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1. Prof. R. R. Jichkar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 2), May 2014, pp.185-188
www.ijera.com 185 | P a g e
Analysis of Steel Beam with Web Openings Subjected To Buckling
Load
Prof. R. R. Jichkar*, Prof. N. S. Arukia**, Prof. P. D. Pachpor***
*(Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research
RTMNU, Nagpur)
** (Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research
RTMNU, Nagpur)
***(Department of Engineering Mechanics, Ramdeobaba college of Engineering and Research, RTMNU,
Nagpur)
ABSTRACT
As we know that, due to limitations on maximum allowable deflection. The high strength properties of structural
steel cannot always be utilized to best advantage. As a result several new methods have been aimed at increasing
the stiffness of the steel members without any increase in weight of the steel required. Steel beams with web
opening are combine beauty, versatility, economy in steel design. These are mainly designed to reduce weight
and at the same time increase the efficiency in structural performance. The principle advantage of castellation is
the increase in vertical bending stiffness. Beam with web opening have proved to be efficient for moderately
loaded longer span where the Design is controlled by moment capacity or deflection. In this paper a steel beam
is selected and is analyzed for different loading and support condition by using Ansys Software. The deflection
pattern at the Center distance of the beam is studied for different parametric condition by same depth of web
opening to the depth of beam ratio and also for various combinations of shapes of opening.
Keywords: Web Opening, support Condition.
I. Introduction
Steel beam with web opening are combine
beauty versatility, economy in steel design. These are
fabricated from standard rolled section & are
engineered to save time of construction. Many
attempts have been made by Structural Engineers to
find way to decrease the cost of steel structures.[1]
Due to limitation on maximum allowable deflection
the high strength properties of structural steel cannot
always be utilized to best advantages. As a result
several new methods have been aimed at increasing
the stiffness of steel members without any increasing
in weight of the steel required. Beam with web
opening were one of these one solution. The shape of
the web opening will depend upon the designer’s
choice & the purpose of the openings. The scope of
study deals with Aspect ratio, Deformation
characteristics, Load caring capacity and Buckling
load on beam. The introduction of an opening in the
web of the beam alters the stress distribution within
the member and also influences its collapse behavior.
Thus, the efficient design of beams and plate girder
sections with web openings has become one of the
important considerations in modern structures.
Application of beams with web openings
Steel beams with web opening find wide use in light
to medium construction and medium to long spans.
They are used in structures like commercial and
industrial building, warehouse and portal frames.
These are also used in cranes, crane girders,
towers, secondary members and deck stiffeners in
bridges.
These beams are effectively uses as ring
beams in pressure vessels and storage tanks, under-
carriages of railway wagons and as light duty
automobiles chassis frames.
These beams can also be used for platforms
and temporary structures for off shore sores and for
marine oil drilling rig etc.
Figure1.1 Application of beams with web openings
[2]
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Prof. R. R. Jichkar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 2), May 2014, pp.185-188
www.ijera.com 186 | P a g e
II. Methodology
ANSYS Workbench provides an excellent
platform for analysis of various structural systems.
ANSYS Workbench easily modeled steel beam and
steel beam with web opening using the geometry
modeler in ANSYS Workbench. Present study
focuses on the calculation of buckling load on steel
beam by various sizes of beam and providing the web
opening on the beam using ANSYS Workbench
software. Based on the results of ANSYS
Workbench.
2.1 Finite element method (Ansys) – analysis
The finite element method is a numerical
analysis technique for obtaining approximate
solutions to a wide variety of engineering problems.
Although originally developed to study stresses in
complex airframe structures, it has since been
extended and applied to the broad field of continuum
mechanics. Because of its diversity and flexibility as
an analysis tool, it is receiving much attention in
engineering schools and in industry.[3] The
resourcefulness of the analyst usually comes to the
rescue and provides several alternatives to overcome
this dilemma. One possibility is to make simplifying
assumptions to ignore the difficulties and reduce the
problem to one that can be handled. Sometimes this
procedures works; but, more often than not, it leads
to serious inaccuracies or wrong answers. Now that
computers are widely available, a more viable
alternative is to retain the complexities of the
problem and find an approximate numerical solution.
