Articles in-english-grammar

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Articles
(Članovi)

Types of Articles

-There are 2 types of -Postoje 2 vrste člana:
articles: indefinite neodređeni (a/an) i
(a/an) and definite određeni (the).
(the). -Takođe, kada ne
-Also, when we do not koristimo nijedan član,
use any articles at all, odnosićemo se prema
we will refer to it as a tome kao prema nultom
zero article (Ø) . članu (Ø).

The indefinite article ( a/an )
 A/an is a short
form of one or a dog Ø dogs
any, which
suggests that we
can use it only
with countable
singular nouns.
 For example: a
dog, a car, NOT:
a dogs!

The indefinite article ( a/an )
 Golden rule
number 1: Never use a kangaroo Ø kangaroos
a countable
singular noun
without an article!
(NOT: I saw Ø
kangaroo in the zoo.
CORRECT: a
kangaroo)
 Golden rule
number 2: Never use
plural nouns with
indefinite articles!
(NOT: I saw a
kangaroos in the
zoo(?!?). CORRECT:
Ø kangaroos).

Golden rule number 3!

 Use a before nouns a book
beginning with
consonants (for
example: a book, a a cup
cup, a picture)
 Use an before nouns
beginning with vowels an apple
(for example: an
apple, an orange, an
egg). an orange


Golden rule number 4!
 We use the an architect
indefinite article
when we
describe people’s
professions.
 For example: My
brother is an an engineer
architect; his
sister is an
engineer.

First/ second mention
 We use the indefinite article when we
do not know which one. For
example: Give me a chair! (I need any
chair, or one chair, I’m not interested in
any particular chair.) If we say, for
example, Give me the chair!, it means
that I know exactly which chair I need.
 We use the indefinite article when we
introduce a noun into a context for the
first time, that is, that noun is not
mentioned before. (for example: A
man came to my office.) If we continue
talking about the man, we will use the:
The man was looking for you.)


1) The zero article (Ø)
• We do not use indefinite articles
with uncountable nouns (examples
of uncountable nouns: water, sand,
money, rice etc.) So, we do NOT
say: I eat a rice every day (?!?).
CORRECT: I eat rice every day.

• We do not use any articles when
we talk about things in general.
For example: People like Ø music.


2)The zero article (Ø)
•We do not use articles when we
talk about languages. For example:
I like English and French. BUT we
say: the English language, the
French language.

•We do not need articles when we
talk about magazines. For example:
My sister likes reading Ø
Cosmopolitan. BUT newspapers
take the. For example: My uncle
reads the Times every morning.


 When we talk about meals we do not
use articles: What did you have for Ø
lunch?
 We do NOT use articles with the names
of countries, continents, cities ,
states, mountains and lakes ! For
example: Serbia (NOT: the Serbia),
Asia (NOT: the Asia), Berlin (NOT: the
Berlin), Idaho (NOT: the Idaho), Everest
(NOT: the Everest), Michigan (NOT: the
Michigan).
 We do NOT use articles with names
of people and places/regions ! For
example: Catherine (NOT: the
Catherine), Central Europe (NOT: the
Central Europe)

 We do not use articles with names
of streets, roads, squares and
parks . For example: Oxford Street
(NOT: the Oxford Street), Victoria
Road (NOT: the Victoria Road),
Trafalgar Square (NOT: the
Trafalgar Square), Hyde Park
(NOT: the Hyde Park).
 We do not use articles with the
names of shops and
restaurants . For example:
Harrods (NOT: the Harrods),
McDonalds (NOT: the McDonalds)

The definite article (the)

 To begin with, the is the Answer the
short form of this/that or phone
these/those.
 We use the with both
countable and uncountable
nouns, both singular and
plural forms, when
everybody knows which
noun we are referring to!
(For example: Will you,
please, answer the phone?)


 We use the when Can I take the bag in the
the noun is defined middle?
by a phrase that
follows. For
example: Can I take
the sports bag in
the middle?
 We use the with OF The roof of the house is
phrases. For double-slope.
example: The
beginning of the
month was very
difficult. Or: the
roof of the house

 We use the when we talk the guitar
about inventions and
musical instruments:
Who invented the
telephone? The guitar is
my favorite instrument.
 We use the with
theatres, cinemas,
hotels, galleries, the Odeon cinema
museums: the Palace
theatre; the Odeon
Cinema; the Hilton hotel;
the Tate gallery; the
British museum, etc.

