Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

ABSOLUTE-MONARCHS.pdf in Europe history mo

•
•
R
Raymond Mortel

History

1 of 32
History of World Civilization
SPAIN’S EMPIRE AND EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISM History of World Civilization
PHILIP II During a time of religious and economic instability, Philip II rules Spain with a strong hand. In 1556, Philip II begins ruling Spain and its possessions. Defender of Catholicism. Philip defends Catholicism against Muslims, Protestants. Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at Lepanto in 1571. Spanish Armada defeated by British in 1588. History of World Civilization A New Spanish Ruler
History of World Civilization
History of World Civilization EL GRECO AND VELÁZQUEZ El Greco uses unusual style to convey religious themes. Works of Velázquez show Spanish court life.
History of World Civilization DON QUIXOTE In 1605, Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is published. Novel marks birth of modern European novel
History of World Civilization
WHAT HAPPENED? History of World Civilization Inflation and Taxes Making Spain’s Enemies Rich Inflation weakens Spain’s economy. Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle class. The Dutch Revolt Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s enemies rich. Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to weak economy. Protestants in Netherlands win independence from Spain in 1579.
THE INDEPENDENT DUTCH PROSPER History of World Civilization
Netherlands is a republic and practices religious toleration. Decline of feudalism, rise of cities help monarchs gain power. Decline in Church authority also increases power. A DIFFERENT SOCIETY History of World Civilization
Crises Lead to Absolutism. The 17th century is period of great upheaval. Monarchs impose order by increasing their own power. ABSOLUTISM History of World Civilization
LOUIS XIV Known as the Boy King. The most powerful ruler in French history. Hatred of Mazarin—young Louis’s minister—leads to riots. Louis Weakens the Nobles’ Authority. Louis takes control in 1661. Appoints intendants—government agents—to collect taxes. History of World Civilization A New French Ruler
History of World Civilization A Life of Luxury Patronage of the Arts Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast. Builds magnificent palace at Versailles. Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIV. Purpose of the arts is to glorify Louis . Controls the Nobility Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power over them.
In attempt to expand France’s boundaries and to expand France’s high taxes, Louis fights wars in 1660s-1670s. In 1680s, many countries unite against him in the League of Augsburg. France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare. LOUIS FIGHTS DISASTROUS WARS History of World Civilization
WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION War of the Spanish Succession begins in 1701. Attempts to prevent union of the French and Spanish thrones. Ends in 1714; France and Spain lose some possessions. History of World Civilization
Louis dies leaving mixed legacy. Rule makes France a major military and cultural power in Europe. His wars and palace leave France with heavy debts. LOUIS’S DEATH AND LEGACY History of World Civilization
The Thirty Years’ War Result is Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, power. CENTRAL EUROPEAN MONARCHS CLASH From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have many victories. In 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants. Hapsburg Triumphs and Defeats 3. Rising Tension Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe. Bohemian Protestants Revolt In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers. 2. 1. 4.
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA History of World Civilization War ruins German economy, greatly decreases population. Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends war. Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France. Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace. Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent states.
Economy in central Europe still based on serfs, agriculture. Landowning nobles in central Europe block growth of kings’ power. Ottoman and Holy Roman empires are also weak. Austria Grows Stronger. Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands, rule large empire. STATES FORM IN CENTRAL EUROPE
MARIA THERESA Maria Theresa inherits the Austrian throne. Maria Theresa becomes empress of Austria, faces years of war. History of World Civilization
Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s best army. Call themselves kings and become absolute monarchs. Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty. THE RISE OF PRUSSIA History of World Civilization
FREDERICK THE GREAT Frederick the Great becomes king of Prussia. Enforces father’s military policies but softens some of his laws . History of World Civilization
In 1740, Frederick starts war against Austria to gain Silesia. Maria Theresa resists Prussian power but loses Silesia in treaty. As result of war, Prussia becomes a major power in Europe. History of World Civilization WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
Austria allies with France against Britain and Prussia. In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, launching Seven Years’ War. France loses colonies in North America; Britain gains India. History of World Civilization THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
ABSOLUTE RULERS OF RUSSIA History of World Civilization
IVAN THE TERRIBLE In 1533, Ivan the Terrible becomes king of Russia. Struggles for power with boyars —landowning nobles. Seizes power and is crowned czar, meaning “caesar”. Rule by Terror In 1560, Ivan turns against boyars, kills them, seizes lands. History of World Civilization The First Czar
Ivan’s heir is weak, leading to period of turmoil. In 1613, Michael Romanov becomes czar. RISE OF THE ROMANOVS History of World Civilization
PETER THE GREAT Peter the Great becomes czar in 1696, begins to reform Russia. Land of boyars and serfs cut off geographically from Europe. In 1697, Peter visits western Europe to learn European ways. History of World Civilization A New French Ruler
Goal of westernization—using western Europe as model for change. Peter’s Reforms—brings Orthodox Church under state control. Reduces power of great landowners. Modernizes army by having European officers train soldiers. PETER’S GOAL History of World Civilization
WESTERNIZING RUSSIA History of World Civilization Introduces potatoes. Starts Russia’s first newspaper. Raises women’s status. Adopts Western fashion. Advances education.
Peter wants a seaport that will make travel to West easier. Fights Sweden to win port on Baltic Sea. In 1703, begins building new capital called St. Petersburg. Building city takes many years; many serfs die in process. By the time of Peter’s death, Russia is a power to be reckoned with in Europe. ST. PETERSBURG
History of World Civilization THANK YOU

