American Society of Civil Engineers
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
2010
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ASCE/SEI 7-10
1. Minimum Design
Loads for Buildings
and Other Structures
This document uses both the
International System of Units (SI)
and customary units
A S C E S TA N D A R D
ASCE/SEI
7–10
2. A S C E S TA N D A R D ASCE/SEI 7-10
American Society of Civil Engineers
Minimum Design Loads
for Buildings and
Other Structures
This document uses both the International System of Units (SI)
and customary units.
4. iii
STANDARDS
In 2003, the Board of Direction approved the revision
to the ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to
govern the writing and maintenance of standards
developed by the Society. All such standards are
developed by a consensus standards process managed
by the Society’s Codes and Standards Committee
(CSC). The consensus process includes balloting by
a balanced standards committee made up of Society
members and nonmembers, balloting by the member-
ship of the Society as a whole, and balloting by the
public. All standards are updated or reaffirmed by the
same process at intervals not exceeding five years.
The following standards have been issued:
ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and
Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth
Structures
ASCE/EWRI 2-06 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer
in Clean Water
ANSI/ASCE 3-91 Standard for the Structural Design
of Composite Slabs and ANSI/ASCE 9-91
Standard Practice for the Construction and
Inspection of Composite Slabs
ASCE 4-98 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related
Nuclear Structures
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
(ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02) and
Specifications for Masonry Structures (ACI
530.1-02/ASCE 6-02/TMS 602-02)
ASCE/SEI 7-10 Minimum Design Loads for
Buildings and Other Structures
SEI/ASCE 8-02 Standard Specification for the Design
of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural
Members
ANSI/ASCE 9-91 listed with ASCE 3-91
ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission
Structures
SEI/ASCE 11-99 Guideline for Structural Condition
Assessment of Existing Buildings
ASCE/EWRI 12-05 Guideline for the Design of
Urban Subsurface Drainage
ASCE/EWRI 13-05 Standard Guidelines for
Installation of Urban Subsurface Drainage
ASCE/EWRI 14-05 Standard Guidelines for
Operation and Maintenance of Urban Subsurface
Drainage
ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of
Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard
Installations (SIDD)
ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load Resistance Factor
Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood
Construction
ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported Structures
ASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process
Oxygen Transfer Testing
ASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables
for Buildings
ASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and
Installation of Pile Foundations
ANSI/ASCE/T&DI 21-05 Automated People Mover
Standards—Part 1
ANSI/ASCE/T&DI 21.2-08 Automated People Mover
Standards—Part 2
ANSI/ASCE/T&DI 21.3-08 Automated People Mover
Standards—Part 3
ANSI/ASCE/T&DI 21.4-08 Automated People Mover
Standards—Part 4
SEI/ASCE 23-97 Specification for Structural Steel
Beams with Web Openings
ASCE/SEI 24-05 Flood Resistant Design and
Construction
ASCE/SEI 25-06 Earthquake-Actuated Automatic Gas
Shutoff Devices
ASCE 26-97 Standard Practice for Design of Buried
Precast Concrete Box Sections
ASCE 27-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of
Precast Concrete Pipe for Jacking in Trenchless
Construction
ASCE 28-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of
Precast Concrete Box Sections for Jacking in
Trenchless Construction
ASCE/SEI/SFPE 29-05 Standard Calculation Methods
for Structural Fire Protection
SEI/ASCE 30-00 Guideline for Condition Assessment
of the Building Envelope
SEI/ASCE 31-03 Seismic Evaluation of Existing
Buildings
SEI/ASCE 32-01 Design and Construction of Frost-
Protected Shallow Foundations
EWRI/ASCE 33-01 Comprehensive Transboundary
International Water Quality Management
Agreement
5. iv
STANDARDS
EWRI/ASCE 34-01 Standard Guidelines for Artificial
Recharge of Ground Water
EWRI/ASCE 35-01 Guidelines for Quality Assurance
of Installed Fine-Pore Aeration Equipment
CI/ASCE 36-01 Standard Construction Guidelines for
