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Africa (120slides)

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Francel Gatchalian
Francel Gatchalian

Africa is the second largest continent, with diverse geography, climate and people. It has experienced a long history including ancient civilizations, colonization by European powers and the growth of new nations. Today, Africa faces challenges such as poverty, corruption, disease and conflict, but also shows signs of economic development and cooperation through organizations like the African Union. Key facts are its location surrounding the equator, the Sahara and other deserts, diverse ethnic groups and languages, and important rivers like the Nile.

1 of 120
Africa The Land of Great Contrast
Namesake: The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra "land of the Afri" for the northern part of the continent. Afri may possibly refer to a tribe that inhabited North Africa.
Africa (120slides)
INSULAR LOCATION North Mediterranean Sea East Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean West Atlantic Ocean South Southern Ocean
Africa is the second largest continent with total land area of 30,300,000 sq. km.
Civilization In Egypt  Africa was home of man's oldest civilization and birthplace of humanity.
Africa (120slides)
Algeria is the largest state in Africa and the tenth-largest country in the world
Seychelles is the smallest recognize state in Africa.
 Madagascar is the largest island in Africa.
 South Sudan is the continent's newest country.
Largest African Countries: (by land area)  Algeria: 2,381,741 sq km  Congo, DRC: 2,344,858 sq km  Sudan: 1,861,484 sq km  Libya: 1,759,540 sq km  Chad: 1,284,000 sq km  Niger: 1,267,000 sq km  Angola: 1,246,700 sq km  Mali: 1,240,192 sq km  South Africa: 1,221.037 sq km  Ethiopia: 1,104,300 sq km
 Geographic Center: The geographic center of Africa is located within Lobeke National Park in far southeastern Cameroon at 2° 37' N 16° 06' E. (see map)
 Horizontal Width: 4,355 miles (7,009 km) from Dakar, Senegal, east to Mogadishu, Somalia (see map)
 Vertical Length: 4,504 miles (7,248 km) from Cape Town, South Africa north to Tripoli, Libya: (see map)
The Sahara and Other Deserts  Africa is centered on Equator and the Continent lies between tropic of cancer and capricorn.
 Southern African region covers by two desert: Kalahari and Namib Desert.
TRIVIA Africa is the only continent lies on Equator and Prime Meridian also Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn.
 North Region is Sahara Desert - the world's largest desert and it is larger than USA.
Arab Family In Egypt  Sahara is the dividing line between African-Arab Nations and Black Nations to the South.
 Sahara is made up of smaller deserts in the east - Libyan, Arabian and Nubian Deserts.
North and Southern Africa (1) Black Africa to the South (2) African-Arab States to the North.
Sahara Or North Africa divide the people into two distinct types: 1. Influenced by Greek and Roman civilization 2. Influenced by Islamic religion.
Africa (120slides)
The Great Rift Valley  A long depression or opening in the Earth runs through the Eastern Highlands.  Great Rift Valley is active tectonic plate.
 1.1 Nile River - The world's longest lake also flows in Great Rift Valley.
 1.2 Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) - Highest peak in Africa.
 1.3 Mt. Kenya - Highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro.
Climate  Climate of Africa ranges from tropical to sub-arctic.  Africa is the hottest continent on Earth.
 60% of Continent are deserts and dry lands.  58°c the highest recorded temperature (1922 in Libya) on Earth.
 Desert or Arid in Northern half of Africa.  Savanna Plain and jungle in Central to South Region.
Rivers and Other Waterforms
 (1) Nile River  (2) Niger River  (3) Congo (Zaire) River  (4) Zambezi River
 (1) Nile River (6,695km) – Longest River in the world. (1.1) Aswan High Dam - irrigates the fertile land in Egypt and Sudan. (1.2) Lake Nasser - artificial lake.
Nile river in Cairo, Egypt
 (2) Niger River - main river in Western Africa.
 (3) Congo (Zaire) River - flows north and west curve to the Atlantic Ocean.
Victoria Falls in the end of Zambezi River  (4) Zambezi River - flows from Zambia to Indian Ocean.
Savanna and Wildlife  Savannas are between desert region and rainforest.
 Savannas are home of wild beasts, giraffes, zebras, lions, rhino and etc.
 Africa has over 3,000 protected areas which includes: ¤ 198 marine protected areas ¤ 50 biosphere reserves ¤ 80 wetland reserves
TRIVIA Africa has the largest number of megafauna species or giant animals.
Languages in Africa
Major Languages Arabic Swahili Hausa Khoi-san English French Afrikaans
 Arabic - is the chief tongue in Northern Africa.
