Amazing quran

THE AMAZING Quran
Dr. Gary Miller

Calling the Quran amazing is not something done only by Muslims, who have an
appreciation for the book and who are pleased with it; it has been labeled
amazing by non-Muslims as well. In fact, even people who hate Islam very much
have still called it amazing.

Introduction
Merchant Marine
The Smallest Thing
Honey
Prophet Muhammad (s) and the Quran
Scientific Approach to the Quran
Falsification Test
Ask Those Who Have Knowledge
Embryology
Skeptic's Reaction
Geology
You Did Not Know This Before!
Proof of Authenticity
An Aproach
Exhausting the Alternatives
The Critic's Trail
A Revelation - Abu Lahab
The Flight
An Encounter with a Minister
The Source of the Quran
Mythomania
New Catholic Encyclopedia
Testimony of an Intellectual
Burden of Proof on the Critic
Origin of the Universe and Life
More on Falsification Test
People of the Book
A Mathematical Approach
The Female Bee
The Sun
Time Zones
Conclusions
Addendum 1
Addendum 2: 'Iram

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Introduction

One thing which surprises non-Muslims who are examining the book very closely is that the
Quran does not appear to them to be what they expected. What they assume is that they
have an old book which came fourteen centuries ago from the Arabian desert; and they
expect that the book should look something like that - an old book from the desert. And then
they find out that it does not resemble what they expected at all. Additionally, one of the first
things that some people assume is that because it is an old book which comes from the desert,
it should talk about the desert. Well the Quran does talk about the desert - some of its imagery
describes the desert; but it also talks about the sea - what it's like to be in a storm on the sea.

Back to Section Index

Merchant Marine

Some years ago, the story came to us in Toronto about a man who was in the merchant
marine and made his living on the sea. A Muslim gave him a translation of the Quran to read.
The merchant marine knew nothing about the history of Islam but was interested in reading
the Quran. When he finished reading it, he brought it back to the Muslim and asked, "This
Muhammad, was he a sailor?" He was impressed at how accurately the Quran describes a
storm on a sea. When he was told, "No as a matter of fact, Muhammad lived in the desert,"
that was enough for him. He embraced Islam on the spot.

He was so impressed with the Quran's description because he had been in a storm on the sea,
and he knew that whoever had written that description had also been in a storm on the sea.
The description of "a wave, over it a wave, over it clouds" (Surah Nur, 24:40) was not what
someone imagining a storm on a sea to be like would have written; rather, it was written by
someone who knew what a storm on the sea was like. This is one example of how the Quran is
not tied to certain place and time. Certainly, the scientific ideas expressed in it also do not
seem to originate from the desert fourteen centuries ago.


The Smallest Thing

Many centuries before the onset of Muhammad's prophethood, there was a well-known
theory of atomism advanced by the Greek philosopher, Democritus. He and the people who
came after him assumed that matter consists of tiny, indestructible, indivisible particles called
atoms. The Arabs too, used to deal in the same concept; in fact, the Arabic word dharrah
commonly referred to the smallest particle known to man. Now, modern science has

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discovered that this smallest unit of matter (i.e., the atom, which has all of the same properties
as its element) can be split into its component parts. This is a new idea, a development of the
last century; yet; interestingly enough, this information had already been documented in the
Quran (Surah Saba', 34:3) which states:

"He [i.e., Allah] is aware of an atom's weight in the heavens and on the earth and
even anything smaller than that..."

Undoubtedly, fourteen centuries ago that statement would have looked unusual, even to an
Arab. For him, the dharrah was the smallest thing there was. Indeed, this is proof, that the
Quran is not outdated.


Honey

Another example of what one might expect to find in an "old book" that touches upon the
subject of health or medicine is outdated remedies or cures. Various historical sources state
that the Prophet (s) gave some advice about health and hygiene, yet most of these pieces of
advice are not contained in the Quran. At first glance, to the non-Muslims this appears to be a
negligent omission. They cannot understand why Allah would not "include" such helpful
information in the Quran. Some Muslims attempt to explain this absence with the following
argument: "Although the Prophet's advice was sound and applicable to the time in which he
lived, Allah, in His infinite wisdom, knew that there would come later medical and scientific
advances which would make the Prophet's advice appear outdated. When later discoveries
occurred, people might say that such information contradicted that which the Prophet (s) had
given. Thus, since Allah would never allow any opportunity for the non-Muslims to claim that
the Quran contradicts itself or the teachings of the Prophet (s), He only included in the Quran
information and examples which could stand the test of time." However, when one examines
the true realities of the Quran in terms of its existence as a divine revelation, the entire matter is
quickly brought into its proper perspective, and the error in such argumentation becomes
clear and understandable.

It must be understood that the Quran is a divine revelation, and as such, all information in it is of
divine origin. Allah revealed the Quran from Himself. It is the words of Allah, which existed
before creation, and thus nothing can be added, subtracted or altered. In essence, the Quran
existed and was complete before the creation of Prophet Muhammad (s), so it could not
possibly contain any of the Prophet's own words or advice. An inclusion of such information
would clearly contradict the purpose for which the Quran exists, compromise its authority and
render it inauthentic as a divine revelation.

Consequently, there was no "home remedies" in the Quran which one could claim to be
outdated; nor does it contain any man's view about what is beneficial to health, what food is
b tt t h t ill thi th t di f t th Q l ti it
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best to eat, or what will cure this or that disease. In fact, the Quran only mentions one item
dealing with medical treatment, and it is not in dispute by anyone. It states that in honey there
is healing. And certainly, I do not think that there is anyone who will argue with that!


Prophet Muhammad (s) and the Quran

If one assumes that the Quran is the product of a man's mind, then one would expect it to
reflect some of what was going on in the mind of the man who "composed" it. In fact, certain
encyclopedias and various books claim that the Quran was the product of hallucinations that
Muhammad underwent. If these claims are true - if it indeed originated from some
psychological problems in Muhammad's mind - then evidence of this would be apparent in
the Quran. Is there such evidence? In order to determine whether or not there is, one must first
identify what things would have been going on in his mind at that time and then search for
these thoughts and reflections in the Quran.