Microtunneling
SEI/ASCE 37-02 Design Loads on Structures during
Construction
CI/ASCE 38-02 Standard Guideline for the Collection
and Depiction of Existing Subsurface Utility Data
EWRI/ASCE 39-03 Standard Practice for the Design
and Operation of Hail Suppression Projects
ASCE/EWRI 40-03 Regulated Riparian Model Water
Code
ASCE/SEI 41-06 Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing
Buildings
ASCE/EWRI 42-04 Standard Practice for the Design
and Operation of Precipitation Enhancement
Projects
ASCE/SEI 43-05 Seismic Design Criteria for
Structures, Systems, and Components in Nuclear
Facilities
ASCE/EWRI 44-05 Standard Practice for the Design
and Operation of Supercooled Fog Dispersal
Projects
ASCE/EWRI 45-05 Standard Guidelines for the
Design of Urban Stormwater Systems
ASCE/EWRI 46-05 Standard Guidelines for the
Installation of Urban Stormwater Systems
ASCE/EWRI 47-05 Standard Guidelines for the
Operation and Maintenance of Urban Stormwater
Systems
ASCE/SEI 48-05 Design of Steel Transmission Pole
Structures
ASCE/EWRI 50-08 Standard Guideline for Fitting
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Using
Probability Density Functions
ASCE/EWRI 51-08 Standard Guideline for
Calculating the Effective Saturated Hydraulic
Conductivity
ASCE/SEI 52-10 Design of Fiberglass-Reinforced
Plastic (FRP) Stacks
ASCE/G-I 53-10 Compaction Grouting Consensus
Guide
6. v
FOREWORD
The material presented in this standard has been
prepared in accordance with recognized engineering
principles. This standard should not be used without
first securing competent advice with respect to its
suitability for any given application. The publication
of the material contained herein is not intended as a
representation or warranty on the part of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, or of any other person
named herein, that this information is suitable for any
general or particular use or promises freedom from
infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making
use of this information assumes all liability from
such use.
In the margin of Chapters 1 through 23, a bar has
been placed to indicate a substantial technical revision
in the standard from the 2005 edition. Because of the
reorganization of the wind provisions, these bars are
not used in Chapters 26 through 31. Likewise, bars
are not used to indicate changes in any parts of the
Commentary.
8. vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
acknowledges the work of the Minimum Design
Loads on Buildings and Other Structures Standards
Committee of the Codes and Standards Activities
Division of the Structural Engineering Institute. This
group comprises individuals from many backgrounds,
including consulting engineering, research, construc-
tion industry, education, government, design, and
private practice.
This revision of the standard began in 2006 and
incorporates information as described in the
commentary.
This standard was prepared through the consensus
standards process by balloting in compliance with
procedures of ASCE’s Codes and Standards Activities
Committee. Those individuals who serve on the
Standards Committee are:
Voting Members
Donald Dusenberry, P.E., F.ASCE,
Chair
Robert E. Bachman, P.E.,
M.ASCE, Vice-Chair
James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE, Past-Chair
James G. Soules, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE, Secretary
James R. Cagley, P.E., M.ASCE
Dominic Campi, M.ASCE
Jay H. Crandell, P.E., M.ASCE
James M. Fisher, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Nathan C. Gould, P.E., M.ASCE
Lawrence G. Griffis, P.E., M.ASCE
Ronald O. Hamburger, P.E.
John D. Hooper, M.ASCE
Daniel G. Howell, P.E., M.ASCE
Richart Kahler, P.E., M.ASCE
John R. Kissell, P.E., M.ASCE
Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Robert B. Paullus Jr., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Timothy A. Reinhold, P.E.,
M.ASCE
John G. Tawresey, P.E., M.ASCE
Harry B. Thomas, P.E., M.ASCE
Thomas R. Tyson, P.E., M.ASCE
Peter J G. Willse, P.E., M.ASCE
Alan Carr
Majed A. Dabdoub
Mo A. Madani
Jonathan C. Siu, P.E., M.ASCE
Christos V. Tokas
Finley A. Charney, F.ASCE
Ronald A. Cook, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Bruce R. Ellingwood, Ph.D., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Theodore V. Galambos, Ph.D.,
P.E., NAE, Dist.M.ASCE
Robert D. Hanson, Ph.D., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Marc L. Levitan, A.M.ASCE
Timothy W. Mays, A.M.ASCE
Therese P. Mc Allister, P.E.