 Swahili (Bantu Languages) - used by Eastern Africans.
 Hausa - language spoken in west.
 Khoi-San - unusual language of Bushmen and Hottentots which is characterized by clicking sounds.
 English and French - are the official languages of former European colonies.
 Afrikaans - a Germanic language developed by Dutch settlers in 1600's.
Population and People
Africa is the second most populous continent with 1,032,532 (2011).
2006 Distribution Of Population . * City with at least 1million people.  Population Density of 30.51 Sq. Km in 2011
 Nigeria is the largest human concentration in Africa.
Largest African Countries By Populations: (2012 UN estimates)  Nigeria: 166,629,000  Ethiopia: 86,539,000  Egypt: 83,958,000  Congo, DRC: 69,575,000  South Africa: 50,738,000  Tanzania: 47,656,000  Sudan: 45,722,000  Kenya: 42,749,000
 Algeria: 36,486,000  Uganda: 35,621,000  Morocco: 32,599,000  Ghana: 25,546,000  Mozambique: 24,475,000  Cote d'Ivoire: 20,595,000  Cameroon: 20,469,000  Angola: 20,163,000
Major Tribes and Settlers in Africa
Negroes Bushmen Hottentots Nilokos Dinkas Pygmies Caucasian Or North African Berbers Bedouins
 Negroes
1. Bushmen - tribe hunters in Kalahari Desert.
 Hottentots - nomadic herdic people of southwest.
 Nilokos
o NBA Player Manute Bol Is Dinka Ethnic.  Dinkas - live in Nile River Basin, they are dark-skinned and tall.
 Pygmies - grow taller than 4.5 ft., hunters in tropical rainforest.
 Caucasian Or North African
 Berbers - dwell north of the Sahara.
 Bedouins - nomadic tribe, they live in tents and roam the vast desert.
 Religion
Major Religion in Africa  45% are Christians  40% are Muslims  15% are traditional African religions
The Holy Trinity Cathedral, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
 The Great Mosque of Kairouan, founded in 670, is the oldest mosque in North Africa, it is located in Kairouan, Tunisia
 Voodoo Altar in Benin shows one of the beliefs in African religion.
Slavery in Africa
 Slavery had long been practiced in Africa. Between the 7th and 20th centuries, Arab and Europeans slave trade took 18 million slaves from Africa.
Routes of Slaver Trade in Africa (15th to 19th) Century in Atlantic
A point of no return in Ouidah, Benin, a former gateway for slaves to slave ships.
Colonization in Africa
Africa (120slides)
 In the 19th century, European nations began to compete for control of Africa. To avoid wars over territory, European and U.S. leaders met and discussed how to divide Africa. No Africans were consulted. Over the next 20 years, many countries established colonies in Africa. By 1912, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent. This colonization often tensions and led to violence among African ethnic groups.
Ethiopia and Liberia, the only country not colonized by Europeans.
List of Countries who colonize Africa  Belgium  Germany  Spain  France  United Kingdom  Italy  Portugal
The African Union
The African Union (AU) is a 54 member federation consisting of all of Africa's states except Morocco.
Pan-African Parliament is the legislative body of the African Union  The union was relocated to Midrand, in South Africa from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
 African Union offer hope for greater co-operation and peace between the continent's many countries.
Economy
 Although it has abundant natural resources, Africa remains the world's poorest and most underdeveloped continent, the result of a variety of causes that may include the spread of deadly diseases (notably HIV/AIDS and malaria), corrupt governments that have often committed serious human rights violations, failed central planning, high levels of illiteracy, lack of access to foreign capital, and frequent tribal and military conflict.
 According to the United Nations' Human Development Report in 2003, the bottom 25 ranked nations (151st to 175th) were all African.
 Satellite image of city lights in Africa showing the lack of modern development on the continent (October 2000).
 The new figures confirm that sub- Saharan Africa has been the least successful region of the world in reducing poverty ($1.25 per day). The average poor person in sub- Saharan Africa is estimated to live on only 70 cents per day.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has 70% of the world's coltan. The DRC also has more than 30% of the world's diamond reserves.
 Guinea is the world's largest exporter of bauxite.
 People's Republic of China has built increasingly stronger ties with African nations. In 2007, Chinese companies invested a total of US$1 billion in Africa.
CFA Franc: The Official Currency used in 14 Countries of Africa
 CFA Francs are used in 14 countries: 12 formerly French-ruled African countries, as well as in Guinea- Bissau (a former Portuguese colony) and in Equatorial Guinea (a former Spanish colony).
