Avoidance of waste and recycling of construction and demolition waste

AVOIDANCE OF WASTE
AND RECYCLING OF
CONSTRUCTION AND
DEMOLITION WASTE
Dr K M SONI, Chief Engineer, WZ-I CPWD, Mumbai

C & D WASTE
 Construction and Demolition (C & D) waste is
the waste generated from construction or
demolition activities of civil engineering
structures. Such waste is generated from;
 Roads,
 Footpaths,
 Buildings,
 Bridges,
 Flyovers,
 Dams, and
 Other similar civil engineering structures.

C & D WASTE MATERIALS
It consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable
materials such as;
 Bricks, stones, aggregates,
 Concrete,
 Aluminium, steel,
 Tiles, ceramic materials
 Wood,
 Plastic,
 Electric wiring,
 Glass, and
 Many more similar materials. These waste
materials are mostly heavy having high density
compared to municipal waste.

Preferred management of C & D waste

C & D waste in some other
countries
 Scotland, Denmark,
Netherlands, US,
Japan, Singapore,
Hongkong and
many other
countries are
recycling C & D
Waste.
 ‘Deconstruction’ is
preferred in place of
‘demolition’.
Deconstruction
means planned
breaking of a
building with reuse

Factors affecting use of recycled
materials
 Promoting separation of C&D waste at
source
 Promoting recycling
 Ban on land filling of C&D waste
 Developing market for recycled products
like for production of materials like
recycled bricks and paving blocks
 Guidelines for using C&D waste
 Developing designs which facilitate
“deconstruction” instead of outright
“demolition”

Green building concept
 Reuse and
recycle

Prevention is most favoured
option so prevent wastage

We, in the country, do not
prevent waste

Many other materials
 10 litres or 2.6 gallons of water cumulatively to
produce one sheet of A4 (8.5″ x 11″) paper.
 Meat production requires a much higher
amount of water than vegetables. IME state
that to produce 1kg of meat requires between
5,000 and 20,000 litres of water whereas to
produce 1kg of wheat requires between 500
and 4,000 litres of water.
 Chocolate tops the list with 17,196 litres of
water need to produce 1kg of the product.
 1kg of potatoes for example uses 287 litres of
water.

Demolition
Wastage of C & D waste

1. New construction
• Wastage during construction
• Wastage due to poor
construction
2. Reconstruction
3. Repair and Renovation
4. Demolition
SOURCES OF C & D Waste

C & D due to poor
construction in New
construction
 Non engineered sub standard
construction
 Sub standard and poor quality
construction even by the
engineers
 Unsafe construction
 Change of policies

Is it due to completion of lif
of structures?

Whether these
structures will
have prescribed
useful life?

Whether these
structures
will have prescribed
useful life?

Whether these
structures
will have
prescribed
useful life?

Waste is created from non engineered
poor quality construction

Change of policies
Leads to demolition of
existing structures

PREVENTION OF C & D
WASTE
 C & D waste is generated or
created ?
 If so, can we prevent it?
 Probably Yes, if we adopt quality in
construction and maintenance.
And
LET US NOT CREATE C& D
WASTE AS REUSE, RECYCLE,
AND DUMPING IS VERY COSTLY

C & D due to Repair and
Renovation
 Repair
 Replacement due to completion of life
cycle of materials
 Change of lifestyle
 Mindset
 To utilize funds

Poor quality of construction and maintenance

Renovation without
completion of life of
building components
Due to change of
lifestyle

Renovation is done
On change of tenancy

MINIMISE C & D WASTE
 FOLLOW STANDARDISATION FOR SOME
OF THE FEATURES LIKE BOUNDARY
WALL, FOOTPATHS, ELEVATION OF
STRUCTURES IN PARTICULAR LOCALITY
 FOLLOW DURABILITY AS CRITERIA FOR
SELECTION OF MATERIALS RATHER
MINIMUM CRITERIA
 CLASSIFY STREETS, ROADS WHICH CAN
BE MADE RIGID AND FLEXIBLE
 USE CONCEPT OF TRENCHES OF UTILITY
SERVICES

