
B. Important Quotes “Aziz winked at him slowly and said: “...There are many ways of being a man; mine is to express what is deepest in my heart.” “God has put us on earth to love our neighbours and to show it, and He is omnipresent, even in India, to see how we are succeeding.”
“In Europe life retreats out of the cold, and exquisite fireside myths have resulted—Balder, Persephone—but [in India] the retreat is from the source of life, the treacherous sun, and no poetry adorns it because disillusionment cannot be beautiful. Men yearn for poetry though they may not confess it; they desire that joy shall be graceful and sorrow august and infinity have a form, and India fails to accommodate them.” B. Important Quotes
Urdu Word List  Babuism  Tazia  Saddhu  bhang  Ganpati  Hookah  Bulbul  pujah  Wallah  mullah

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A Passage to India by E. M. Forster

  • 1. A Passage to India By: E. M Forster
  • 2. Major Outline:  full title · A Passage to India  author · Edward Morgan Forster  type of work · Novel  genre · Modernist novel; psychological novel  language · English  time and place written · 1912–1924; India, England  date of first publication · 1924  publisher · Edward Arnold  narrator · Forster uses an unnamed third-person narrator  point of view · The third-person narrator is omniscient, attuned both to the physical world and the inner states of the characters  tone · Forster’s tone is often poetic and sometimes ironic or philosophical  tense · Immediate past  setting (time) · 1910s or 1920s  setting (place) · India, specifically the cities of Chandrapore and Mau  protagonist · Dr. Aziz
  • 3. Early life  Born in 1879 in London  Edward Morgan Forster  Father was an architect  Died before Edward was 2  Raised by women - mother and aunts  Used money from great aunt to travel and write later in life
  • 5. College Life Attended King’s College of Cambridge 1897-1901 Member of Apostles  Discussion group  Later became Bloomsbury Group  Virginia Woolf also a member Enjoyed freedom of intellectual discussions and focus on personal relationships
  • 6. After graduation  Traveled with his mother to Italy and Greece  Gave him material to use later  Satire of British tourists  Feared anything “foreign”  Wrote essays and stories for liberal Independent Review Forster with mother
  • 7. Tutoring  1905 - tutored in Germany for a Countess’s son  1906 - tutored Syed Ross Masood  Indian Muslim patriot  Grew fond of him
  • 8. Written works  1905 - Where Angels Fear to Tread  1907 - The Longest Journey  1908 - A Room with a View  1910 - Howard’s End  Clash between business and art  1971 - Maurice  Homosexual theme
  • 9. Personal life  Kept personal life hidden and out of discussion  1930 - involved in a relationship with a London policeman  Also friend with his wife  Maurice published posthumously
  • 10. Travel and work 1912-1913 - traveled to India with Masood 1914-1915 - worked for National Gallery in London WWI - worked for Red Cross in Egypt  Wrote poetry while there 1921 - returned to India  Worked as private secretary to Maharajah of Dewas
  • 11. A Passage to India (1984 directed by David Lean)
  • 12. Death and Reputation  Died in 1970  Known for being critical of Victorian middle class attitudes and British colonialism  Explores class differences and sexuality  Used characters to critique issues
  • 13. Introduction A Passage to India “A Passage to India” (1924) is a novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. It was selected as one of the 100 great works of English literature by the Modern Library and won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. Time magazine included the novel in its "100 Best English- language Novels from 1923 to 2005".[1] The novel is based on Forster's experiences in India. E. M. Forster borrowed the book's title from Walt Whitman's poem “Leaves of Grass”
  • 15. Characters (cont.) Muslim: Dr Aziz: A medical doctor and widower with three children, the main Indian character; his trial for a crime for which he is wrongly accused is the major plot of the novel. Mahmoud Ali: A friend of Dr. Aziz and pleader in his court case; Heaslop says his specialty is making a scene at a trial Hamidullah: A friend of Dr. Aziz, owner of the car; his wife, Hamidullah Begum, is a distant aunt of Aziz; leading lawyer of Chandrapore, Cambridge educated; changes his British title and reverts to plain Mr. Zulfiqar
  • 16. Characters (cont.) Muslim (cont.): Nawab Bahadur: A leading Moslem landowner of the district; a philanthropist Mohammed Latif: A distant cousin of Hamidullah described as living on �Hamidullah’s bounty and occupy[ing] the position neither of a servant nor of an equal Mrs. Bhattacharya: A Bengali woman Mrs. Moore attempts to visit Nureddin: �Grandson of Nawab Bahadur (99-100); steals grandfather’s car but has an accident in it Syed Mohammed: Assistant engineer Mr. Haz:� A police inspector who arrests Dr. Aziz after excursion to Marabar Caves Rafi:� The engineer�s nephew Mr. Das: Magistrate hearing Aziz�s trial
  • 17. Characters (cont.) Hindu Professor Narayan Godbole: �A teacher, Minister of Education; capable of mystic visions Dr. Panna Lal: A doctor who does go to the Collector�s party and who dislikes Aziz; assistant to Aziz at hospital Amritrao: �Calcutta lawyer, Oxford trained, hired to defend Dr. Aziz
  • 18. Characters (cont.) British Ronny Heaslop:� City Magistrate in Chandrapore Mrs. Moore: Mother of Ronnie, who comes for a visit, accompanied by Miss Quested and leaves before Dr. Aziz’s trial; she dies on shipboard leaving Bombay, though the telegram came from Aden; she was buried at sea (249) in the Red Sea (256) Adela Quested: She becomes fiancé of Ronnie after having decided that they were not suited to each other; thinks she has been attacked in a cave at Marabar; withdraws testimony, and leaves in ignominy
  • 19. Characters (cont.) British (cont.) Major Callendar: Civil Surgeon who works at same hospital with Dr. Aziz Mr. Turton: The Collector (25); he and his wife are described as �little gods� in Chandrapore; invites a group of British and Indians to the club early in the novel Miss Derek: Friend of Miss Quested; visiting with the McBrydes; comes in separate car belonging to Mudkul State to Marabar Caves Stella:� Mrs. Moore’s daughter; she becomes engaged to Fielding by the end of the novel Cyril Fielding: British school teacher (61), described in text as �Principal of the little Government College� (45) stands by Dr. Aziz during his legal troubles, but also befriends Miss Quested Mr. McBryde: District Superintendent of Police (166); prosecutor at Dr. Aziz’s trial
  • 20. Conflict The story revolves around four characters: Dr. Aziz, his British friend Mr. Cyril Fielding, Mrs. Moore, and Miss Adela Quested. During a trip to the Marabar Caves (modeled on the Barabar Caves of Bihar), Adela accuses Aziz of a crime. Aziz's trial, and its run-up and aftermath, bring out all the racial tensions and prejudices between indigenous Indians and the British colonists who rule India.
  • 22. A. Discussion Session on “Colonialism”
  • 23. B. Important Quotes “Aziz winked at him slowly and said: “...There are many ways of being a man; mine is to express what is deepest in my heart.” “God has put us on earth to love our neighbours and to show it, and He is omnipresent, even in India, to see how we are succeeding.”
  • 24. “In Europe life retreats out of the cold, and exquisite fireside myths have resulted—Balder, Persephone—but [in India] the retreat is from the source of life, the treacherous sun, and no poetry adorns it because disillusionment cannot be beautiful. Men yearn for poetry though they may not confess it; they desire that joy shall be graceful and sorrow august and infinity have a form, and India fails to accommodate them.” B. Important Quotes
  • 25. Urdu Word List  Babuism  Tazia  Saddhu  bhang  Ganpati  Hookah  Bulbul  pujah  Wallah  mullah