 The CFA franc is the name of two currencies used in Africa which are guaranteed by the French treasury. Green - Central African CFA Franc Red - Western African CFA Franc
Western African CFA Franc  Benin  Burkina Faso  Ivory Coast  Guinea-Bissau  Mali  Niger  Senegal  Togo
Central African CFA Franc  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Chad  Republic of the Congo  Equatorial Guinea  Gabon
Regions in Africa
Africa (120slides)
Northern Africa  Algeria  Egypt  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya  Morroco  South Sudan  Sudan  Tunisia  Western Sahara
Eastern Africa Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Reunion, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Middle Africa  Angola  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Chad  Congo  Congo Republic  Equatorial Guinea  Gabon  Sao Tome and Principe
Western Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.
Southern Africa  Botswana  Lesotho  Namibia  South Africa  Swaziland
Must See Features of Africa
 The Pyramid Of Khufu in Egypt
TRIVIA  118 pyramids were constructed by 20,000 to 30,000 Egyptian workers, in the service of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.
The Pink Lake  Lake Retba or Lac Rose It is so named for its pink waters, caused by Dunaliella salina algae in the water that produce a red pigment that uses sunlight to create more energy, turning the waters pink.
 Great Zimbabwe is a ruined city in the rugged Zimbabwe. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the country’s Late Iron Age.
 Seven Coloure Earths at Chamarel in Mauritius
 The rock-hewn Church of Saint George in Lalibela, Ethiopia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 Capetown in South Africa, first discovered by Bartholemew Diaz of Spain.
 Ngorongoro Conservation Area - is a conservatio area and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located 180 km (110 mi) west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzana.
Problems in Africa Today
Africa (120slides)
“During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” ~Nelson Mandela
That Is AFRiCA ~The End~
Referrences  World Geography  Wikipedia.org  Encyclopedia Britannica  Google and Wikipedia Images
Prepared By: Francisco L. Gatchalian III 101Su-Soc14

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Africa (120slides)

  • 1. Africa The Land of Great Contrast
  • 2. Namesake: The name Africa came into Western use through the Romans, who used the name Africa terra "land of the Afri" for the northern part of the continent. Afri may possibly refer to a tribe that inhabited North Africa.
  • 4. INSULAR LOCATION North Mediterranean Sea East Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean West Atlantic Ocean South Southern Ocean
  • 5. Africa is the second largest continent with total land area of 30,300,000 sq. km.
  • 6. Civilization In Egypt  Africa was home of man's oldest civilization and birthplace of humanity.
  • 8. Algeria is the largest state in Africa and the tenth-largest country in the world
  • 9. Seychelles is the smallest recognize state in Africa.
  • 10.  Madagascar is the largest island in Africa.
  • 11.  South Sudan is the continent's newest country.
  • 12. Largest African Countries: (by land area)  Algeria: 2,381,741 sq km  Congo, DRC: 2,344,858 sq km  Sudan: 1,861,484 sq km  Libya: 1,759,540 sq km  Chad: 1,284,000 sq km  Niger: 1,267,000 sq km  Angola: 1,246,700 sq km  Mali: 1,240,192 sq km  South Africa: 1,221.037 sq km  Ethiopia: 1,104,300 sq km
  • 13.  Geographic Center: The geographic center of Africa is located within Lobeke National Park in far southeastern Cameroon at 2° 37' N 16° 06' E. (see map)
  • 14.  Horizontal Width: 4,355 miles (7,009 km) from Dakar, Senegal, east to Mogadishu, Somalia (see map)
  • 15.  Vertical Length: 4,504 miles (7,248 km) from Cape Town, South Africa north to Tripoli, Libya: (see map)
  • 16. The Sahara and Other Deserts  Africa is centered on Equator and the Continent lies between tropic of cancer and capricorn.
  • 17.  Southern African region covers by two desert: Kalahari and Namib Desert.
  • 18. TRIVIA Africa is the only continent lies on Equator and Prime Meridian also Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn.
  • 19.  North Region is Sahara Desert - the world's largest desert and it is larger than USA.
  • 20. Arab Family In Egypt  Sahara is the dividing line between African-Arab Nations and Black Nations to the South.
  • 21.  Sahara is made up of smaller deserts in the east - Libyan, Arabian and Nubian Deserts.
  • 22. North and Southern Africa (1) Black Africa to the South (2) African-Arab States to the North.
  • 23. Sahara Or North Africa divide the people into two distinct types: 1. Influenced by Greek and Roman civilization 2. Influenced by Islamic religion.
