Android architecture

Seminar On
Android
Presented By :-
Kartik N. Kalpande

Welcome
to the World Of Android
What You Learn With Us..
1. Introduction Of Android
2. History Of Android
3. Why Android
4. Career in Android
5. What are various Android Devices

Introduction To Android
 What is an Android
-Android in Linux Based Operating System
Design for the Touch Screen Devices Like
Smartphone's and Tablet Computer.
 Initially developed by Android, Inc., which
Google backed financially and later bought in
2005
 Android is open source and Google releases
the code under the Apache License
 Android Programmed in C, C++ and Java
 The first Android-powered phone was sold in
October 2008.

First Android Power-Phone
 HTC Dream

More About HTC Dream
 Manufacturer-HTC Corporation.
 Availability by country
22 October 2008 (United States)
30 October 2008 (United Kingdom)
5 February 2009 (Australia)
21 February 2009 (Singapore)
2 June 2009 (Canada)
 Weight 158 g
 Operating system Android 1.6 Originally
Android 1.0

History Of Android
 Android Mobile OS Designed By Android Inc.
was founded in Palo Alto California in Oct
2003.
 Android logo was designed by Irina Blok.
 Founders Of Android Inc.
 - Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger).
 - Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire
Communications, Inc.).
 - Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile).
 - Chris White (headed design and interface
development at WebTV.

 Before Android OS Smart Phones are there.
 These smart phone vendors developed their
own hardware and operating system
 Following are name of some companies who
had their own Smart Phone.
Symbion Mobile(Nokia)
BlackBerry(BlackBerry)
iphone(Apple Corporation)
Windows Mobile(Microsoft Corporation)

 Each Company Provides their own App store
,then developer post there application into
that app store and make business.
 We can’t use the application develop for one
Smartphone in another SmartPhone.
 This make application as platform dependent.
 To make independency Google and OHA
announce Android as OpenSource.
 With this the journey of android was started.

OHA
 It means Open Handset Alliances.
 This is consortium of 84 different companies
 All companies of Smart Phone Development
came under one roof in OHA
 They all accepted android as operating
system
 OHA led by Google
 Google announce the app store for android in
August 2008 and make available to user in
octomber 2008

Why Android
 Android provides the platform independency.
 It is make opensoure by Google so that it
used by the SmartPhone vendors.
 As its code is opensource and available to
developer ,Developer can develop their own
app.
 This app can be sell over the Android Market
and business can be make.

History Of Mobile OS
 1979–1992 Mobile phones have embedded
systems to control operation.
 1993 The first smartphone, the IBM Simon,
has a touchscreen, email and PDA features.
 1996 Palm Pilot 1000 personal digital
assistant is introduced with the Palm OS
mobile operating system.
 1996 First Windows CE Handheld PC
devices are introduced.

 1999 Nokia S40 OS is officially introduced
with the launch of the Nokia 7110.
 2000 Symbian becomes the first modern
mobile OS on a smartphone with the launch
of the Ericsson R380.
 2001 The Kyocera 6035 is the first
smartphone with Palm OS.
 2002 Microsoft's first Windows CE (Pocket
PC) smartphones are introduced.

 2005 Nokia introduces Maemo OS on the first
internet tablet N770.
 2007 Apple iPhone with iOS is introduced as
an iPhone, "mobile phone" and "internet
communicator.
 2007 Open Handset Alliance (OHA) formed
by Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola,
Samsung, LG.
 2008 OHA releases Android 1.0 with the HTC
Dream (T-Mobile G1) as the first Android
phone.

 2009 Palm introduces webOS with the Palm
Pre. By 2012 webOS devices were no longer
sold.

Why Mobile App Development?
 Mobile platform is the platform of the future
 Double-digit growth in world-wide smartphone ownership.
 Job market is hot
 Market for mobile software surges from $4.1 billion in 2009 to
$17.5 billion by 2012
 2010 Dice.com survey: 72% of recruiters looking for iPhone app
developers, 60% for Android1
 Dice.com: mobile app developers made $85,000 in 2010 and
salaries expected to rise2

Why Android?
 A lot of students have them
 2010 survey by University of CO1
: 22% of college
students have Android phone (26% Blackberry, 40%
iPhone)
 Gartner survey2
: Android used on 22.7% of
smartphones sold world-wide in 2010 (37.6%
Symbian, 15.7% iOS)
 Students already know Java and Eclipse
 Low learning curve
 CS0 students can use App Inventor for Android
1http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/
2http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1543014

Why Android?
 Transferring app to phone is trivial
 Can distribute by putting it on the web
 Android Market for wider distribution
• It’s not 1984

Various Android Phones
http://cloud.addictivetips.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/and

Galaxy Tablet
http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxytab/10.1/index.html

Android-Powered Microwave
http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/30712/android-powered-microwave-cooking-google
By Touch Revolution – at CES 2010

http://www.google.com/nexus/
Google/Samsung Galaxy Nexus

Brief History
 1996
 The WWW already had websites with color and
images
 But, the best phones displayed a couple of lines
of monochrome text!
 Enter:
 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) – stripped down
HTTP for bandwidth reduction
 Wireless Markup Language (WML) – stripped down
HTML for content

Brief History
 Many issues (WAP = “Wait And Pay”)
 Few developers to produce content (it wasn’t fun!)
 Really hard to type in URLs using the small
keyboards
 Data fees frightfully expensive
 No billing mechanism – content difficult to
monetize
 Other platforms emerged
 Palm OS, Blackberry OS, J2ME, Symbian
(Nokia), BREW, OS X iPhone, Windows Mobile

