Applications of RS and GIS in Urban Planning by Rakshith m murthy

INDEX
• INTRODUCTION
• What is RS?
• What is GIS?
• Urban planning
• NEED FOR RS AND GIS OVER CONVENTIONAL METHODS
• APPLICATION OF RS AND GIS IN URBAN PLANNING
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
2

INTRODUCTION
 The urban areas in developing countries have witnessed
tremendous changes in terms of population growth and
urbanization.
 In the absence of proper urban management practice,
uncontrolled and rapid increase in population pose enormous
challenges to governments in providing adequate shelter to
the millions of homeless and poor in urban areas. This has
also posed great concern among urban planners.
 Hence, incorporation of RS and GIS in urban planning has
become a very useful aid.
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Remote sensing
 Remote sensing is the science of obtaining information about
objects, area or phenomenon without making physical contact
with them.
 Captures spatial (area), spectral (color) and temporal (time)
data with accuracy, speed and cost effective on a repetitive
basis
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Geographical information system (GIS)
 GIS are decision support computer based systems for
collecting, storing, presenting and analyzing geographical
spatial information.
 A GIS stores its data in layers.
 Each layer consists of a map
plus a table of attribute data.
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Need for RS and GIS over conventional methods
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Areas in which replacement of the conventional methods by
RS and GIS are as follows;
 Digitization of cadastral map using GIS.
 Preparation of new maps using satellite RS is cheapest and
quickest available method.
 To keep track of urban growth.
 To update land use and land cover maps

Application of RS and GIS in urban planning
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1) Urban sprawl: Urban sprawl is the outgrowth along
peripheries of cities and along highways.
 It is characterized by an unplanned and uneven pattern of
growth leading to inefficient resource utilization.
 It can be effectively studied by dividing the study area into
concentric circles of incrementing radius of 1km and
studying the analyzing the following aspects:
a) pre processing
b) vegetation cover analysis
c) land use analysis
d) density gradient analysis

10
Study area: Bengaluru
Study area has been
divided into
concentric circles of
incrementing radius
of 1km from the centre
of the city.

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Gradient-wise temporal land use

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2) Land use changes: It refers to the dynamic change that the
land/geographical area has undergone with time.
Temporal land use details of
Mysuru
Classification output of Mysuru

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3) Mapping administrative boundaries:

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4) Water demand and supply analysis: This is effectively done by
dividing the study area into itineraries and further analyzed
for water availability density.
 water availability density = supply density-demand density
Study area: Western
region of Nairobi
country.
155 itineraries

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The blue color indicates
areas with very low water
supply.
Areas with red color have
adequate water supply.

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5) Road network analysis: By using network analysis tools,
shortest route was created between two different locations,
which is more efficient in terms of less time and subsequently,
cost consumed in travelling.
 The route may connect just two nodes – an origin and a
destination or have specific stop between these two nodes.

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7) Monitoring archaeological sites: encroachment around the
archaeological sites can be analzed using satellite imagery.

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8) Urban information system in India: The national urban
information system ( NUIS) of India was drafted in 2000.
 Components of NUIS:
a) Urban spatial information system (USIS)
b) National Urban Data Bank & Indicators (NUDB&I)
 Objectives of NUIS scheme:
a) generate spatial data in the form of accurate maps and attribute
(statistical) data.
b) use of modern data sources / technologies from high resolution
satellites and GIS concepts
c) To develop and implement the information system concept in
planning and managing urban settlements

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Some of the other applications of RS and GIS in urban
planning are as follows:
 Traffic analysis
 Assessing physical transformation of cities
 Land suitability modeling
 Disaster management ( E.g.: landslides, flood, drought, etc.)
 Delineating environmental sensitive area.
 Planning zones

Conclusion
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 Issues like quality of infrastructure, energy efficient services and
environmental conditions in a city and many other pose a challenge to
urban planning.
 To solve the above issues and to plan a better city at the current rate of
urbanization, quick and intelligent response from the planning
authorities are necessary.
 In other words, the urban planning authorities and agencies in every
parts of the country should adopt new technologies like remote sensing
and GIS.

References
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 Ramachandra TV, Durgappa and Bharath aithal., 2011, Insights on urban
dynamics through landscape spatial pattern analysis, international journal
of applied earth observation and geoinformation 18 (2012) 329-343.
 P. N. Wafula and T. G. Ngigi., 2015, GIS Based Analysis of Supply and
Forecasting Piped Water Demand in Nairobi, international journal of
engineering science invention, volume 4 issue 2.
 M Raghunath., 2006, Application of remote sensing and GIS in urban land
suitability modeling at parcel level using multi-criteria decision analysis.
 NUIS manual, ISO 9001 -2000.

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