It is common knowledge that Muhammad (s) had a very difficult life. All of his daughters died
before him except one, and he had a wife of several years who was very dear and important
to him, who not only proceeded him in death but died at a very critical period of his life. As a
matter of fact, she must have been quite a woman because when the first revelation came to
him, he ran home to her, afraid. Certainly, even today one would have a hard time trying to
find an Arab who would tell you, "I was so afraid that I ran home to my wife." They just aren't
that way. Yet Muhammad (s) felt comfortable enough with his wife to be able to do that.
That's how influential and strong woman she was. Although these examples are only a few of
the subjects that would have been on Muhammad's mind, they are sufficient in intensity to
prove my point.

The Quran does not mention any of these things - not the death of his children, not the death
of his beloved companion and wife, not his fear of the initial revelations, which he so beautifully
shared with his wife - nothing; yet these topics must have hurt him, bothered him, and caused
him pain and grief during periods of his life. Indeed, if the Quran was a product of his
psychological reflections, then these subjects, as well as others, would be prevalent or at least
mentioned throughout.


Scientific Approach to the Quran

A truly scientific approach to the Quran is possible because the Quran offers something that is
not offered by other religious scriptures, in particular, and other religions, in general. It is what
scientists demand. Today there are many people who have ideas and theories about how the
universe works. These people are all over the place, but the scientific community does not
even bother to listen to them This is because within the last century the scientific community
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even bother to listen to them. This is because within the last century the scientific community
has demanded a test of falsification. They say, "If you have theory, do not bother us with it
unless you bring with that theory a way for us to prove whether you are wrong or not."

Such a test was exactly why the scientific community listened to Einstein towards the beginning
of the century. He came with a new theory and said, "I believe the universe works like this; and
here are three ways to prove whether I am wrong!" So the scientific community subjected his
theory to the tests, and within six years it passed all three. Of course, this does not prove that he
was great, but it proves that he deserved to be listened to because he said, "This is my idea;
and if you want to try to prove me wrong, do this or try that."

This is exactly what the Quran has - falsification tests. Some are old (in that they have already
been proven true), and some still exist today. Basically it states, "If this book is not what it claims
to be, then all you have to do is this or this or this to prove that it is false." Of course, in 1400 years
no one has been able to do "This or this or this," and thus it is still considered true and authentic.


Falsification Test

I suggest to you that the next time you get into dispute with someone about Islam and he
claims that he has the truth and that you are in darkness, you leave all other arguments at first
and make this suggestion. Ask him, "Is there any falsification test in your religion? Is there
anything in your religion that would prove you are wrong if I could prove to you that it exists -
anything?" Well, I can promise right now that people will not have anything - no test, no proof,
nothing! This is because they do not carry around the idea that they should not only present
what they believe but should also offer others a chance to prove they're wrong. However,
Islam does that.

A perfect example of how Islam provides man with a chance to verify it authenticity and
"prove it wrong" occurs in the 4th chapter. And quiet honestly, I was very surprised when I first
discovered this challenge. It states (Surah An-Nisa, 4:82):

"Do they not consider the Quran? Had it been from any other than Allah, they
would surely have found therein much discrepancy."

This is a clear challenge to the non-Muslim. Basically, it invites him to find a mistake. As a matter
of fact, the seriousness and difficulty of the challenge aside, the actual presentation of such a
challenge in the first place is not even in human nature and is inconsistent with man's
personality. One doesn't take an exam in school and after finishing the exam, write a note to
the instructor at the end saying, "This exam is perfect. There are no mistakes in it. Find one if you
can!" One just doesn't do that. The teacher would not sleep until he found a mistake! And yet
this is the way the Quran approaches people.

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Ask Those Who Have Knowledge

Another interesting attitude that exists in the Quran repeatedly deals with its advice to the
reader. The Quran informs the reader about different facts and then gives the advice: "If you
want to know more about this or that, or if you doubt what is said, then you should ask those
who have knowledge." This too is a surprising attitude. It is not usual to have a book that comes
from someone without training in geography, botany, biology, etc., who discusses these
subjects and then advises the reader to ask men of knowledge if he doubts anything. Yet in
every age there have been Muslims who have followed the advice of the Quran and made
surprising discoveries. If one looks to the works of Muslim scientists of many centuries ago, one
will find them full of quotations from the Quran. These works state that they did research in such
a place, looking for something. And they affirm that the reason they looked in such and such a
place was that the Quran pointed them in that direction.

For example, the Quran mentions man's origin and then tells the reader, "Research it!" It gives
the reader a hint where to look and then states that one should find out more about it. This is
the kind of thing that Muslims today largely seem to overlook - but not always, as illustrated in
the following example.


Embryology

A few years ago, a group of men in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia collected all of the verses in the
Quran which discuss embryology - the growth of the human being in the womb. They said,
"Here is what the Quran says. Is it the truth?" In essence, they took the advice of the Quran: "Ask
the men who know." They chose, as it happened, a non-Muslim who is a professor of
embryology at the University of Toronto. His name is Keith Moore, and he is the author of
textbooks on embryology - a world expert on the subject. They invited him to Riyadh and said,
"This is what the Quran says about your subject. Is it true? What can you tell us?"

While he was in Riyadh, they gave him all the help that he needed in translation and all of the
cooperation for which he asked. And he was so surprised at what he found that he changed
his textbooks. In fact, in the second edition of one of his books, called Before We Are Born... in
the section about the history of embryology, he included some material that was not in the first
edition because of what he found in the Quran was ahead of its time and that those who
believe in the Quran know what other people do not know.

I had the pleasure of interviewing Dr. Keith Moore for a television presentation, and we talked a
great deal about this - it was illustrated by slides and so on. He mentioned that some of the
things that the Quran states about the growth of the human being were not known until thirty
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things that the Quran states about the growth of the human being were not known until thirty
years ago. In fact, he said that one item in particular - the Quran's description of the human
being as a "leech-like clot" ('alaqah) at one stage (Surahs al-Hajj 22:5; al-Mu'minun 23:14; and
Ghafir 40:67) - was new to him; but when he checked on it, he found that it was true, and so he
added it to his book. He said, "I never thought of that before," and he went to the zoology
department and asked for a picture of a leech. When he found that it looked just like the
human embryo, he decided to include both pictures in one of his textbooks.

Although the aforementioned example of man researching information contained in the
Quran deals with a non-Muslim, it is still valid because he is one of those who is knowledgeable
in the subject being researched. Had some layman claimed that what the Quran says about
embryology is true, then one would not necessarily have to accept his word. However,
because of the high position, respect, and esteem man gives scholars, one naturally assumes
that if they research a subject and arrive at a conclusion based on that research, then the
conclusion is valid.