Michael O’Rourke, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., S.E.,
M.ASCE
David G. Brinker, P.E., M.ASCE
Bradford K. Douglas, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Gary J. Ehrlich, P.E., M.ASCE
Satyendra K. Ghosh, M.ASCE
Dennis W. Graber, P.E., L.S.,
M.ASCE
Kurt D. Gustafson, P.E., F.ASCE
Jason J. Krohn, P.E., M.ASCE
Bonnie E. Manley, P.E., M.ASCE
Joseph J. Messersmith Jr., P.E.,
M.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Thomas D. Skaggs, P.E., M.ASCE
Brian E. Trimble, P.E., M.ASCE
Eric H. Wey, P.E., M.ASCE
Distinguished Members
Jack E. Cermak, Ph.D., P.E., NAE,
Hon.M.ASCE
Gilliam S. Harris, P.E., F.ASCE
Nicholas Isyumov, P.E., F.ASCE
Kathleen F. Jones
Kishor C. Mehta, Ph.D., P.E.,
NAE, Dist.M.ASCE
Lawrence D. Reaveley, P.E., M.
ASCE
Emil Simiu, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Yi Kwei Wen, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Associate Members
Farid Alfawakhiri, P.E., M.ASCE
Leonel I. Almanzar, P.E., M.ASCE
Iyad M. Alsamsam, Ph.D., P.E.,
S.E., M.ASCE
Bibo Bahaa
Charles C. Baldwin, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Philip R. Brazil, S.E., M.ASCE
Ray A. Bucklin, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Alexander Bykovtsev, P.E.,
M.ASCE
James Carlson
Anthony C. Cerino, P.E.
Robert N. Chittenden, P.E., F.ASCE
Adam Cone, S.M.ASCE
William L. Coulbourne, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Charles B. Crouse, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Mukti L. Das, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Richard J. Davis, P.E., M.ASCE
Yong Deng, Ph.D., M.ASCE
David H. Devalve, P.E., M.ASCE
Ryan J. Dexter, P.E.
Richard M. Drake, S.E., M.ASCE
9. viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
John F. Duntemann, P.E., M.ASCE
Sam S. Eskildsen, A.M.ASCE
Mohammed M. Ettouney, M.ASCE
David A. Fanella, Ph.D., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Lawrence Fischer, P.E., M.ASCE
Donna L.R. Friis, P.E., M.ASCE
Amir S.J. Gilani, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
David E. Gloss, P.E., M.ASCE
Charles B. Goldsmith
David S. Gromala, P.E., M.ASCE
Reza Hassanli, S.M.ASCE
Todd R. Hawkinson, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Mark J. Henry, P.E., M.ASCE
Mark A. Hershberg, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Joseph R. Hetzel, P.E., M.ASCE
Thomas B. Higgins, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Xiapin Hua, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Mohammad Iqbal, Ph.D., P.E.,
S.E., F.ASCE
Christopher P. Jones, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Mohammad R. Karim
Volkan Kebeli, A.M.ASCE
Jon P. Kiland, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Lionel A. Lemay, P.E., M.ASCE
Philip Line, M.ASCE
Scott A. Lockyear, A.M.ASCE
John V. Loscheider, P.E., M.ASCE
David K. Low, P.E., M.ASCE
Mustafa A. Mahamid, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Lance Manuel, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE
Shalva M. Marjanishvili, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Andrew F. Martin, P.E., M.ASCE
Scott E. Maxwell, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Dennis McCreary, P.E., M.ASCE
Kevin Mcosker
J. S. Mitchell
Kit Miyamoto, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE
Rudy Mulia, P.E., M.ASCE
Javeed Munshi, P.E., M.ASCE