  • 25. The Great Rift Valley  A long depression or opening in the Earth runs through the Eastern Highlands.  Great Rift Valley is active tectonic plate.
  • 26.  1.1 Nile River - The world's longest lake also flows in Great Rift Valley.
  • 27.  1.2 Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) - Highest peak in Africa.
  • 28.  1.3 Mt. Kenya - Highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro.
  • 29. Climate  Climate of Africa ranges from tropical to sub-arctic.  Africa is the hottest continent on Earth.
  • 30.  60% of Continent are deserts and dry lands.  58°c the highest recorded temperature (1922 in Libya) on Earth.
  • 31.  Desert or Arid in Northern half of Africa.  Savanna Plain and jungle in Central to South Region.
  • 32. Rivers and Other Waterforms
  • 33.  (1) Nile River  (2) Niger River  (3) Congo (Zaire) River  (4) Zambezi River
  • 34.  (1) Nile River (6,695km) – Longest River in the world. (1.1) Aswan High Dam - irrigates the fertile land in Egypt and Sudan. (1.2) Lake Nasser - artificial lake.
  • 35. Nile river in Cairo, Egypt
  • 36.  (2) Niger River - main river in Western Africa.
  • 37.  (3) Congo (Zaire) River - flows north and west curve to the Atlantic Ocean.
  • 38. Victoria Falls in the end of Zambezi River  (4) Zambezi River - flows from Zambia to Indian Ocean.
  • 39. Savanna and Wildlife  Savannas are between desert region and rainforest.
  • 40.  Savannas are home of wild beasts, giraffes, zebras, lions, rhino and etc.
  • 41.  Africa has over 3,000 protected areas which includes: ¤ 198 marine protected areas ¤ 50 biosphere reserves ¤ 80 wetland reserves
  • 42. TRIVIA Africa has the largest number of megafauna species or giant animals.
  • 44. Major Languages Arabic Swahili Hausa Khoi-san English French Afrikaans
  • 45.  Arabic - is the chief tongue in Northern Africa.
  • 46.  Swahili (Bantu Languages) - used by Eastern Africans.
  • 47.  Hausa - language spoken in west.
  • 48.  Khoi-San - unusual language of Bushmen and Hottentots which is characterized by clicking sounds.
  • 49.  English and French - are the official languages of former European colonies.
  • 50.  Afrikaans - a Germanic language developed by Dutch settlers in 1600's.
  • 52. Africa is the second most populous continent with 1,032,532 (2011).
  • 53. 2006 Distribution Of Population . * City with at least 1million people.  Population Density of 30.51 Sq. Km in 2011
  • 54.  Nigeria is the largest human concentration in Africa.
  • 55. Largest African Countries By Populations: (2012 UN estimates)  Nigeria: 166,629,000  Ethiopia: 86,539,000  Egypt: 83,958,000  Congo, DRC: 69,575,000  South Africa: 50,738,000  Tanzania: 47,656,000  Sudan: 45,722,000  Kenya: 42,749,000
  • 56.  Algeria: 36,486,000  Uganda: 35,621,000  Morocco: 32,599,000  Ghana: 25,546,000  Mozambique: 24,475,000  Cote d'Ivoire: 20,595,000  Cameroon: 20,469,000  Angola: 20,163,000
  • 57. Major Tribes and Settlers in Africa
  • 58. Negroes Bushmen Hottentots Nilokos Dinkas Pygmies Caucasian Or North African Berbers Bedouins
  • 60. 1. Bushmen - tribe hunters in Kalahari Desert.
  • 61.  Hottentots - nomadic herdic people of southwest.
  • 63. o NBA Player Manute Bol Is Dinka Ethnic.  Dinkas - live in Nile River Basin, they are dark-skinned and tall.
  • 64.  Pygmies - grow taller than 4.5 ft., hunters in tropical rainforest.
  • 65.  Caucasian Or North African
  • 66.  Berbers - dwell north of the Sahara.
  • 67.  Bedouins - nomadic tribe, they live in tents and roam the vast desert.
  • 69. Major Religion in Africa  45% are Christians  40% are Muslims  15% are traditional African religions
  • 70. The Holy Trinity Cathedral, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  • 71.  The Great Mosque of Kairouan, founded in 670, is the oldest mosque in North Africa, it is located in Kairouan, Tunisia
  • 72.  Voodoo Altar in Benin shows one of the beliefs in African religion.
  • 74.  Slavery had long been practiced in Africa. Between the 7th and 20th centuries, Arab and Europeans slave trade took 18 million slaves from Africa.