Skeptic's Reaction

Dr. Moore also wrote a book on clinical embryology, and when he presented this information
in Toronto, it caused quite a stir throughout Canada. It was on the front pages of some of the
newspapers across Canada, and some of the headlines were quite funny. For instance, one
headline read: "SURPRISING THING FOUND IN ANCIENT PRAYER BOOK!" It seems obvious from
this example that people do not clearly understand what it is all about. As a matter of fact, one
newspaper reporter asked Professor Moore, "Don't you think that maybe the Arabs might have
known about these things - the description of the embryo, its appearance and how it changes
and grows? Maybe they were not scientists, maybe they did some crude dissections on their
own - carved up people and examined these things." The professor immediately pointed out
to him that he [i.e., the reporter] had missed a very important point - all of the slides of the
embryo that had been shown and that had been projected in the film had come from
pictures taken through a microscope. He said, "It does not matter if someone had tried to
discover embryology fourteen centuries ago. They could not have seen it!"

All of the descriptions in the Quran of the appearance of the embryo are of the item when it is
still too small to see with the eye; therefore, one needs a microscope to see it. Since such a
device had only been around for little more than two hundred years, Dr. Moore taunted,
"Maybe fourteen centuries ago someone secretly had a microscope and did this research,
making no mistakes anywhere. Then he somehow taught Muhammad (s) and convinced him
to put this information in his book. Then he destroyed his equipment and kept it a secret
forever. Do you believe that? You really should not unless you bring some proof because it is
such a ridiculous theory." In fact, when he was asked, "How do you explain this information in
the Quran?" Dr. Moore's reply was, "It could only have been divinely revealed!"


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Geology

One of Professor Moore's colleagues, Marshall Johnson, deals extensively with geology at the
University of Toronto. He became very interested in the fact that the Quran's statements about
embryology are accurate, and so he asked Muslims to collect everything contained in the
Quran which deals with his speciality. Again people were very surprised at the findings. Since
there are a vast number subjects discussed in the Quran, it would certainly require a large
amount of time to exhaust each subject. It suffices for the purpose of this discussion to state
that the Quran makes very clear and concise statements about various subjects while
simultaneously advising the reader to verify the authenticity of these statements with research
by scholars in those subjects. And as illustrated by the previous examples of embryology and
geology, the Quran has clearly emerged authentic. [Quran and Scientific Knowledge]


You Did Not Know This Before!

Undoubtedly, there is an attitude in the Quran which is not found anywhere else. It is interesting
how when the Quran provides information, it often tells the reader, "You did not know this
before." Indeed, there is no scripture that exists which makes that claim. All of the other ancient
writings and scriptures that people have do give a lot of information, but they always state
where the information came from.

For example, when the Bible discusses ancient history, it states that this king lived here, this one
fought in a certain battle, another one had so may sons, etc. Yet it always stipulates that if you
want more information, then you should read the book of so and so because that is where the
information came from. In contrast to this concept, the Quran provides the reader with
information and states that this information is something new. Of course, there always exists the
advice to research the information provided and verify its authenticity. It is interesting that such
a concept was never challenged by non-Muslims fourteen centuries ago. Indeed, the
Makkans who hated the Muslims, and time and time again they heard such revelations
claiming to bring new information; yet, they never spoke up and said, "This is not new. We know
where Muhammad got this information. We learned this at school." They could never
challenge its authenticity because it really was new!

In concurrence with the advice given in the Quran to research information (even if it is new),
when 'Umar was caliph, he chose a group of men and sent them to find the wall of Dhul-
Qarnayn. Before the Quranic revelation, the Arabs had never heard of such a wall, but
because the Quran described it, they were able to discover it. As a matter of fact, it is now
located in what is called Durbend in the Soviet Union.

[Note: The city of Derbend (Durbend, Derbent, Derband) is located in Daghestan on the West coast of the
Caspian sea, about 150 miles south-east of Grozny, Chechnia and about 140 miles north north-west of Baku,

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Azerbaijan. Derband was also known as Bab al-Abwab in early Muslim history. Al-Tabari mentions it in his famous
work 'Tarikh al-rusul wa'l Muluk' when discussing the events of 14 A.H. (646 C.E.), during the reign of the second
rightly guided Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (ra). The city is also mentioned by Yaqut in Mu'jam al-Buldan. It had
fortifications meant to repel invasions from the north of Caucasus, and where once powerful Kingdom of Khazar
ruled. The history of Khazars has been well documented since the middle of the first millennium C.E., and their
kingdom disintegrated in 966 C.E. Derbend was used as the main point of entry from the north of Caucasus to
the south into Persian territory.

Abdullah Yusuf Ali, the famous translator of the meaning of the Quran, discusses some opinions on Dhul Qarnayn
(Zul-Qarnain) in Appendix VII at the end of Sura 'Kahf', the 'Cave". The famous historian Ibn Kathir mentions that
Dhul-Qarnayn was a pious king, who lived during the time of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham, pbuh) and he
performed the Tawaaf around the Ka'bah with Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh) when he built it. See 'Muslim Minorities'
site for a Map showing Derbend.]


Proof of Authenticity: An Aproach

It must be stressed here that the Quran is accurate about many, many things, but accuracy
does not necessarily mean that a book is a divine revelation. In fact, accuracy is only one of
the criteria for divine revelations. For instance, the telephone book is accurate, but that does
not mean that it is divinely revealed. The real problem lies in that one must establish some proof
of the source the Quran's information. The emphasis is in the other direction, in that the burden
of proof is on the reader. One cannot simply deny the Quran's authenticity without sufficient
proof. If, indeed, one finds a mistake, then he has the right to disqualify it. This is exactly what
the Quran encourages.

Once a man came up to me after a lecture I delivered in South Africa. He was very angry
about what I had said, and so he claimed, "I am going to go home tonight and find a mistake
in the Quran." Of course, I said, "Congratulations. That is the most intelligent thing that you
have said." Certainly, this is the approach Muslims need to take with those who doubt the
Quran's authenticity, because the Quran itself offers the same challenge. And inevitably, after
accepting it's challenge and discovering that it is true, these people will come to believe it
because they could not disqualify it. In essence, the Quran earns their respect because they
themselves have had to verify its authenticity.