Frank A. Nadeau, M.ASCE
Joe N. Nunnery, P.E., M.ASCE
Robert F. Oleck Jr., P.E., M.ASCE
George N. Olive, M.ASCE
Frank K.H. Park, P.E., A.M.ASCE
Alan B. Peabody, P.E., M.ASCE
David Pierson, P.E., M.ASCE
David O. Prevatt, P.E., M.ASCE
James A. Rossberg, P.E., M.ASCE
Scott A. Russell, P.E., M.ASCE
Fahim Sadek, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Jerry R. Salmon, M.ASCE
Jeremy T. Salmon, A.M.ASCE
Phillip J. Samblanet, P.E., M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
Gary Searer
Thomas L. Smith
Jean Smith
Alexis Spyrou, P.E., M.ASCE
Theodore Stathopoulos, Ph.D.,
P.E., F.ASCE
David A. Steele, P.E., M.ASCE
Sayed Stoman, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Yelena K. Straight, A.M.ASCE
Lee Tedesco, Aff.M.ASCE
Jason J. Thompson
Mai Tong
David P. Tyree, P.E., M.ASCE
Victoria B. Valentine, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Miles E. Waltz, P.E., M.ASCE
Terence A. Weigel, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Peter Wrenn, P.E., M.ASCE
Tom C. Xia, P.E., M.ASCE
Bradley Young, M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Atmospheric
Ice Loads
Alan B. Peabody, P.E., M.ASCE,
Chair
Jamey M. Bertram, P.E., M.ASCE
David G. Brinker, P.E., M.ASCE
Joseph A. Catalano, A.M.ASCE
Maggie Emery
Karen Finstad
Asim K. Haldar
Kathleen F. Jones
Jack N. Lott
Lawrence M. Slavin, A.M.ASCE
Ronald M. Thorkildson, A.M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Dead and
Live Loads
Thomas R. Tyson, P.E., M.ASCE,
Chair
Adam W. Dayhoff, A.M.ASCE
John V. Loscheider, P.E., M.ASCE
Mustafa A. Mahamid, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Frank A. Nadeau, M.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
John G. Tawresey, P.E., M.ASCE
Harry B. Thomas, P.E., M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Flood Loads
Christopher P. Jones, P.E., M.
ASCE, Chair
Subcommittee for General
Structural Requirements
Ronald O. Hamburger, P.E., Chair
Farid Alfawakhiri, P.E., M.ASCE
Iyad M. Alsamsam, Ph.D., P.E.,
S.E., M.ASCE
Philip R. Brazil, S.E., M.ASCE
Dominic Campi, M.ASCE
Theodore V. Galambos, Ph.D.,
P.E., NAE, Dist.M.ASCE
Satyendra K. Ghosh, M.ASCE
Nathan C. Gould, P.E., M.ASCE
James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Todd R. Hawkinson, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Thomas F. Heausler, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Jason J. Krohn, P.E., M.ASCE
Philip Line, M.ASCE
Timothy W. Mays, A.M.ASCE
Therese P. Mc Allister, P.E.
Brian J. Meacham
Timothy A. Reinhold, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Jonathan C. Siu, P.E., M.ASCE
James G. Soules, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Peter J. Vickery, M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Seismic Loads
John D. Hooper, M.ASCE, Chair
Dennis A. Alvarez, P.E., M.ASCE
Victor D. Azzi, P.E., M.ASCE
Robert E. Bachman, P.E., M.ASCE
David R. Bonneville, M.ASCE
Philip R. Brazil, S.E., M.ASCE
Philip Caldwell
10. ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dominic Campi, M.ASCE
James A. Carlson
Finley A. Charney, F.ASCE
Robert N. Chittenden, P.E.,
F.ASCE
Charles B. Crouse, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Bradford K. Douglas, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Satyendra K. Ghosh, M.ASCE
John D. Gillengerten
Nathan C. Gould, P.E., M.ASCE
Ronald O. Hamburger, P.E.