Maintenance
 Maintenance is not considered engineering
in India and is a major source of poor
quality and creation of C & D waste
 Maintenance is not carried out in integrated
manner
 Let us switch over to maintenance free
(minimum maintenance) structures

Renovation
 In government organisations, particularly
higher type of quarters are renovated
frequently generating considerable C & D
waste
 Rich people renovate their houses frequently
generating considerable C & D waste
 Housing societies, Authorities, boards should
provide options of various finishes to the
allottees.
 Excess money plays a considerable role in
renovation of flats and generation of C & D
waste
 Approvals may be made mandatory for
renovation and Charge for C & D waste

 Created C & D waste is cause of great
concern and need to be stopped by
adopting quality in construction and
maintenance
 We need to create quality in planning and
change concept by offering various
finishes to users for minimising creation of
C & D waste
 Change in planning say additional FAR/FSI
to be adopted on completion of economic
life of structures

Reuse and Recycle
 Use Green Building Concept
 Recycle methods for roads, footpaths and
other structures

Why C & D Waste
Management ?
 To save natural
resources
 To save energy
 To save water
 To save land
 To save
environment

Basis of C & D Waste
Management Plan
 Prevention or avoidance
by adopting “quality” &
permanent finishes
 Reduction or minimisation
by adopting integrated
trenches for utility
services and avoiding
renovation without
completion of economic
life
 Reuse by adopting
deconstruction techniques
 Recycling or materials
recovery
 Energy recovery

The construction and demolition waste recycling
plant in Burari, where tiles are made from
crushed debris.

Rules, guidelines and
standards
 Maharashtra has notified the “Maharashtra
Non-Biodegradable Solid Waste (Proper
Scientific Collection, Sorting and Disposal in
Areas of the Municipal Corporation) Rules,
2006”wherein reuse of this waste is included
in the action plan. The Action Plan prescribes
separate collection and disposal of debris and
bulk waste.
 Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
notified the “Construction, Demolition and De-
silting waste (Management and Disposal)
Rules”. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi
has carried out a feasibility study on use of
C&D waste in road and embankment
construction.

Management Plan of C&D
Waste- I (collection)
 Segregation at source
 Provide separate dust bins at source
 Provide dumping yards for C & D waste
 Ban on dumping of C&D waste in landfill
sites
 Co-ordinate with nearby corporations for
ban on dumping C&D waste
 Collection of C & D waste like MSW

Management Plan of C&D Waste
– II (Avoidance generation)
 Construction of trenches for utility services
either by corporation or on PPP/BOT mode
 Trenches will be constructed and maintained
by a single agency
 All new services would be necessarily laid by
the agency through trenches
 Agency will sublet the space for laying the
utility services
 Rates of laying the services will be decided by
the corporations

Waste – III (Reuse and
Recycling) Construction of Foot paths and Roads
 Concept of rigid pavements for streets, Roads
and flexible surface roads.
 For footpaths , precast technology should be
adopted
 Even for roads and streets, precast
technology should be adopted for speedy
construction and less generation of waste in
future.
 In construction of roads, recycling should be
given priority

Waste – IV (Quality)
 There should be standard norms for
construction of permanent structures (even
gates) in green areas/parks.
 There should be norms of prescribed life for
replacement/renovation of
roads/paths/footpaths.
 There should be standard
norms/specifications for
footpaths/separators etc.
 Comprehensive repair and maintenance of
footpaths for longer duration such as 3-5

Management Plan of C&D Waste – V
(Appropriate utilisation of funds to
avoid generation of C & D Waste)
 MPLAD/MLA funds should be allowed to be utilised
for major works in Delhi/N Delhi such as for creating
parking spaces, construction of toilets near public
places like bus stands, markets, repair/renovation of
community centres, schools, etc. (need based)
 For new materials and technologies, schedule of
rates be developed and updated frequently
 Mindset of minimum specifications should be
stopped for durability concept so that engineers are
not harassed by the audit/vigilance authorities

Waste –VI (Promotion)
 Promotion of use of materials
manufactured from C & D waste by
government agencies
 Promotion of technology by extending
concessions say on taxes, etc.
 Ensure availability of recycled materials at
competitive rates

Avoidance of waste and recycling of construction and demolition waste

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