An essential fact that cannot be reiterated enough concerning the authenticity of the Quran
is that one's inability to explain a phenomenon himself does not require his acceptance of the
phenomenon's existence or another person's explanation of it. Specifically, just because one
cannot explain something does not mean that one has to accept someone else's explanation.
However, the person's refusal of other explanations reverts the burden of proof back on himself
to find a feasible answer. This general theory applies to numerous concepts in life, but fits most
wonderfully with the Quranic challenge, for it creates a difficulty for one who says, "I do not
believe it." At the onset of refusal one immediately has an obligation to find an explanation
himself if he feels others' answers are inadequate.

In fact, in one particular Quranic verse which I have always seen mistranslated into English,
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p y g
Allah mentions a man who heard the truth explained to him. It states that he was derelict in his
duty because after he heard the information, he left without checking the verity of what he
had heard. In other words, one is guilty if he hears something and does not research it and
check to see whether it is true. One is supposed to process all information and decide what is
garbage to be thrown out and what is worthwhile information to be kept and benefitted from
immediately or even at a later date.

One cannot just let it rattle around in his head. It must be put in the proper categories and
approached from that point of view. For example, if the information is still speculatory, then
one must discern whether it's closer to being true or false. But if all the facts have been
presented, then one must decide absolutely between these two options. And even if one is not
positive about the authenticity of the information, he is still required to process all the
information and make the admission that he just does not know for sure. Although this last point
appears to be futile, in actuality, it is beneficial to the arrival at a positive conclusion at a later
time in that it forces the person to at least recognize, research and review the facts.

This familiarity with the information will give the person "the edge" when future discoveries are
made and additional information is presented. The important thing is that one deals with the
facts and does not simply discard them out of empathy and disinterest.


Exhausting the Alternatives

The real certainty about the truthfulness of the Quran is evident in the confidence which is
prevalent throughout it; and this confidence comes from a different approach - "Exhausting
the alternatives." In essence, the Quran states, "This book is a divine revelation; if you do not
believe that, then what is it?" In other words, the reader is challenged to come up with some
other explanation. Here is a book made of paper and ink. Where did it come from? It says it is a
divine revelation; if it is not, then what is its source? The interesting fact is that no one has yet
come up with an explanation that works. In fact, all alternatives have bee exhausted. As has
been well established by non-Muslims, these alternatives basically are reduced to two mutually
exclusive schools of thought, insisting on one or the other.

On one hand, there exists a large group of people who have researched the Quran for
hundreds of years and who claim, "One thing we know for sure - that man, Muhammad (s),
thought he was a prophet. He was crazy!" They are convinced that Muhammad (s) was
fooled somehow. Then on the other hand, there is a group which alleges, "Because of this
evidence, one thing we know for sure is that that man, Muhammad (s) was a liar!" Ironically,
these two groups never seem to get together without contradicting.

In fact, many references to Islam usually claim both theories. They start out by stating that
Muhammad (s) was crazy and then end by saying he was a liar. They never seem to realize
that he could not have been both! For example, if one is deluded and really thinks that he is a
prophet, then he does not sit up late at night planning, "How will I fool the people tomorrow so

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that they think I am a prophet?" He truly believes that he is a prophet, and he trusts that the
answer will be given to him by revelation.


The Critic's Trail

As a matter of fact, a great deal of the Quran came in answer to questions. Someone would
ask Muhammad (s) a question, and the revelation would come with the answer to it. Certainly,
if one is crazy and believes that an angel put words in his ear, then when someone asks him a
question, he thinks that the angel will give him the answer. Because he is crazy, he really thinks
that. He does not tell someone to wait a short while and then run to his friends and ask them,
"Does anyone know the answer?" This type of behavior is characteristic of one who does not
believe that he is a prophet. What the non-Muslims refuse to accept is that you cannot have it
both ways. One can be deluded, or he can be a liar. He can br either one or neither one, but
he certainly cannot be both! The emphasis is on the fact that they are unquestionably
mutually exclusive personality traits.

The following scenario is a good example of the kind of circle that non-Muslims go around in
constantly. If you ask one of them, "What is the origin of the Quran?" He tells you that it
originated from the mind of a man who was crazy. Then you ask him, "If it came from his head,
then where did he get the information contained in it? Certainly the Quran mentions many
things with which the Arabs were not familiar." So in order to explain the fact which you bring
him, he changes his position and says, "Well, maybe he was not crazy. Maybe some foreigner
brought him the information. So he lied and told people that he was a prophet." At this point
then you have to ask him, "If Muhammad was a liar, then where did he get his confidence?
Why did he behave as though he really thought he was a prophet?" Finally backed into a
corner, like a cat he quickly lashes out with the first response that comes to his mind. Forgetting
that he has already exhausted that possibility, he claims, "Well, maybe he wasn't a liar. He was
probably crazy and really thought that he was a prophet." And thus he begins the futile cycle
again.

As has already been mentioned, there is much information contained in the Quran whose
source cannot be attributed to anyone other than Allah. For example, who told Muhammad
(s) about the wall of Dhul-Qarnayn - a place hundreds of miles to the north? Who told him
about embryology? When people assemble facts such as these, if they are not willing to
attribute their existence to a divine source, they automatically resort to the assumption
someone brought Muhammad (s) the information and that he used it to fool the people.
However, this theory can easily be disproved with one simple question: "If Muhammad (s) was
a liar, where did he get his confidence? Why did he tell some people out right to their face
what others could never say?" Such confidence depends completely upon being convinced
that one has a true divine revelation.


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A Revelation - Abu Lahab

Prophet Muhammad (s) had an uncle by the name of Abu Lahab. This man hated Islam to
such an extent that he used to follow the Prophet around in order to discredit him. If Abu
Lahab saw the Prophet (s) speaking to a stranger, he would wait until they parted and the
would go to the stranger and ask him, "What did he tell you? Did he say, 'Black'? Well, it's white.
Did he say 'morning'? Well, it's night." He faithfully said the exact opposite of whatever he
heard Muhammad (s) and the Muslims say. However, about ten years before Abu Lahab
died, a little chapter in the Quran (Surah al-Lahab, 111) was revealed about him. It distinctly
stated that he would go to the fire (i.e., Hell). In other words, it affirmed that he would never
become a Muslim and would therefore be condemned forever. For ten years all Abu Lahab
had to do was say, "I heard that it has been revealed to Muhammad that I will never change -
that I will never become a Muslim and will enter the Hellfire. Well, I want to become Muslim
now. How do you like that? What do you think of your divine revelation now?" But he never did
that. And yet, that is exactly the kind of behavior one would have expected from him since he
always sought to contradict Islam.