Robert D. Hanson, Ph.D., P.E.,
F.ASCE
James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
John L. Harris III, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Ronald W. Haupt, P.E., M.ASCE
Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Thomas F. Heausler, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Douglas G. Honegger, M.ASCE
Y. Henry Huang, P.E., M.ASCE
William V. Joerger, M.ASCE
Martin W. Johnson, P.E., M.ASCE
Richart Kahler, P.E., M.ASCE
Dominic J. Kelly, P.E., M.ASCE
Jon P. Kiland, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Charles A. Kircher, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Vladimir G. Kochkin, A.M.ASCE
James S. Lai, P.E., F.ASCE
Edgar V. Leyendecker
Philip Line, M.ASCE
John V. Loscheider, P.E., M.ASCE
Nicolas Luco, A.M.ASCE
Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Bonnie E. Manley, P.E., M.ASCE
Igor Marinovic, P.E., M.ASCE
Scott E. Maxwell, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Kit Miyamoto, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE
Rudy Mulia, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Bernard F. Murphy, P.E., M.ASCE
Frank A. Nadeau, M.ASCE
Corey D. Norris, P.E., M.ASCE
Robert B. Paullus Jr., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Robert G. Pekelnicky, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Maurice S. Power, M.ASCE
James A. Rossberg, P.E., M.ASCE
Rafael G. Sabelli, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Phillip J. Samblanet, P.E.,
M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
John F. Silva, S.E., M.ASCE
Jonathan C. Siu, P.E., M.ASCE
Jean Smith
James G. Soules, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Harold O. Sprague Jr., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Bill Staehlin
Sayed Stoman, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Jason J. Thompson
Christos V. Tokas
Mai Tong
Victoria B. Valentine, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Miroslav Vejvoda, P.E., F.ASCE
Miles E. Waltz, P.E., M.ASCE
Eric H. Wey, P.E., M.ASCE
Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Ben Yousefi, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on
Ground Motions
Charles B. Crouse, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE, Chair
Robert E. Bachman, P.E., M.ASCE
Finley A. Charney, F.ASCE
Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D., M.ASCE
John D. Hooper, M.ASCE
Edgar V. Leyendecker
Nicolas Luco, A.M.ASCE
Maurice S. Power, M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on
General Provisions
Jon P. Kiland, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE,
Chair
Robert E. Bachman, P.E.,
M.ASCE
David R. Bonneville, M.ASCE
Philip R. Brazil, S.E., M.ASCE
Dominic Campi, M.ASCE
Finley A. Charney, F.ASCE
Satyendra K. Ghosh, M.ASCE
John D. Gillengerten
Nathan C. Gould, P.E., M.ASCE
Ronald O. Hamburger, P.E.
James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
John L. Harris III, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
John R. Hayes Jr., Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Thomas F. Heausler, P.E.,
M.ASCE
John D. Hooper, M.ASCE
Martin W. Johnson, P.E., M.ASCE
Dominic J. Kelly, P.E., M.ASCE
Ryan A. Kersting, A.M.ASCE
Philip Line, M.ASCE
Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Bonnie E. Manley, P.E., M.ASCE
Kit Miyamoto, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE
Rudy Mulia, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Robert G. Pekelnicky, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Rafael G. Sabelli, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
Eric H. Wey, P.E., M.ASCE
Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Ben Yousefi, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on
Foundations / Site Conditions
Martin W. Johnson, P.E., M.ASCE,
Chair
Robert N. Chittenden, P.E., F.