More Related Content

ABSOLUTE-MONARCHS.pdf in Europe history mo

  • 1. History of World Civilization
  • 3. PHILIP II During a time of religious and economic instability, Philip II rules Spain with a strong hand. In 1556, Philip II begins ruling Spain and its possessions. Defender of Catholicism. Philip defends Catholicism against Muslims, Protestants. Spanish fleet helps defeat Ottomans at Lepanto in 1571. Spanish Armada defeated by British in 1588. History of World Civilization A New Spanish Ruler
  • 4. History of World Civilization
  • 5. History of World Civilization EL GRECO AND VELÁZQUEZ El Greco uses unusual style to convey religious themes. Works of Velázquez show Spanish court life.
  • 6. History of World Civilization DON QUIXOTE In 1605, Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes is published. Novel marks birth of modern European novel
  • 7. History of World Civilization
  • 8. WHAT HAPPENED? History of World Civilization Inflation and Taxes Making Spain’s Enemies Rich Inflation weakens Spain’s economy. Taxes on lower class prevents development of middle class. The Dutch Revolt Spaniards buy goods abroad, making Spain’s enemies rich. Philip declares bankruptcy three times due to weak economy. Protestants in Netherlands win independence from Spain in 1579.
  • 10. Netherlands is a republic and practices religious toleration. Decline of feudalism, rise of cities help monarchs gain power. Decline in Church authority also increases power. A DIFFERENT SOCIETY History of World Civilization
  • 11. Crises Lead to Absolutism. The 17th century is period of great upheaval. Monarchs impose order by increasing their own power. ABSOLUTISM History of World Civilization
  • 12. LOUIS XIV Known as the Boy King. The most powerful ruler in French history. Hatred of Mazarin—young Louis’s minister—leads to riots. Louis Weakens the Nobles’ Authority. Louis takes control in 1661. Appoints intendants—government agents—to collect taxes. History of World Civilization A New French Ruler
  • 13. History of World Civilization A Life of Luxury Patronage of the Arts Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast. Builds magnificent palace at Versailles. Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIV. Purpose of the arts is to glorify Louis . Controls the Nobility Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power over them.
  • 14. In attempt to expand France’s boundaries and to expand France’s high taxes, Louis fights wars in 1660s-1670s. In 1680s, many countries unite against him in the League of Augsburg. France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare. LOUIS FIGHTS DISASTROUS WARS History of World Civilization
  • 15. WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION War of the Spanish Succession begins in 1701. Attempts to prevent union of the French and Spanish thrones. Ends in 1714; France and Spain lose some possessions. History of World Civilization
  • 16. Louis dies leaving mixed legacy. Rule makes France a major military and cultural power in Europe. His wars and palace leave France with heavy debts. LOUIS’S DEATH AND LEGACY History of World Civilization
  • 17. The Thirty Years’ War Result is Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, power. CENTRAL EUROPEAN MONARCHS CLASH From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have many victories. In 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants. Hapsburg Triumphs and Defeats 3. Rising Tension Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe. Bohemian Protestants Revolt In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers. 2. 1. 4.
  • 18. PEACE OF WESTPHALIA History of World Civilization War ruins German economy, greatly decreases population. Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends war. Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France. Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace. Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent states.
  • 19. Economy in central Europe still based on serfs, agriculture. Landowning nobles in central Europe block growth of kings’ power. Ottoman and Holy Roman empires are also weak. Austria Grows Stronger. Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands, rule large empire. STATES FORM IN CENTRAL EUROPE
  • 20. MARIA THERESA Maria Theresa inherits the Austrian throne. Maria Theresa becomes empress of Austria, faces years of war. History of World Civilization
  • 21. Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s best army. Call themselves kings and become absolute monarchs. Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty. THE RISE OF PRUSSIA History of World Civilization
  • 22. FREDERICK THE GREAT Frederick the Great becomes king of Prussia. Enforces father’s military policies but softens some of his laws . History of World Civilization
  • 23. In 1740, Frederick starts war against Austria to gain Silesia. Maria Theresa resists Prussian power but loses Silesia in treaty. As result of war, Prussia becomes a major power in Europe. History of World Civilization WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
  • 24. Austria allies with France against Britain and Prussia. In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, launching Seven Years’ War. France loses colonies in North America; Britain gains India. History of World Civilization THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR
  • 26. IVAN THE TERRIBLE In 1533, Ivan the Terrible becomes king of Russia. Struggles for power with boyars —landowning nobles. Seizes power and is crowned czar, meaning “caesar”. Rule by Terror In 1560, Ivan turns against boyars, kills them, seizes lands. History of World Civilization The First Czar
  • 27. Ivan’s heir is weak, leading to period of turmoil. In 1613, Michael Romanov becomes czar. RISE OF THE ROMANOVS History of World Civilization
  • 28. PETER THE GREAT Peter the Great becomes czar in 1696, begins to reform Russia. Land of boyars and serfs cut off geographically from Europe. In 1697, Peter visits western Europe to learn European ways. History of World Civilization A New French Ruler
  • 29. Goal of westernization—using western Europe as model for change. Peter’s Reforms—brings Orthodox Church under state control. Reduces power of great landowners. Modernizes army by having European officers train soldiers. PETER’S GOAL History of World Civilization
  • 30. WESTERNIZING RUSSIA History of World Civilization Introduces potatoes. Starts Russia’s first newspaper. Raises women’s status. Adopts Western fashion. Advances education.
  • 31. Peter wants a seaport that will make travel to West easier. Fights Sweden to win port on Baltic Sea. In 1703, begins building new capital called St. Petersburg. Building city takes many years; many serfs die in process. By the time of Peter’s death, Russia is a power to be reckoned with in Europe. ST. PETERSBURG
  • 32. History of World Civilization THANK YOU