2. WHAT ARE BIOFUELS?
Biofuels are
liquid fuels that
have been
developed from
other materials
such as plants or
animal waste
matter.
3. WHY BIOFULES?
Biofuels production and consumption ensures
that the natural Carbon cycle to be 100%
achieved which completely eliminates the
continuous increase in Carbon Dioxide rates in
the atmosphere which in turns will have the
greatest effect on the environment and a way to
end global warming
For example, A crop of plants used to produce a
barrel of biofuel will absorb exactly the same
amount of Carbon Dioxide as emitted from
burning the barrel produced.
4. TYPES OF BIOFULES
First generation biofuels Second generation biofuels
Bioalcohol
Biodiesel
Main two types
Vegetable oil
Biogas
Syngas
Solid biofuels
5. Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly
from carbohydrates produces in sugar or starch crops such
as corn or sugarcane.
Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources such as
trees and grasses, is also being developed as a feedstock for
ethanol production.
Used to substitute petrol fuel for the road transport
vehicles
One of the widely used alternative automotive fuels in the
world (Brazil & USA are the largest ethanol
producers)
Much more environment friendly and have
low toxicity level
BIOETHANOL
8. How America and other countries obtain bio fuel
• Different countries obtain bio fuel from feedstocks,
depending on the type of biofuel being produced:
• Untied states : Corn is the primary feedstocks fuel for
producing bio fuel.
• Brazil: Sugarcane is the primary feedstock for
producing bio fuel.
• In northwestern countries oilseeds crop like canola
and sunflower is used to produce bio fuels
9. Transport fuel to replace gasoline
Fuel for power generation by thermal combustion
Fuel for fuel cells by thermochemical reaction
Fuels in cogeneration systems
Feedstock in the chemical industry
Blending ethanol with small
portion of gasoline is more
cost-effective
Applications of Bioethanol
10. Advantages of Bioethanol
Burns more cleanly as a result of more
complete combustion
Reduces greenhouse gases
It is carbon neutral
Decrease in ozone formation
Renewable energy resource
Fuel spills are more easily biodegraded or
diluted to non-toxic concentration
Any plant can be used for production of
biooethanol : it only has to contain sugar and
starch
11. Disadvantages of Bioethanol
Large amount of arable land is required to grow
crops, natural habitats would be destroyed.
Due to lucrative prices of bioethanol, some
farmers may sacrifice food crops for biofuels
which will increase food prices around the world.
During production of bioethanol, huge amount
of carbon dioxide is released.
Not as efficient as petroleum
Cold start difficulties
Difficulty in transportation
12. Advantages of Biodiesel
Biodiesel is environment-
friendly.
It can help reduce dependency
on foreign oil.
It helps to lubricate the engine
itself, decreasing engine wear.
It can be used in almost any
diesel with little or no engine modification.
It is safer than conventional diesel.
Less global warming.
13. Disadvantages of Biodiesel
Biodiesel emission
increases Nox in
atmosphere
Biodiesel behaves
as a solvent
Slightly decreases
fuel economy
Cost varies according to feedstock used and
market conditions.
14. USES OF BIOFUELS
Cars and Trucks: Diesel cars and trucks can run on
biodiesel.
Aircraft: Recent testing has shown the viability of biofuel
use in the aviation industry, and use of biofuels to power
aircraft is expected to increase substantially in the next
decade.
Off-Road Equipment: A large percentage of off-road
equipment -- such as vehicles used in agriculture, mining,
forestry, construction, and power and heat production --
use diesel fuel, making this equipment suitable for
biodiesel use
Small Engines: Small engines, like those found in lawn
mowers and chainsaws, can use ethanol blends up to 10
percent without problems
15. ADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
Cost: Biofuels have the potential to be significantly less expensive than
gasoline and other fossil fuels.
Source material: Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from
specific materials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range of
materials including crop waste, manure, and other byproducts. This makes
it an efficient step in recycling.
Renewability: It takes a very long time for fossil fuels to be produced, but
biofuels are much more easily renewable as new crops are grown and
waste material is collected.
Security: Biofuels can be produced locally, which decreases the nation's
dependence upon foreign energy
Economic stimulation: Because biofuels are produced locally, biofuel
manufacturing plants can employ hundreds or thousands of workers,
creating new jobs in rural areas.
Lower carbon emissions: When biofuels are burned, they produce
significantly less carbon output and fewer toxins, making them a safer
alternative to preserve atmospheric quality and lower air pollution.
16. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOFUELS
Production carbon emissions: Several studies have been conducted to
analyze the carbon footprint of biofuels, and while they may be cleaner to
burn, there are strong indications that the process to produce the fuel -
including the machinery necessary to cultivate the crops and the plants to
produce the fuel - has hefty carbon emissions.
High cost: To refine biofuels to more efficient energy outputs, and to build
the necessary manufacturing plants to increase biofuel quantities, a high
initial investment is often required.
Food prices: As demand for food crops such as corn grows for biofuel
production, it could also raise prices for necessary staple food crops.
Food shortages: There is concern that using valuable cropland to grow
fuel crops could have an impact on the cost of food and could possibly
lead to food shortages.
Water use: Massive quantities of water are required for proper irrigation
of biofuel crops as well as to manufacture the fuel, which could strain local
and regional water resources.