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Biodiversity and Gree House Efffects

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nabeel mohd

The document discusses biodiversity and the greenhouse effect. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It also discusses threats to biodiversity like habitat loss. The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the lower atmosphere and warming the planet. Rising CO2 levels from human activities are enhancing the greenhouse effect and leading to climate change. In conclusion, biodiversity and the greenhouse effect are important natural processes, but human activities are negatively impacting biodiversity and strengthening the greenhouse effect.

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BIODIVERSITY AND GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS SUBMITTED BY NABEEL MUHAMMED N ROLL NO:35 ANEESALI M ROLL No:2 ATHUL DAS PK ROLL NO:19
BIODIVERSITY  Introduction of biodiversity  The term biodiversity  Concept and types of biodiversity  Biodiversity Hotspots  Benefits of biodiversity  Threats to biodiversity  Conservation of Biodiversity CONTENTS
 What is green house effect  Green house effects  Mechanism  Green house gases  Selected green house gases  How CO2 controls Green House effect  Conclusion  References GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
BIODIVERSITY
Introduction of Biodiversity  The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986.  The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of innumerable organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which constitute the vital life support for survival of human race.  Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent the sum total of various life forms such as unicellular fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and multi cellular organisms such as plants, fishes, and mammals at various biological levels including gens, habitats, and ecosystem .
The Term Biodiversity BIO:LIFE DIVERSITY:VARIETY
CONCEPT AND TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY  Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the essential interdependence of all living things.  As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De Jenerio (Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the ecological complexes of which the area part- this include diversity with in species, between species and of ecosystem.”  According to IUCN in 1998, “the variety and variability of species of their population, the variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the complex association with species with their interaction and their ecological process which influences perform.”
There are three types of biodiversity 1. Diversity of Species 2. Diversity of Ecosystem 3. Diversity of Genes
BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS  A region with high biodiversity with most of spices being Endemic.  India have two Biodiversity Hotspots- East Himalayan Region and Western Ghat.  25 major hotspots together represent 1.4 % of the earth's land area, they contain 44% of all plant species and 35% of all terrestrial vertebrate species in the world. No of Hotspots in India-3 1. Indo-Burma ( earlier Eastern Himalayas ) 2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. 3. Himalayas. (Newly added)
BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY Consumptive value:  Food/Drink  Fuel  Medicine  Batter crop varieties  Industrial Material Non-Consumptive Value:  Recreation  Education and Research  Traditional value
THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY Natural causes:  Narrow geographical area  Low population  Low breeding rate  Natural disasters Anthropogenic causes:  Habitat modification  Overexploitation of selected species  Innovation by exotic species  Pollution  Hunting  Global warming and climate change  Agriculture  Domino effect
Conservation of Biodiversity  Biodiversity inventories  Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats-  In situ conservation  Ex situ conservation  Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA Bank
 Restoration of Biodiversity  Imparting Environmental Education  Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental Legislation  Population Control  Reviewing the agriculture practice  Controlling Urbanization  Conservation through Biotechnology
Biodiversity Conservation In situ Sacred groves and lakes Biosphere Reserves Terrestrial Marine National parks, wildlife sanctuaries Ex situ Sacred plant home garden Seed Bank, Gene bank, Cryopreservation Botanical garden, Zoological garden, Aquaria
BIODIVERSITY AND GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS Green house Effect
What is Green House In the cold countries, vegetables and essential crops are produced in glass house which can hold the heat from sunlight and the atmosphere inside the glass house remains hot at night. This house is called green house.
Green House Effects  Earth’s atmosphere is slightly warmer than what it should be due to direct solar heating because of a mild case of Green House Effect. • The ground is heated by visible and (some) infrared light from the Sun. • The heated surface emits infrared light. • The majority of Earth’s atmosphere (N2 and O2) are not good greenhouse gas. • The small amount of greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2) traps (absorb and re-emit) the infrared radiation, increasing the temperature of the atmosphere
Biodiversity and Gree House Efffects
Mechanism 1. Shorter, high energy wavelengths hit the earths surface. 2. Incoming energy is converted to heat.
3. Longer, infrared wavelengths hit Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere. 4. Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere emit infrared radiation back towards earth.
Green House Gases
Selected Green House Gases Carbon Dioxide Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation . Anthropogenic increase: 30% Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years Methane Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from landfills, mining . Anthropogenic increase: 145% Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years Nitrous oxide Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Anthropogenic increase: 15%
How CO2 controls Green House effect  Carbonate minerals form in the oceans at a higher rate.  The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas increases, pulling CO2 out of the atmosphere.  The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a weakened greenhouse effect that counteracts the initial warming and cools the planet back down.  If earth cools a bit, Carbonate minerals form more slowly in the oceans.  The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas decreases, allowing the CO2 released by volcanism to build back up in the atmosphere.  The increased CO2 concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect and warms the planet back up.
CONCLUSION In short, biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable and the greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.
References  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity  https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity  http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/biodiversity  http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodiversity.htm  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect  https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse- effect.html  https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm  http://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html