ASCE
Charles B. Crouse, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Dominic J. Kelly, P.E., M.ASCE
Maurice S. Power, M.ASCE
Eric H. Wey, P.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee
on Concrete
Neil M. Hawkins, Ph.D., M.ASCE,
Chair
11. x
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Satyendra K. Ghosh, M.ASCE
John R. Hayes Jr., Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Jon P. Kiland, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
John F. Silva, S.E., M.ASCE
Miroslav Vejvoda, P.E., F.ASCE
Ben Yousefi, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee
on Masonry
Jason J. Thompson, Chair
Robert N. Chittenden, P.E., F.ASCE
Jon P. Kiland, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on Steel &
Composite Structures
Rafael G. Sabelli, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE, Chair
Thomas F. Heausler, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Bonnie E. Manley, P.E., M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on Wood
Philip Line, M.ASCE, Chair
Philip R. Brazil, S.E., M.ASCE
Robert N. Chittenden, P.E.,
F.ASCE
Bradford K. Douglas, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Vladimir G. Kochkin, A.M.ASCE
Bonnie E. Manley, P.E., M.ASCE
Jonathan C. Siu, P.E., M.ASCE
Miles E. Waltz, P.E., M.ASCE
Ben Yousefi, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on
Non-Structural Components
John F. Silva, S.E., M.ASCE,
Chair
Dennis A. Alvarez, P.E., M.ASCE
Robert E. Bachman, P.E., M.ASCE
David R. Bonneville, M.ASCE
Philip J. Caldwell, A.M.ASCE
James Carlson
John D. Gillengerten
Nathan C. Gould, P.E., M.ASCE
Ronald W. Haupt, P.E., M.ASCE
Thomas F. Heausler, P.E., M.ASCE
Douglas G. Honegger, M.ASCE
Francis E. Jehrio
William V. Joerger, M.ASCE
Richard Lloyd, A.M.ASCE
Michael Mahoney
Kit Miyamoto, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE
Rudy Mulia, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
Jean Smith
James G. Soules, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Harold O. Sprague Jr., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Bill Staehlin
Chris Tokas
Victoria B. Valentine, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Eric H. Wey, P.E., M.ASCE
Paul R. Wilson, P.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on
Administrative and QA Provisions
Jonathan C. Siu, P.E., M.ASCE,
Chair
Robert E. Bachman, P.E., M.ASCE
Philip R. Brazil, S.E., M.ASCE
John D. Hooper, M.ASCE
Jon P. Kiland, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Robert G. Pekelnicky, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
John F. Silva, S.E., M.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on Seismic
Isolation and Damping
Andrew S. Whittaker, Ph.D., S.E.,
M.ASCE, Chair
Robert E. Bachman, P.E., M.ASCE
Finley A. Charney, F.ASCE
Robert D. Hanson, Ph.D., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Martin W. Johnson, P.E., M.ASCE
Charles A. Kircher, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Kit Miyamoto, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE
Seismic Task Committee on
Non-Building Structures
James G. Soules, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE, Chair
Victor D. Azzi, P.E., M.ASCE
Robert E. Bachman, P.E., M.ASCE
Philip J. Caldwell, A.M.ASCE
Charles B. Crouse, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Ronald W. Haupt, P.E., M.ASCE
Thomas F. Heausler, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Douglas G. Honegger, M.ASCE
Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Rudy Mulia, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
William Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
John F. Silva, S.E., M.ASCE
Harold O. Sprague Jr., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Sayed Stoman, P.E., S.E., M.ASCE
Eric H. Wey, P.E., M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Snow and
Rain Loads
Michael O’Rourke, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE, Chair
Timothy J. Allison, A.M.ASCE
John Cocca, A.M.ASCE
Bradford K. Douglas, P.E.,
M.ASCE
John F. Duntemann, P.E., M.ASCE
Gary J. Ehrlich, P.E., M.ASCE
James M. Fisher, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Thomas B. Higgins, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Daniel G. Howell, P.E., M.ASCE
Nicholas Isyumov, P.E., F.ASCE
Scott A. Lockyear, A.M.ASCE
Ian Mackinlay, Aff.M.ASCE
Joe N. Nunnery, P.E., M.ASCE
George N. Olive, M.ASCE
Michael F. Pacey, P.E., M.ASCE
David B. Peraza, P.E., M.ASCE
Mark K. Radmaker, P.E.
Scott A. Russell, P.E., M.ASCE
Ronald L. Sack, Ph.D., P.E.,
F.ASCE
Joseph D. Scholze, P.E., M.ASCE
Gary L. Schumacher, P.E.,
M.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
12. xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Daniel J. Walker, P.E., M.ASCE
Peter Wrenn, P.E., M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Strength Criteria
Bruce R. Ellingwood, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE, Chair
Therese P. McAllister, P.E.
