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Anatomy of a License (Creative Commons)

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This document summarizes the anatomy and design of Creative Commons licenses. It explains that CC licenses provide a balance between all rights reserved copyright and open content by allowing others to share, collaborate, remix and reuse works. The licenses have three layers - a legal code, human readable summary, and machine readable metadata. There are six main licenses which combine four elements - attribution, non-commercial use, share alike, and no derivatives. The licenses range from least to most restrictive and all require attribution of the original creator. Fair use and works in the public domain are also addressed.

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ANATOMY OF A LICENSE CREATIVE COMMONS Produced By Richard J Powell 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES • Are a balance between the “all rights reserved” of copyright and a simplified standard to give permission to others to “Share, Collaborate, Remix, Reuse” • Are up to date, free & have been globally adopted as a standard for open copyright licenses

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THREE LAYER DESIGN • Base Layer = Lawyer Readable = Legal Code • These are the terms & conditions of the license from a legal standpoint; these are the elements that can be enforced by a court of law • Middle Layer = Human Readable = Commons Deed • Webpages that explain & summarize the license terms in non-legal terminology • Final Layer = Machine Readable = Metadata • “CC Rights Expression Language” creates a standardized method to describe the licenses so apps & search engines can find them https://certificates.creativecommons.org/cccerteducomments/chapter/3-1-license-design-and-terminology/

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FOUR LICENSE ELEMENTS

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BY •Attribution •Included with all licenses

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NC •NonCommercial •Can only be used for noncommercial purposes

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SA •ShareAlike •Adaptations MUST be licensed with the same license

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ND •NoDerivatives •Those who reuse cannot share their adaptations

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SIX CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES Four Elements: BY, SA, NC & ND combine to create six license options: Least Restrictive Most Restrictive All require attribution to creator of the original work

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ATTRIBUTION LICENSE CC BY Can be used for any purpose Including for commercial purposes & in modified formats MUST contain an attribution to the original creator

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ATTRIBUTION-SHAREALIKE LICENSE BY-SA Can be used for any purpose Including for commercial purposes & in modified formats MUST contain an attribution to the original creator Any adaptations shared MUST be available with same or compatible license

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ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL LICENSE BY-NC Can be used for NonCommercial purposes ONLY MUST contain an attribution to the original creator

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ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE LICENSE BY-NC-SA Can be used for NonCommercial purposes ONLY MUST contain an attribution to the original creator Any adaptations shared MUST be available with same or compatible license

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ATTRIBUTION-NODERIVATIVES LICENSE BY-ND Can use unadapted work (unchanged) for any purpose Even Commercially MUST contain an attribution to the original creator

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ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL- NODERIVATIVES LICENSE BY-NC-ND Can use unadapted work (unchanged) for NonCommercial purposes ONLY MUST contain an attribution to the original creator

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CC LICENSES & FAIR USE CC Licensing Fundamental Exceptions & limitations rights under copyright are NOT reduced, limited or restricted by Creative Commons Licenses – this includes Fair Use

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CC LICENSES & PUBLIC DOMAIN What if the creator of a work does not want “all rights reserved” and wishes to relinquish copyright? In some countries, creators are not allowed to give up the copyright for their work using a waiver. For this, Creative Commons has a public domain tool, CC0. This license unconditionally allows anyone, anywhere in the world, to do what they wish with that work. This license includes “a promise by the person applying CC0 to their work that they will not assert copyright against reusers in a manner that interferes with their stated intention of surrendering all rights in the work.” https://certificates.creativecommons.org/cccertedu/chapter/3-3-license-types/ This tool also carries rights beyond the other CC licenses. An example would be non- competition laws. To reuse a work, you may still need to get clearance for other rights such as trademark, patent or third party rights.

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All icons, buttons and images used in this presentation can be found on the Creative Commons website or where otherwise noted. For more information, visit: https://creativecommons.org https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads Produced By Richard J Powell 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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Anatomy of a License (Creative Commons)

  • 1. ANATOMY OF A LICENSE CREATIVE COMMONS Produced By Richard J Powell 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  • 2. CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES • Are a balance between the “all rights reserved” of copyright and a simplified standard to give permission to others to “Share, Collaborate, Remix, Reuse” • Are up to date, free & have been globally adopted as a standard for open copyright licenses
  • 3. THREE LAYER DESIGN • Base Layer = Lawyer Readable = Legal Code • These are the terms & conditions of the license from a legal standpoint; these are the elements that can be enforced by a court of law • Middle Layer = Human Readable = Commons Deed • Webpages that explain & summarize the license terms in non-legal terminology • Final Layer = Machine Readable = Metadata • “CC Rights Expression Language” creates a standardized method to describe the licenses so apps & search engines can find them https://certificates.creativecommons.org/cccerteducomments/chapter/3-1-license-design-and-terminology/
  • 6. NC •NonCommercial •Can only be used for noncommercial purposes
  • 8. ND •NoDerivatives •Those who reuse cannot share their adaptations
  • 9. SIX CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES Four Elements: BY, SA, NC & ND combine to create six license options: Least Restrictive Most Restrictive All require attribution to creator of the original work
  • 10. ATTRIBUTION LICENSE CC BY Can be used for any purpose Including for commercial purposes & in modified formats MUST contain an attribution to the original creator
  • 11. ATTRIBUTION-SHAREALIKE LICENSE BY-SA Can be used for any purpose Including for commercial purposes & in modified formats MUST contain an attribution to the original creator Any adaptations shared MUST be available with same or compatible license
  • 12. ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL LICENSE BY-NC Can be used for NonCommercial purposes ONLY MUST contain an attribution to the original creator
  • 13. ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE LICENSE BY-NC-SA Can be used for NonCommercial purposes ONLY MUST contain an attribution to the original creator Any adaptations shared MUST be available with same or compatible license
  • 14. ATTRIBUTION-NODERIVATIVES LICENSE BY-ND Can use unadapted work (unchanged) for any purpose Even Commercially MUST contain an attribution to the original creator
  • 15. ATTRIBUTION-NONCOMMERCIAL- NODERIVATIVES LICENSE BY-NC-ND Can use unadapted work (unchanged) for NonCommercial purposes ONLY MUST contain an attribution to the original creator
  • 16. CC LICENSES & FAIR USE CC Licensing Fundamental Exceptions & limitations rights under copyright are NOT reduced, limited or restricted by Creative Commons Licenses – this includes Fair Use
  • 17. CC LICENSES & PUBLIC DOMAIN What if the creator of a work does not want “all rights reserved” and wishes to relinquish copyright? In some countries, creators are not allowed to give up the copyright for their work using a waiver. For this, Creative Commons has a public domain tool, CC0. This license unconditionally allows anyone, anywhere in the world, to do what they wish with that work. This license includes “a promise by the person applying CC0 to their work that they will not assert copyright against reusers in a manner that interferes with their stated intention of surrendering all rights in the work.” https://certificates.creativecommons.org/cccertedu/chapter/3-3-license-types/ This tool also carries rights beyond the other CC licenses. An example would be non- competition laws. To reuse a work, you may still need to get clearance for other rights such as trademark, patent or third party rights.
  • 18. All icons, buttons and images used in this presentation can be found on the Creative Commons website or where otherwise noted. For more information, visit: https://creativecommons.org https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads Produced By Richard J Powell 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License