In essence, Muhammad (s) said, "You hate me and you want to finish me? Here, say these
words, and I am finished. Come on, say them!" But Abu Lahab never said them. Ten years!
And in all that time he never accepted Islam or even became sympathetic to the Islamic
cause.

How could Muhammad (s) possibly have known for sure that Abu Lahab would fulfil the
Quranic revelation if he (i.e., Muhammad) was not truly the messenger of Allah? How could he
possibly have been so confident as to give someone 10 years to discredit his claim of
prophethood? The only answer is that he was Allah's messenger; for in order to put forth such a
risky challenge, one has to be entirely convinced that he has a divine revelation.


The Flight

Another example of the confidence which Muhammad (s) had in his own prophethood and
consequently in the divine protection of himself and his message is when he left Makkah and
hid in a cave with Abu Bakr (ra) during their emigration to Madeenah. The two clearly saw
people coming to kill them, and Abu Bakr was afraid. Certainly, if Muhammad (s) was a liar, a
forger and one who was trying to fool the people into believing that he was a prophet, one
would have expected him to say in such a circumstance to his friend, "Hey, Abu Bakr, see if
you can find a back way out of this cave." Or "Squat down in that corner over there and keep
quiet." Yet, in fact, what he said to Abu Bakr clearly illustrated his confidence. He told him,
"Relax! Allah is with us, and Allah will save us!" Now, if one knows that he is fooling the people,
where does one get this kind of attitude? In fact, such a frame of mind is not characteristic of a
liar or a forger at all.

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So, as has been previously mentioned, the non-Muslims go around and around in a circle,
searching for a way out - some way to explain the findings in the Quran without attributing
them to their proper source. On one hand, they tell you on Monday, Wednesday and Friday,
"The man was a liar," and on the other hand, on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday they tell you,
"He was crazy." What they refuse to accept is that one cannot have it both ways; yet they
need both theories, both excuses to explain the information in the Quran.


An Encounter with a Minister

About seven years ago, I had a minister over to my home. In the particular room which we
were sitting there was a Quran on the table, face down, and so the minister was not aware of
which book it was. In the midst of a discussion, I pointed to the Quran and said, "I have
confidence in that book." Looking at the Quran but not knowing which book it was, he replied,
"Well, I tell you, if that book is not the Bible, it was written by a man!" In response to his
statement, I said, "Let me tell you something about what is in that book." And in just three to four
minutes, I related to him a few things contained in the Quran. After just those three or four
minutes, he completely changed his position and declared, "You are right. A man did not
write that book. The Devil wrote it!" Indeed, possessing such an attitude is very unfortunate - for
many reasons. For one thing, it is a very quick and cheap excuse. It is an instant exit out of an
uncomfortable situation.

As a matter of fact, there is a famous story in the Bible that mentions how one day some of the
Jews were witnesses when Jesus (pbuh) raised a man from the dead. The man had been
dead for four days, and when Jesus arrived, he simply said, "Get up!" and the man arose and
walked away. At such a sight, some of the Jews who were watching said disbelievingly, "This is
the Devil. The Devil helped him!" Now this story is rehearsed very often in churches all over the
world, and people cry big tears over it, saying, "Oh, if I had been there, I would not have been
as stupid as the Jews!" Yet, ironically, these people do exactly what the Jews did when in just
three minutes you show them only a small part of the Quran and all they can say is, "Oh, the
Devil did it. The devil wrote that book!" Because they are truly backed into a corner and have
no other viable answer, they resort to the quickest and cheapest excuse available. [Jesus
('Isa) and other Prophets of Allah].


The Source of the Quran

Another example of people's use of this weak stance can be found in the Makkans'
explanation of the source of Muhammad's message. They used to say, "The devils bring
Muhammad that Quran!" But just as with every suggestion made, the Quran gives the answer.
O (S h Al Q l 68 51 52) i ti l t t
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One verse (Surah Al-Qalam 68: 51-52) in particular states:

"And they say, 'Surely he is possessed [by jinn],' but it [i.e., the Quran] is not except
a reminder to the worlds."

Thus it gives an argument in reply to such a theory. In fact, there are many arguments in the
Quran in reply to the suggestion that devils brought Muhammad (s) his message. For example,
in the 26th chapter Allah (SWT) clearly affirms:

"No evil ones have brought it [i.e., this revelation] down. It would neither be fitting
for them, nor would they be able. Indeed they have been removed far from
hearing." (Surah ash-Shu'ara 26:210-212)

And in another place (Surah an-Nahl 16:98) in the Quran, Allah (SWT) instructs us:

"So when you recite the Quran seek refuge in Allah from Shaytan, the rejected."

Now is this how Satan writes a book? He tells one, "Before you read my book, ask God to save
you from me?" This is very, very tricky. Indeed, a man could write something like this, but would
Satan do this? Many people clearly illustrate that they cannot come to one conclusion on this
subject. On one hand, they claim that Satan would not do such a thing and that even if he
could, God would not allow him to; yet, on the other hand, they also believe that Satan is only
that much less than God. In essence they allege that the Devil can probably do whatever
God can do. And as a result, when they look at the Quran, even as surprised as they are as to
how amazing it is, they still insist, "The Devil did this!"

Thanks be to Allah (SWT), Muslims do not have that attitude. Although Satan may have some
abilities, they are a long way separated from the abilities of Allah. And no Muslim is a Muslim
unless he believes that. It is common knowledge even among non-Muslims that the Devil can
easily make mistakes, and it would be expected that he would contradict himself if and when
he wrote a book. For indeed, the Quran states (Surah an-Nisa 4:82):

"Do they not consider the Quran? Had it been from other than Allah, they would
surely have found therein much discrepancy."


Mythomania
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Mythomania

In conjunction with the excuses that non-Muslims advance in futile attempts to justify
unexplainable verses in the Quran, there is another attack often rendered which seems to be
a combination of the theories that Muhammad (s) was crazy and a liar. Basically, these
people propose that Muhammad was insane, and as a result of his delusion, he lied to and
misled people. There is a name for this in psychology. It is referred to as mythomania. It means
simply that one tells lies and then believes them. This is what the non-Muslims say Muhammad
(s) suffered from. But the only problem with this proposal is that one suffering from mythomania
absolutely cannot deal with any facts, and yet the whole Quran is based entirely upon facts.
Everything contained in it can be researched and established as true. Since facts are such a
problem for a mythomaniac, when a psychologist tries to treat one suffering from that
condition, he continually confronts him with facts.