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Biodiversity and Gree House Efffects

  • 1. BIODIVERSITY AND GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS SUBMITTED BY NABEEL MUHAMMED N ROLL NO:35 ANEESALI M ROLL No:2 ATHUL DAS PK ROLL NO:19
  • 2. BIODIVERSITY  Introduction of biodiversity  The term biodiversity  Concept and types of biodiversity  Biodiversity Hotspots  Benefits of biodiversity  Threats to biodiversity  Conservation of Biodiversity CONTENTS
  • 3.  What is green house effect  Green house effects  Mechanism  Green house gases  Selected green house gases  How CO2 controls Green House effect  Conclusion  References GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
  • 5. Introduction of Biodiversity  The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986.  The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of innumerable organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which constitute the vital life support for survival of human race.  Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent the sum total of various life forms such as unicellular fungi, protozoa, bacteria, and multi cellular organisms such as plants, fishes, and mammals at various biological levels including gens, habitats, and ecosystem .
  • 7. CONCEPT AND TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY  Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the essential interdependence of all living things.  As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De Jenerio (Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the ecological complexes of which the area part- this include diversity with in species, between species and of ecosystem.”  According to IUCN in 1998, “the variety and variability of species of their population, the variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the complex association with species with their interaction and their ecological process which influences perform.”
  • 8. There are three types of biodiversity 1. Diversity of Species 2. Diversity of Ecosystem 3. Diversity of Genes
  • 9. BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS  A region with high biodiversity with most of spices being Endemic.  India have two Biodiversity Hotspots- East Himalayan Region and Western Ghat.  25 major hotspots together represent 1.4 % of the earth's land area, they contain 44% of all plant species and 35% of all terrestrial vertebrate species in the world. No of Hotspots in India-3 1. Indo-Burma ( earlier Eastern Himalayas ) 2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. 3. Himalayas. (Newly added)
  • 10. BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY Consumptive value:  Food/Drink  Fuel  Medicine  Batter crop varieties  Industrial Material Non-Consumptive Value:  Recreation  Education and Research  Traditional value
  • 11. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY Natural causes:  Narrow geographical area  Low population  Low breeding rate  Natural disasters Anthropogenic causes:  Habitat modification  Overexploitation of selected species  Innovation by exotic species  Pollution  Hunting  Global warming and climate change  Agriculture  Domino effect
  • 12. Conservation of Biodiversity  Biodiversity inventories  Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats-  In situ conservation  Ex situ conservation  Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA Bank
  • 13.  Restoration of Biodiversity  Imparting Environmental Education  Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental Legislation  Population Control  Reviewing the agriculture practice  Controlling Urbanization  Conservation through Biotechnology
  • 14. Biodiversity Conservation In situ Sacred groves and lakes Biosphere Reserves Terrestrial Marine National parks, wildlife sanctuaries Ex situ Sacred plant home garden Seed Bank, Gene bank, Cryopreservation Botanical garden, Zoological garden, Aquaria
  • 16. What is Green House In the cold countries, vegetables and essential crops are produced in glass house which can hold the heat from sunlight and the atmosphere inside the glass house remains hot at night. This house is called green house.
  • 17. Green House Effects  Earth’s atmosphere is slightly warmer than what it should be due to direct solar heating because of a mild case of Green House Effect. • The ground is heated by visible and (some) infrared light from the Sun. • The heated surface emits infrared light. • The majority of Earth’s atmosphere (N2 and O2) are not good greenhouse gas. • The small amount of greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2) traps (absorb and re-emit) the infrared radiation, increasing the temperature of the atmosphere
  • 19. Mechanism 1. Shorter, high energy wavelengths hit the earths surface. 2. Incoming energy is converted to heat.
  • 20. 3. Longer, infrared wavelengths hit Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere. 4. Greenhouse gas molecules in the atmosphere emit infrared radiation back towards earth.
  • 22. Selected Green House Gases Carbon Dioxide Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation . Anthropogenic increase: 30% Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years Methane Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from landfills, mining . Anthropogenic increase: 145% Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years Nitrous oxide Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Anthropogenic increase: 15%
  • 23. How CO2 controls Green House effect  Carbonate minerals form in the oceans at a higher rate.  The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas increases, pulling CO2 out of the atmosphere.  The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a weakened greenhouse effect that counteracts the initial warming and cools the planet back down.  If earth cools a bit, Carbonate minerals form more slowly in the oceans.  The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas decreases, allowing the CO2 released by volcanism to build back up in the atmosphere.  The increased CO2 concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect and warms the planet back up.
  • 24. CONCLUSION In short, biodiversity is the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable and the greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases.
  • 25. References  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity  https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity  http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/biodiversity  http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodiversity.htm  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect  https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse- effect.html  https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm  http://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html