Brief History - Android
 2005
 Google acquires startup Android Inc. to start Android platform
 Work on Dalvik VM begins
 2007
 Open Handset Alliance announced
 Early look at SDK
 2008
 Google sponsors 1st
Android Developer Challenge
 T-Mobile G1 announced
 SDK 1.0 released
 Android released open source (Apache License)
 Android Dev Phone 1 released

Brief History cont.
 2009
 SDK 1.5 (Cupcake)
 New soft keyboard with “autocomplete” feature
 SDK 1.6 (Donut)
 Support Wide VGA
 SDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair)
 Revamped UI, browser
 2010
 Nexus One released to the public
 SDK 2.2 (Froyo)
 Flash support, tethering
 SDK 2.3 (Gingerbread)
 UI update, system-wide copy-paste

Honeycomb
Android3.0-3.
Brief History cont.
 2011
 SDK 3.0/3.1/3.2 (Honeycomb) for tablets only
 New UI for tablets, support multi-core processors
 SDK 4.0/4.0.1/4.0.2/4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
 Changes to the UI, Voice input, NFC
Ice cream Sandwic
Android 4.0+

The Android Developer
Website
 http://developer.android.com/index.html
 This should be your homepage for the next
semester!

Distribution of Devices
Data collected during a 14-day period ending on January 3, 2012
http://developer.android.com/resources/dashboard/platform-
versions.html

What is Google Android?
 A software stack for mobile devices that includes
 An operating system
 Middleware
 Key Applications
 Uses Linux to provide core system services
 Security
 Memory management
 Process management
 Power management
 Hardware drivers

Android Architecture
More details at: http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

Mobile Devices: Advantages (as
compared to fixed devices)
 Always with the user
 Typically have Internet access
 Typically GPS enabled
 Typically have accelerometer & compass
 Most have cameras & microphones
 Many apps are free or low-cost

Mobile Devices: Disadvantages
 Limited screen size
 Limited battery life
 Limited processor speed
 Limited and sometimes slow network access
 Limited or awkward input: soft keyboard, phone
keypad, touch screen, or stylus
 Limited web browser functionality
 Range of platforms & configurations across
devices

Mobile Applications
 What are they?
 Any application that runs on a mobile device
 Types
 Web apps: run in a web browser
 HTML, JavaScript, Flash, server-side components,
etc.
 Native: compiled binaries for the device
 Often make use of web services

 Development
process for an
Android app
http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/index.html

Android Apps
 Built using Java and new SDK libraries
 No support for some Java libraries like Swing &
AWT
 Oracle currently suing Google over use
 Java code compiled into Dalvik byte code
(.dex)
 Optimized for mobile devices (better memory
management, battery utilization, etc.)
 Dalvik VM runs .dex files

Building and running
 ADB is a client server program that connects clients on developer
machine to devices/emulators to facilitate development.
 An IDE like Eclipse handles this entire process for you.
http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/building/index.html#detailed-build
Compiled resources
(xml files)
Android Debug Bridge

Building and running (more
details)
 Expand
figure
 Android Interface
Definition
Language (AIDL) –
Definitions to
exchange data
between
applications (think
SOAP)
http://developer.android.com/guide/de
veloping/building/index.html#detailed-
build
Android Asset Packing Tool
Allows processes across
apps to communicate.

Applications Are Boxed
 By default, each app is run in its own Linux
process
 Process started when app’s code needs to be
executed
 Threads can be started to handle time-consuming
operations
 Each process has its own Dalvik VM
 By default, each app is assigned unique Linux ID
 Permissions are set so app’s files are only visible to
that app

Publishing and Monetizing
 Paid apps in Android Market, various other
markets
 Free, ad-supported apps in Android Market
 Ad networks (Google AdMob, Quattro Wireless)
 Sell your own ads
 Services to other developers
 Ex. Skyhook Wireless
(http://www.skyhookwireless.com/)
 Contests (Android Developer Challenge)
 Selling products from within your app

Android Market
 http://www.android.com/market/
Has various categories, allows ratings
Have both free/paid apps
Featured apps on web and on phone
The Android Market (and iTunes/App Store) is
great for developers
 Level playing field, allowing third-party apps
 Revenue sharing

Publishing to Android Market
 Requires Google Developer Account
 $25 fee
 Link to a Merchant Account
 Google Checkout
 Link to your checking account
 Google takes 30% of app purchase price

Android Design Philosophy
 Applications should be:
 Fast
 Resource constraints: <200MB RAM, slow processor
 Responsive
 Apps must respond to user actions within 5 seconds
 Secure
 Apps declare permissions in manifest
 Seamless
 Usability is key, persist data, suspend services
 Android kills processes in background as needed

Leveraging the web
 To keep your apps fast and responsive,
consider how you can leverage the web
 What ____________ can be ________ on a
server or in the cloud?
 Tasks/performed
 Data/persisted
 Data/retrieved
 Beware, data transfer is also expensive and can
be slow

Other design principles
 http://developer.android.com/design/index.ht
ml
 Great reference!

Apple vs. Google
 Open Handset Alliance
 30+ technology companies
 Commitment to openness, shared vision, and
concrete plans
 Compare with Mac/PC battles
 Similar (many PC manufacturers, one Apple)
 Different (Microsoft sells Windows, Google gives
away Android)

Android architecture

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