  • 75. Routes of Slaver Trade in Africa (15th to 19th) Century in Atlantic
  • 76. A point of no return in Ouidah, Benin, a former gateway for slaves to slave ships.
  • 79.  In the 19th century, European nations began to compete for control of Africa. To avoid wars over territory, European and U.S. leaders met and discussed how to divide Africa. No Africans were consulted. Over the next 20 years, many countries established colonies in Africa. By 1912, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent. This colonization often tensions and led to violence among African ethnic groups.
  • 80. Ethiopia and Liberia, the only country not colonized by Europeans.
  • 81. List of Countries who colonize Africa  Belgium  Germany  Spain  France  United Kingdom  Italy  Portugal
  • 83. The African Union (AU) is a 54 member federation consisting of all of Africa's states except Morocco.
  • 84. Pan-African Parliament is the legislative body of the African Union  The union was relocated to Midrand, in South Africa from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • 85.  African Union offer hope for greater co-operation and peace between the continent's many countries.
  • 87.  Although it has abundant natural resources, Africa remains the world's poorest and most underdeveloped continent, the result of a variety of causes that may include the spread of deadly diseases (notably HIV/AIDS and malaria), corrupt governments that have often committed serious human rights violations, failed central planning, high levels of illiteracy, lack of access to foreign capital, and frequent tribal and military conflict.
  • 88.  According to the United Nations' Human Development Report in 2003, the bottom 25 ranked nations (151st to 175th) were all African.
  • 89.  Satellite image of city lights in Africa showing the lack of modern development on the continent (October 2000).
  • 90.  The new figures confirm that sub- Saharan Africa has been the least successful region of the world in reducing poverty ($1.25 per day). The average poor person in sub- Saharan Africa is estimated to live on only 70 cents per day.
  • 91.  Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has 70% of the world's coltan. The DRC also has more than 30% of the world's diamond reserves.
  • 92.  Guinea is the world's largest exporter of bauxite.
  • 93.  People's Republic of China has built increasingly stronger ties with African nations. In 2007, Chinese companies invested a total of US$1 billion in Africa.
  • 94. CFA Franc: The Official Currency used in 14 Countries of Africa
  • 95.  CFA Francs are used in 14 countries: 12 formerly French-ruled African countries, as well as in Guinea- Bissau (a former Portuguese colony) and in Equatorial Guinea (a former Spanish colony).
  • 96.  The CFA franc is the name of two currencies used in Africa which are guaranteed by the French treasury. Green - Central African CFA Franc Red - Western African CFA Franc
  • 97. Western African CFA Franc  Benin  Burkina Faso  Ivory Coast  Guinea-Bissau  Mali  Niger  Senegal  Togo
  • 98. Central African CFA Franc  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Chad  Republic of the Congo  Equatorial Guinea  Gabon
  • 101. Northern Africa  Algeria  Egypt  Libyan Arab Jamahiriya  Morroco  South Sudan  Sudan  Tunisia  Western Sahara
  • 102. Eastern Africa Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Reunion, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
  • 103. Middle Africa  Angola  Cameroon  Central African Republic  Chad  Congo  Congo Republic  Equatorial Guinea  Gabon  Sao Tome and Principe
  • 104. Western Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.
  • 105. Southern Africa  Botswana  Lesotho  Namibia  South Africa  Swaziland
  • 106. Must See Features of Africa
  • 107.  The Pyramid Of Khufu in Egypt
  • 108. TRIVIA  118 pyramids were constructed by 20,000 to 30,000 Egyptian workers, in the service of the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.
  • 109. The Pink Lake  Lake Retba or Lac Rose It is so named for its pink waters, caused by Dunaliella salina algae in the water that produce a red pigment that uses sunlight to create more energy, turning the waters pink.
  • 110.  Great Zimbabwe is a ruined city in the rugged Zimbabwe. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe during the country’s Late Iron Age.
  • 111.  Seven Coloure Earths at Chamarel in Mauritius
  • 112.  The rock-hewn Church of Saint George in Lalibela, Ethiopia is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • 113.  Capetown in South Africa, first discovered by Bartholemew Diaz of Spain.
  • 114.  Ngorongoro Conservation Area - is a conservatio area and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located 180 km (110 mi) west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzana.
  • 117. “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people. I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” ~Nelson Mandela
  • 118. That Is AFRiCA ~The End~
  • 119. Referrences  World Geography  Wikipedia.org  Encyclopedia Britannica  Google and Wikipedia Images
  • 120. Prepared By: Francisco L. Gatchalian III 101Su-Soc14