[4]
2.2 Steps Followed while Analysis of Beam with
and without web openings
A finite element model of a simply
supported ISMB 300 of actual span length 5.0 m and
a pressure of 20 Pa acting on the beam is shown in
figure. Material properties are given in table.
Figure2.1 ANSYS model for solid beam and material
properties
Figure 2.2 Meshing ISMB 300
Figure2.3 load acting on the beam and support
condition [5]
Figure 2.4 Total Static Deformations
Figure 2.5 Total Buckling Deformation and load
Multiplier[6]
3. Prof. R. R. Jichkar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 2), May 2014, pp.185-188
www.ijera.com 187 | P a g e
III. Figures and Tables
Steel beam of ISMB 300 of span 5m acting
20N/m2
pressure on it, having circular, hexagonal and
square web opening of restrained, unrestrained and
simply supported condition having d/d ratio 0.5. Fig.
3.1 shows different end conditions of beam. Table
3.1, Table 3.2 and Table 3.3 shows ISMB 300 for
20n/m2
pressure on it having restrained, unrestrained
and simply supported condition for circular, square
and hexagonal opening [7]
Figure 3.1 Different end conditions of beam
Table 3.1 ISMB 300 for 20N/m2
pressure on it having
restrained, unrestrained and simply supported
condition for circular opening.
Table 3.2 ISMB 300 for 20n/m2
pressure on it having
restrained, unrestrained and simply supported
condition for square opening [8]
Table 3.3 ISMB 300 for 20N/m2
pressure on it having
restrained, unrestrained and simply supported
condition for hexagonal
opening.
4. Prof. R. R. Jichkar et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 2), May 2014, pp.185-188
www.ijera.com 188 | P a g e
Figure 3.2 ISMB 300 for 20N/m2
pressure on it
having Restrained, Unrestrained and Simply
Supported Condition for circular, square and
hexagonal opening.
IV. Conclusion
The Buckling load Analysis and deflection
calculation of different section of beams with
different support condition and different loadings
with circular, square and hexagonal web openings is
done and the results obtained are:
If the section of beam increases buckling load
will also be increases and it will be decreases as
the web opening are provided in the section.
Value of buckling load is nearer same for square
and hexagonal web opening of same section of
beam but different for circular web opening of
the same section.
Value of buckling load is nearer same for
Unrestrained and simply supported end condition
but higher in Restrained end condition for same
section of beam.
If number of web opening in the beam is
increases buckling load will be decreases.
If number of web opening in the beam is
increases deflection of beam will also be
increases.
Cellular beam subjected to mid span
concentrated load provide higher moment
carrying capacity than those supporting
uniformly distributed loadA conclusion might
elaborate on the importance of the work or
suggest applications and extensions.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I express my gratitude and sincere
thanks to all those who guided me all throughout
my work and also given me encouragement to
explore new areas of work.
References
[1] N.C. Hagen, P.K.Larsen, A.Aalberg “Shear
capacity of steel plate girders with large web
Openings, Part I: Modeling and simulations
“Journal of Constructional Steel Research”
65 (2009) 142-150
[2] N.C. Hagen, P.K.Larsen (2009), “Shear
capacity of steel plate girders with large web
openings, Part II: Design guidelines
“Journal of Constructional Steel Research”
65, 151-158
[3] T.C.H.Liu and K.F. Chung, 2003. “Steel
Beams with Large Web Opening of Various
Shape and Size: finite element investigation
“Journal of Constructional Steel
Research”59, 1159-1176.
[4] Redwood, R., and Demirdjian, S., (1998).
Castellated Beam Web Buckling in Shear
“Journal of structural Engineering” 124
(10), pp.1202-1207
[5] Kerdal, D. and Nethercot, D.A. (1984)
Failure modes for castellated beams.
“Journal of Constructional Steel Research”
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[6] Zaarour, W. and Redwood, R. (1996) Web
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Journal of Structural Engineering 122:8, pp.
860-866.
[7] R.M. Lawson, J. Lim, S.J.Hecks,
W.I.Simms (Jun 2006), Design of
Composite asymmetrical cellular beams
with large openings, “Journal of
Constructional Steel Research”, Issue
6,614-629
[8] R.A.LaBoube, W.W.Yu, S.U.Deshmukh &
C.A.Uphoff.Criplling Capacity of web
elements with openings, “Journal of
Structural Engineering”/ February
1999/137.