For example, if one is mentally ill and claims, "I am the king of England," a psychologist does
not say to him "No you aren't. You are crazy!" He just does not do that. Rather, he confronts him
with facts and says, "O.K., you say you are the king of England. So tell me where the queen is
today. And where is your prime minister? And where are your guards?" Now, when the man
has trouble trying to deal with these questions, he tries to make excuses, saying "Uh... the
queen... she has gone to her mother's. Uh... the prime minister... well he died." And eventually
he is cured because he cannot deal with the facts. If the psychologist continues confronting
him with enough facts, finally he faces the reality and says, "I guess I am not the king of
England."

The Quran approaches everyone who reads it in very much the same way a psychologist
treats his mythomania patient. There is a verse in the Quran (Surah Yunus 10:57) which states:

"O mankind, there has come to you an admonition [i.e., the Quran] from your Lord
and a healing for what is in the hearts - and guidance and mercy for the
believers."

At first glance, this statement appears vague, but the meaning of this verse is clear when one
views it in light of the aforementioned example. Basically, one is healed of his delusions by
reading the Quran. In essence, it is therapy. It literally cures deluded people by confronting
them with facts. A prevalent attitude throughout the Quran is one which says, "O mankind, you
say such and such about this; but what about such and such? How can you say this when you
know that ?" And so forth. It forces one to consider what is relevant and what matters while
simultaneously healing one of the delusions that facts presented to mankind by Allah can
easily be explained away with flimsy theories and excuses.


New Catholic Encyclopedia

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It is this very sort of thing - confronting people with facts - that had captured the attention of
many non-Muslims. In fact, there exists a very interesting reference concerning this subject in
the New Catholic Encyclopedia. In an article under the subject of the Quran, the Catholic
Church states:

"Over the centuries, many theories have been offered as to the origin of the Quran...
Today no sensible man accepts any of these theories!!"

Now here is the age-old Catholic Church, which has been around for so many centuries,
denying these futile attempts to explain away the Quran.

Indeed, the Quran is a problem for the Catholic Church. It states that it is revelation, so they
study it. Certainly, they would love to find proof that it is not, but they cannot. They cannot find
a viable explanation. But at least they are honest in their research and do not accept the first
unsubstantiated interpretation which comes along. The Church states that in fourteen
centuries it has not yet been presented a sensible explanation. At least it admits that the Quran
is not an easy subject to dismiss. Certainly, other people are much less honest. They quickly say,
"Oh, the Quran came from here. The Quran came from there." And they do not even examine
the credibility of what they are stating most of the time.

Of course, such a statement by the Catholic Church leaves the everyday Christian in some
difficulty. It just may be that he has his own ideas as to the origin of the Quran, but as a single
member of the Church, he cannot really act upon his own theory. Such an action would be
contrary to the obedience, allegiance and loyalty which the Church demands. By virtue of his
membership, he must accept what the Catholic Church declares without question and
establish its teachings as part of his everyday routine. So, in essence, if the Catholic Church as
a whole is saying, "Do not listen to these unconfirmed reports about the Quran," then what can
be said about the Islamic point of view? If even non-Muslims are admitting that there is
something to the Quran - something that has to be acknowledged - then why are people so
stubborn and defensive and hostile when Muslims advance the very same theory? This is
certainly something for those with a mind to contemplate - something to ponder for those of
understanding!


Testimony of an Intellectual

Recently, the leading intellectual in the Catholic Church - a man by the name of Hans -
studied the Quran and gave his opinion of what he had read. This man has been around for
some time, and he is highly respected in the Catholic Church, and after careful scrutiny, he
reported his findings, concluding, "God has spoken to man through the man, Muhammad."
Again this is a conclusion arrived at by a non-Muslim source - the very leading intellectual of
the Catholic Church himself!
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the Catholic Church himself!

I do not think that the Pope agrees with him, but nonetheless, the opinion of such a noted,
reputed public figure must carry some weight in defense of the Muslim position. He must be
applauded for facing the reality that the Quran is not something which can be easily pushed
aside and that, in fact God is the source of these words.

As is evident from the aforementioned information, all of the possibilities have been exhausted,
so the chance of finding another possibility of dismissing the Quran is nonexistent.


Burden of Proof on the Critic

If the book is not a revelation, then it is a deception; and if it is a deception, one must ask,
"What is its origin? And where does it deceive us?" Indeed, the true answers to these questions
shed light on the Quran's authenticity and silence the bitter unsubstantiated claims of the
unbelievers.

Certainly, if people are going to insist that the Quran is a deception, then they must bring forth
evidence to support such a claim. The burden of proof is on them, not us! One is never
supposed to advance a theory without sufficient corroborating facts; so I say to them, "Show
me one deception! Show me where the Quran deceives me! Show me, otherwise don't say
that it is a deception!"


Origin of the Universe and Life

An interesting characteristic of the Quran is how it deals with surprising phenomena which
relate not only to the past but to modern times as well. In essence, the Quran is not and old
problem. It is still a problem even today - a problem to the non-Muslims that is. For everyday,
every week, every year brings more and more evidence that the Quran is a force to be
contended with - that its authenticity is no longer to be challenged! For example, one verse in
the Quran (Surah al-Anbiya 21:30) reads:

"Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together,
then We clove them asunder, and made from water every living thing? Will they
not then believe?"

Ironically, this very information is exactly what they awarded the 1973 Noble Prize for - to a
couple of unbelievers
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couple of unbelievers.

The Quran reveals the origin of the universe - how it began from one piece - and mankind
continues to verify this revelation, even up to now. Additionally, the fact that all life originated
from water would not have been an easy thing to convince people of fourteen centuries ago.
Indeed, if 1400 years ago you had stood in the desert and told someone, "All of this, you see
(pointing to yourself), is made up of mostly water," no one would have believed you. Proof of
that was not available until the invention of the microscope. They had to wait to find out that
cytoplasm, the basic substance of the cell, is made-up of 80% water. Nonetheless, the
evidence did come, and once again the Quran stood the test of time.