 We use the when we The map of the Czech Republic
talk about republics
and kingdoms. For
example: the
Dominican Republic,
the United Kingdom,
etc.
The Simpsons
 We use the when we
use plural names: I
like to watch the
Simpsons. She lives in
the States.

 We use the with The Alps
mountain ranges (BUT: we
do not use the in front of
mountains!), for example:
the Alps, BUT: Ø Old
mountain.
 We use the with the
names of oceans, seas,
rivers and canals (all
water areas except The Moscow river
lakes!). For example: the
Atlantic Ocean, the Black
Sea, the Danube, the
Suez Canal, BUT: Ø Lake
Ohrid.

Let’s exercise!


Put in a/an, the or Ø where necessary:
 1. I want ____ apple from that basket.
 2. ____ church on the corner is progressive.
 3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.
 4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and
pens.
 5. One of the students said, "____ professor is late
today."
 6. I bought ____ umbrella to go out in the rain.
 7. My daughter is learning to play ____ violin at her
school.
 8. Please give me ____ cake that is on the table.
 9. I lived on ____ Main Street when I first came to town.
 10. Belgrade is ____ capital of ____ Serbia.
 11. Our neighbors have ____ cat and ____ dog. ____ dog
is very friendly but ____ cat doesn't like company.

1. ___ pasta we had for dinner last night was
excellent.
2. Jack is wearing ___ pullover today.
3. Maria likes ____ music.
4. ___ brown cap over there belongs to Mark.
5. My grandfather had ___ long life.
6. That book is about ___ life of ___ Helen Keller.
7. Tommy wants to be ___ tourist guide when he
grows up.
8. ___ people wear ___ jewelry to make themselves
more attractive.
9. ___ telegraph was a very important invention.
10. Do you know ___ people in ___ next house?

 1. Albert Einstein was __ famous scientist.
 2. Einstein was born in __ Germany in 1879.
 3. Einstein won __ Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
 4. Einstein left his country and lived in __ States until he died in 1955.
 5. Einstein is known for his theory of __ relativity.
 6. __ German physicist, who discovered X-rays in 1895, was named
Wilhelm Roentgen.
 7. Roentgen won __ 1901 Nobel Prize.
 8. Mandela was born in __ South Africa.
 9. Mandela was __ first President elected in South Africa after
Apartheid was abolished.
 10. Mandela was imprisoned for __ nearly 30 years for his anti-
apartheid activities.
 11. Mother Teresa was __ Roman Catholic nun.
 12. Mother Teresa became famous for her hard work with __ poor.
 13. She was __ founder of order of nuns called the Missionaries of
Charity.
 14. Mother Teresa lived in __ Calcutta, India.

*apartheid –n. = segregated political system in South Africa (aparthejd)
–

 1) My grandmother likes ____ flowers very much.
 2) I love ____ flowers in your garden.
 3) Emily needs ____ new desk in her room.
 4) Peter has ____ aunt in Berlin.
 5) I always listen to _____ radio in the morning.
 6) Alex goes to work by _____ bus.
 7) Don't be late for _____ school.
 8) Listen! Dennis is playing _____ trumpet.
 9) She has never been to _____ Alps before.
 10) What about going to ____ Australia in February?
 11) The speed of this car was 160 miles ____ hour.
 12) There was ____ man this morning looking for you.
____ man was very polite.

 1) This is ____ expensive bike.
 2) ____ Mount Everest is ____ highest mountain on
earth.
 3) She's reading ____ old comic.
 4) We are listening to ____ English CD.
 5) ____ most children like ____ sweets.
 6) _____ summer of 1996 was hot and dry.
 7) She has ____ exercise book in her school bag.
 8) Our friends, ___ Millers, moved to _____Florida last
August.
 9) ____ smog is ____ problem in _____ big cities.
 10) My brother is ____ honest person.

Hi John,

I arrived in ___ USA last Monday. We left ___ Rome,
flew over ___ Alps and made a quick stop in ___ London.
There we went shopping in ___ Harrods, visited ___
Tower and enjoyed a sunny afternoon in ___ Hyde Park.
On the following day we left for ___ New York. ___ time
on board wasn't boring as there were two films to watch
on ____ monitor. ___ people on ___ plane were all
Italian. Before we landed at JFK airport, we saw ____
Statue of Liberty and ___ Empire State Building. ____
hotel I stayed in was on ____ corner of ____ 42nd
Street. I don't like ____ hotels very much, but I didn't
have time to rent ___ apartment.

Please say hello to Peter and Mandy.
Yours,
Peter


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