Iyad M. Alsamsam, Ph.D., P.E.,
S.E., M.ASCE
Charles C. Baldwin, P.E., M.ASCE
Theodore V. Galambos, Ph.D.,
P.E., NAE, Dist.M.ASCE
David S. Gromala, P.E., M.ASCE
Ronald O. Hamburger, P.E.
James R. Harris, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Nestor R. Iwankiw, P.E., M.ASCE
John V. Loscheider, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Sanjeev R. Malushte, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Clarkson W. Pinkham, P.E.,
F.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
James G. Soules, P.E., S.E.,
F.ASCE
Jason J. Thompson
Yi Kwei Wen, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Subcommittee on Wind Loads
Voting Members
Ronald A. Cook, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE, Chair
Gary Y.K. Chock, M.ASCE
Jay H. Crandell, P.E., M.ASCE
Bradford K. Douglas, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Charles Everly, P.E., CBO
Charles B. Goldsmith
Dennis W. Graber, P.E., L.S.,
M.ASCE
Lawrence G. Griffis, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Gilliam S. Harris, P.E., F.ASCE
Peter A. Irwin, Ph.D., P.Eng,
F.ASCE
Ahsan Kareem, Ph.D., M.ASCE
Marc L. Levitan, A.M.ASCE
Mo A.F. Madani
Joseph J. Messersmith Jr., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Jon A. Peterka, P.E., M.ASCE
Timothy A. Reinhold, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Donald R. Scott, P.E., M.ASCE
Emil Simiu, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Douglas A. Smith, P.E., M.ASCE
Thomas L. Smith
Thomas E. Stafford
Theodore Stathopoulos, Ph.D.,
P.E., F.ASCE
Peter J. Vickery, M.ASCE
Robert J. Wills, P.E., M.ASCE
Associate Members
Timothy J. Allison, A.M.ASCE
Roberto H. Behncke, Aff.M.ASCE
Daryl W. Boggs, P.E., M.ASCE
William L. Coulbourne, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Richard J. Davis, P.E., M.ASCE
Joffrey Easley, P.E., M.ASCE
Gary J. Ehrlich, P.E., M.ASCE
Donna L.R. Friis, P.E., M.ASCE
Jon K. Galsworthy, P.E., M.ASCE
Gerald L. Hatch, P.E., L.S.,
M.ASCE
Mark J. Henry, P.E., M.ASCE
Joseph R. Hetzel, P.E., M.ASCE
Thomas B. Higgins, P.E., S.E.,
M.ASCE
Nicholas Isyumov, P.E., F.ASCE
Anurag Jain, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE
Edward L. Keith, P.E., M.ASCE
Robert Konz, P.E., M.ASCE
Edward M. Laatsch, P.E., M.ASCE
Philip Line, M.ASCE
Scott A. Lockyear, A.M.ASCE
John V. Loscheider, P.E., M.ASCE
Andrew F. Martin, P.E., M.ASCE
Patrick W. McCarthy, P.E.,
M.ASCE
Kishor C. Mehta, Ph.D., P.E.,
NAE, Dist.M.ASCE
George N. Olive, M.ASCE
Robert B. Paullus Jr., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Rick Perry
William C. Rosencutter, P.E.,
M.ASCE
William L. Shoemaker, Ph.D., P.E.,
M.ASCE
Peter J G. Willse, P.E., M.ASCE
Tom C. Xia, P.E., M.ASCE
14. xiii
DEDICATION
Thomas R. Tyson, P.E., S.E.
The members of the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures Standards
Committee of the Structural Engineering Institute respectfully dedicate this Standard in the
memory of Thomas R. Tyson, P.E., S.E., who passed away on December 19, 2009.
His structural engineering expertise complemented his dedication to our profession, and these
qualities guided the members of the Live Load Subcommittee, which he chaired during the prepara-
tion of this Standard. His practical advice, quick smile, and good nature will be greatly missed.