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Bacteria diversity desulfovibrio

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Desulfovibrio are sulfate-reducing bacteria that use sulfate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration. They are curved rod-shaped, gram-negative bacteria found in organic-rich anoxic environments. Desulfovibrio reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide during metabolism, which can be used to precipitate heavy metals and aid in bioremediation of wastewater.

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Desulfovibrio
Taxonomy • Domain: Eubacteria • Phylum: Proteobacteria (purple bacteria) • Class: δ-Proteobacteria • Order: Desulfavibrionales • Family: Desulfovibrionaceae • Genus: Desulfovibrio
Representative species www.deskuenvis.nic.in D. vulgaris http://n-equals-one.com D. desulfuricans
Morphology • Colonies ▫ Pink or peach colored • Cells ▫ Dimensions: 2.5-10 µm long × 0.5-1.5 µm wide ▫ Gram negative ▫ Shape: Curved rods (vibrio)
Physiology • Non-spore forming • Mesophilic • Motility ▫ Motile ▫ Polar flagella  Mono- or lophotrichous • Produces black precipitate throughout SIM tube
Metabolism • Either Chemoorganoheterotrophic or Chemolithoautotrophic • Strict anaerobes ▫ some strains are shown to be aerotolerant • Anaerobic Respiration or Fermentation • Carbon sources: ▫ acetate, formate, lactate, pyruvate, CO2, other organic compounds (eg. crude oil components)
Metabolism • Electron donors: ▫ formate, lactate, pyruvate, acetate, iron, H2 • Electron acceptors: ▫ SO4 2- , other oxidized sulfur species, oxidized nitrogen species (eg. nitrate, nitrite) • Major products of metabolism: ▫ H2S
Global Sulfur Cycle
Habitat/Environmental adaptation • Found in organic-rich anoxic environments: ▫ Mud, sediment of polluted lakes ▫ Sewage lagoons and methane digesters (bioreactors) ▫ Waterlogged soils ▫ Oil fields
Bioremediation • Sewage, industrial wastewater, and mine drainage contain toxic heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn) • H2S produced by Desulfovibrio species removes heavy metals by precipitation • Used in toxic waste cleanup
Experiment • Measured the capacity of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans to precipitate heavy metals from wastewater • Organic dye production wastewater treated for 6 days with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in an anaerobic bioreactor had reduced heavy metal concentrations: ▫ [Zn2+] reduced by 97.53% ▫ [Ni2+] reduced by 98.96% ▫ [Cu2+] reduced by 85.42%
Negative effects • High [H2S] can kill local flora • Rotten egg smell • Corrosion of iron pipelines by reducing iron metal: Fe(s)  Fe2+ (aq)
Infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC156571/
Question What role does sulfate play in Desulfovibrio metabolism? A. sulfur source B. electron donor C. electron acceptor D. carbon source
References Cabrera, G., Pérez, R., Gomez, J. M., Abalos, A., & Cantero, D. (2006). Toxic effects of dissolved heavy metals on Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio sp. strains. Journal of hazardous materials, 135(1), 40-46. Desulfovibrio. (2006). In Dictionary of microbiology & molecular biology. Retrieved from http://proxy.iusb.edu:2443/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fproxy.iusb.edu%3A3194%2Fco ntent%2Fentry%2Fwileymicrob%2Fdesulfovibrio%2F0 Kosinska, K., Miskiewicz, T. (2012) Precipitation of heavy metals from industrial wastewater by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Environment Protection Engineering, 38, 51- 60. Voordouw, G. (1995). The genus Desulfovibrio: the centennial. Applied and environmental microbiology, 61(8), 2813. Wiley, J.M., Sherwood, L.M., Woolverton C.J. (2014). Prescott’s Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Magot M et al. (2004). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:1693-1697.

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Bacteria diversity desulfovibrio

  • 2. Taxonomy • Domain: Eubacteria • Phylum: Proteobacteria (purple bacteria) • Class: δ-Proteobacteria • Order: Desulfavibrionales • Family: Desulfovibrionaceae • Genus: Desulfovibrio
  • 4. Morphology • Colonies ▫ Pink or peach colored • Cells ▫ Dimensions: 2.5-10 µm long × 0.5-1.5 µm wide ▫ Gram negative ▫ Shape: Curved rods (vibrio)
  • 5. Physiology • Non-spore forming • Mesophilic • Motility ▫ Motile ▫ Polar flagella  Mono- or lophotrichous • Produces black precipitate throughout SIM tube
  • 6. Metabolism • Either Chemoorganoheterotrophic or Chemolithoautotrophic • Strict anaerobes ▫ some strains are shown to be aerotolerant • Anaerobic Respiration or Fermentation • Carbon sources: ▫ acetate, formate, lactate, pyruvate, CO2, other organic compounds (eg. crude oil components)
  • 7. Metabolism • Electron donors: ▫ formate, lactate, pyruvate, acetate, iron, H2 • Electron acceptors: ▫ SO4 2- , other oxidized sulfur species, oxidized nitrogen species (eg. nitrate, nitrite) • Major products of metabolism: ▫ H2S
  • 9. Habitat/Environmental adaptation • Found in organic-rich anoxic environments: ▫ Mud, sediment of polluted lakes ▫ Sewage lagoons and methane digesters (bioreactors) ▫ Waterlogged soils ▫ Oil fields
  • 10. Bioremediation • Sewage, industrial wastewater, and mine drainage contain toxic heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn) • H2S produced by Desulfovibrio species removes heavy metals by precipitation • Used in toxic waste cleanup
  • 11. Experiment • Measured the capacity of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans to precipitate heavy metals from wastewater • Organic dye production wastewater treated for 6 days with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in an anaerobic bioreactor had reduced heavy metal concentrations: ▫ [Zn2+] reduced by 97.53% ▫ [Ni2+] reduced by 98.96% ▫ [Cu2+] reduced by 85.42%
  • 12. Negative effects • High [H2S] can kill local flora • Rotten egg smell • Corrosion of iron pipelines by reducing iron metal: Fe(s)  Fe2+ (aq)
  • 14. Question What role does sulfate play in Desulfovibrio metabolism? A. sulfur source B. electron donor C. electron acceptor D. carbon source
  • 15. References Cabrera, G., Pérez, R., Gomez, J. M., Abalos, A., & Cantero, D. (2006). Toxic effects of dissolved heavy metals on Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio sp. strains. Journal of hazardous materials, 135(1), 40-46. Desulfovibrio. (2006). In Dictionary of microbiology & molecular biology. Retrieved from http://proxy.iusb.edu:2443/login?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fproxy.iusb.edu%3A3194%2Fco ntent%2Fentry%2Fwileymicrob%2Fdesulfovibrio%2F0 Kosinska, K., Miskiewicz, T. (2012) Precipitation of heavy metals from industrial wastewater by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. Environment Protection Engineering, 38, 51- 60. Voordouw, G. (1995). The genus Desulfovibrio: the centennial. Applied and environmental microbiology, 61(8), 2813. Wiley, J.M., Sherwood, L.M., Woolverton C.J. (2014). Prescott’s Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Magot M et al. (2004). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:1693-1697.

Editor's Notes

  1. Stephen
  2. Amber
  3. The high relevance of other isolates may indicate that it is an opprotunistic infection