More on Falsification Test

In reference to the falsification tests mentioned earlier, it is interesting to note that they, too,
relate to both the past and the present . Some of them were used as illustrations of Allah's
omnipotence and knowledge, while others continue to stand as challenges to the present
day. An example of the former is the statement made in the Quran about Abu Lahab. It
clearly illustrates that Allah, the Knower of the Unseen, knew that Abu Lahab would never
change his ways and accept Islam. Thus Allah dictated that he would be condemned to the
Hellfire forever. Such a chapter was both an illustration of Allah's divine wisdom and a warning
to those who were like Abu Lahab.


People of the Book

An interesting example of the latter type of falsification tests contained in the Quran is the verse
which mentions the relationship between the Muslims and the Jews. The verse is careful not to
narrow its scope to the relationship between individual members of each religion, but rather, it
summarizes the relationship between the two groups of people as a whole. In essence, the
Quran states that the Christians will always treat the Muslims better than the Jews will treat the
Muslims. Indeed, the full impact of such a statement can only be felt after careful
consideration of the real meaning of such a verse. It is true that many Christians and many
Jews have become Muslims, but as a whole, the Jewish community is to be viewed as an avid
enemy of Islam. Additionally, very few people realize what such an open declaration in the
Quran invites. In essence, it is an easy chance for the Jews to prove that the Quran is false -
that it is not a divine revelation. All they have to do is organize themselves, treat the Muslims
nicely for a few years and then say, "Now what does your holy book say about who are your
best friends in the world - the Jews or the Christians? Look what we Jews have done for you!"
That is all they have to do to disprove the Quran's authenticity, yet they have not done it in
1400 years. But, as always, the offer still stands open!

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A Mathematical Approach

All of the examples so far given concerning the various angles from which one can approach
the Quran have undoubtedly been subjective in nature; however, there does exist another
angle, among others, which is objective and whose basis is mathematical.

It is surprising how authentic the Quran becomes when one assembles what might be referred
to as a list of good guesses. Mathematically, it can be explained using guessing and prediction
examples. For instance, if a person has two choices (i.e., one is right, and one is wrong), and he
closes his eyes and makes a choice, then half of the time (i.e., one time out of two) he will be
right. Basically, he has a one in two chance, for he could pick the wrong choice, or he could
pick the right choice.

Now if the same person has two situations like that (i.e., he could be right or wrong about
situation number one, and he could be right or wrong about situation number two), and he
closes his eyes and guesses, then he will only be right one-fourth of the time (i.e., one time out
of four). He now has a one in four chance because now there are three ways for him to be
wrong and only one way for him to be right. In simple terms, he could make the wrong choice
in situation number one and then make the wrong choice in situation number two; or he could
make the wrong choice in situation number one and then make the right choice in situation
number two; or he could make the right choice in situation number one and then make the
wrong choice in situation number two; or he could make the right choice in situation number
one and then make the right choice in situation number two.

Of course, the (only instance in which he could be totally right is the last scenario where he
could guess correctly in both situations. The odds of his guessing completely correctly have
become greater because the number of situations for him to guess in have increased; and the
mathematical equation representing such a scenario is ½ x ½ (i.e., one time out of two for the
first situation multiplied by one time out of two for the second situation).

Continuing on with the example, if the same person now has three situations in which to make
blind guesses, then he will only be right one-eighth of the time (i.e., one time out of eight or ½ x
½ x ½ ). Again, the odds of choosing the correct choice in all three situations have decreased
his chances of being completely correct to only one time in eight. It must be understood that
as the number of situations increase, the chances of being right decrease, for the two
phenomena are inversely proportional.

Now applying this example to the situations in the Quran, if one draws up a list of all of the
subjects about which the Quran has made correct statements, it becomes very clear that it is
highly unlikely that they were all just correct blind guesses. Indeed, the subjects discussed in the
Quran are numerous [some of them are listed in the Quran and Scientific Knowledge], and
thus the odds of someone just making lucky guesses about all of them become practically nil. If
there are a million ways for the Quran to be wrong yet each time it is right then it is unlikely
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there are a million ways for the Quran to be wrong, yet each time it is right, then it is unlikely
that someone was guessing.

The following three examples of subjects about which the Quran has made correct statements
collectively illustrate how the Quran continues to beat the odds.


The Female Bee

In the 16th chapter (Surah an-Nahl 16:68-69) the Quran mentions that the female bee leaves
its home to gather food. Now, a person might guess on that, saying, "The bee that you see
flying around - it could be male, or it could be female. I think I will guess female." Certainly, he
has a one in two chance of being right. So it happens that the Quran is right. But it also
happens that that was not what most people believed at the time when the Quran was
revealed. Can you tell the difference between a male and a female bee? Well, it takes a
specialist to do that, but it has been discovered that the male bee never leaves his home to
gather food. However, in Shakespeare's play, Henry the Fourth, some of the characters discuss
bees and mention that the bees are soldiers and have a king. That is what people thought in
Shakespeare's time - that the bees that one sees flying around are male bees and that they go
home and answer to a king. However, that is not true at all. The fact is that they are females,
and they answer to a queen. Yet it took modern scientific investigations in the last 300 years to
discover that this is the case.

So, back to the list of good guesses, concerning the topic of bees, the Quran had a 50/50
chance of being right, and the odds were one in two.


The Sun

In addition to the subject of bees, the Quran also discusses the sun and the manner in which it
travels through space. Again, a person can guess on that subject. When the sun moves
through space, there are two options: it can travel just as a stone would travel if one threw it, or
it can move of its own accord. The Quran states the latter - that it moves as a result of its own
motion (Surah al-Anbiya 21:33). To do such, the Quran uses a form of the word sabaha to
describe the sun's movement through space. In order to properly provide the reader with a
comprehensive understanding of the implications of this Arabic verb, the following example is
given.

If a man is in water and the verb sabaha is applied in reference to his movement, it can be
understood that he is swimming, moving of his own accord and not as a result of a direct force
applied to him. Thus when this verb is used in reference to the sun's movement through space,
it in no way implies that the sun is flying uncontrollably through space as a result of being
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it in no way implies that the sun is flying uncontrollably through space as a result of being
hurled or the like. It simply means that the sun is turning and rotating as it travels. Now, this is
what the Quran affirms, but was it an easy thing to discover? Can any common man tell that
the sun is turning? Only in modern times was the equipment made available to project the
image of the sun onto a tabletop so that one could look at it without being blinded. And
through this process it was discovered that not only are there spots on the sun but that these
spots move once every 25 days. This movement is referred to as the rotation of the sun around
its axis and conclusively proves that, as the Quran stated 1400 years ago, the sun does,
indeed, turn as it travels through space.

And returning once again to the subject of good guesses, the odds of guessing correctly
about both subjects - the sex of bees and the movement of the sun - are one in four!


Time Zones

Seeing as back fourteen centuries ago people probably did not understand much about time
zones, the Quran's statements about this subject are considerably surprising. The concept that
one family is having breakfast as the sun comes up while another family is enjoying the brisk
night air is truly something to be marveled at, even in modern time. Indeed, fourteen centuries
ago, a man could not travel more than thirty miles in one day, and thus it took him literally
months to travel from India to Morocco, for example. And probably, when he was having
supper in Morocco, he thought to himself, "Back home in India they are having supper right
now." This is because he did not realize that, in the process of traveling, he moved across a time
zone. Yet, because it is the words of Allah, the All-Knowing, the Quran recognizes and
acknowledges such a phenomenon.

In an interesting verse it states that when history comes to an end and the Day of Judgement
arrives, it will all occur in an instant; and this very instant will catch some people in the daytime
and some people at night. This clearly illustrates Allah's divine wisdom and His previous
knowledge of the existence of time zones, even though such a discovery was non-existent
back fourteen centuries ago. Certainly, this phenomenon is not something which is obvious to
one's eyes or a result of one's experience, and this fact, in itself, suffices as proof of the Quran's
authenticity.


Conclusions

Returning one final time to the subject of good guesses for the purpose of the present
example, the odds that someone guessed correctly about all three of the aforementioned
subjects - the sex of bees, the movement of the sun and the existence of time zones - are one in
eight!

Certainly one could continue on and on with this example drawing up longer and longer list
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Certainly, one could continue on and on with this example, drawing up longer and longer list
of good guesses; and of course, the odds would become higher and higher with each
increase of subjects about which one could guess. But what no one can deny is the following:
the odds that Muhammad (s), an illiterate, guessed correctly about thousands and thousands
of subjects, never once making a mistake, are so high that any theory of his authorship of the
Quran must be completely dismissed - even by the most hostile enemies of Islam!

Indeed, the Quran expects this kind of challenge. Undoubtedly, if one said to someone upon
entering a foreign land, "I know your father. I have met him," probably the man from that land
would doubt the newcomer's word, saying, "You have just come here. How could you know
my father?" As a result, he would question him, "Tell me, is my father tall, short, dark, fair? What is
he like?" Of course, if the visitor continued answering all of the questions correctly, the skeptic
would have no choice but to say, "I guess you do know my father. I don't know how you know
him, but I guess you do!"

The situation is the same with the Quran. It states that it originates from the One who created
everything. So everyone has the right to say, "Convince me! If the author of this book really
originated life and everything in the heavens and on the earth, then He should know about
this, about that, and so on." And inevitably, after researching the Quran, everyone will discover
the same truths. Additionally, we all know something for sure: we do not all have to be experts
to verify what the Quran affirms. One's iman (faith) grows as one continues to check and
confirm the truths contained in the Quran. And one is supposed to do so all of his life.

May God (Allah) guide everyone close to the truth.


Addendum 1

An engineer at the University of Toronto who was interested in psychology and who had read
something on it, conducted research and wrote a thesis on Efficiency of Group Discussions.
The purpose of his research was to find out how much people accomplish when they get
together to talk in groups of two, three, ten, etc. The graph of his findings goes up and down at
places, but it reaches the highest point at the variable of two. The findings: people accomplish
most when they talk in groups of two. Of course, this discovery was entirely beyond his
expectations, but it is very old advice given in the Quran (Surah Saba 34:46):

"Say, 'I exhort you to one thing - that you stand for Allah, [assessing the truth] by
twos and singly, and then reflect...'"


Addendum 2: 'Iram

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The Amazing Quran

Additionally, the 89th chapter of the Quran (Surah al-Fajr 89:7) mentions a certain city by the
name of 'Iram (a city of pillars), which was not known in ancient history and which was non-
existent as far as historians were concerned. However, the December 1978 edition of National
Geographic introduced interesting information which mentioned that in 1973, the city of Elba
was excavated in Syria. The city was discovered to be 43 centuries old, but that is not the most
amazing part. Researchers found in the library of Elba a record of all of the cities with which
Elba had done business. Believe it or not, there on the list was the name of the city of 'Iram. The
people of Elba had done business with the people of 'Iram!

In conclusion I ask you to consider with care the following (Surah 29:50-51):

"And they say, 'Why are not signs sent down to him from his Lord?' Say, 'Indeed, the
signs are with Allah, and I am but a clear warner.' But it is sufficient for them that
We have sent down to you the Book [i.e., Quran] which is rehearsed to them? Verily,
in that is mercy and a reminder to people who believe."


Allah: Allah is the proper name in Arabic for The One and Only God, The Creator
and Sustainer of the universe. It is used by the Arab Christians and Jews for the God
(Eloh-im in Hebrew; 'Allaha' in Aramaic, the mother tongue of Jesus, pbuh). The
word Allah does not have a plural or gender. Allah does not have any associate or
partner, and He does not beget nor was He begotten. SWT is an abbreviation of
Arabic words that mean 'Glory Be To Him.'
s or pbuh: Peace Be Upon Him. This expression is used for all Prophets of Allah.
ra: RadiAllahu Anhu (May Allah be pleased with him).

"The Holy Quran," Text, Translation and Commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, 1934. (Latest Publisher: Amana
Publications, Beltsville, MD, USA; Title: "The Meaning of the Holy Quran," 1992). Includes subject index.

"The Meaning of the Glorious Koran," An Explanatory Translation by Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall, a Mentor
Book Publication. (Also available as: "The Meaning of the Glorious Koran," by Marmaduke Pickthall, Dorset Press,
N.Y.; Published by several publishers since 1930).

"The Bible, The Quran and Science (Le Bible, le Coran et la Science)," The Holy Scriptures Examined in the Light of
Modern Knowledge, by Maurice Bucaille, English version published by North American Trust Publication, 1978.

Copyright © 1992 Abul Qasim Publishing House (AQPH). All Rights Reserved
"The Amazing Quran," a lecture delivered by Dr. Miller, was published as a booklet by AQPH.
Posted by the permission of AQPH

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