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Biological science(cell)

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k shangeethkumaran
k shangeethkumaran

The document describes the key parts and functions of human, plant, and bacterial cells. It identifies 11 main parts of the human cell: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, centrosome, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and vacuoles. Each part is described in terms of its structure and function, such as the plasma membrane providing a boundary and selective permeability, the nucleus containing genetic material, and mitochondria generating energy through cellular respiration. The objective is to understand the differences between human, plant, and bacterial cells and explain the roles of organelles within human cells.

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Biological Science Cell By Ki Po Yi Veronica
Objective To find out the difference between human cell, plant cell and bacterial cell To identify the main parts of human cell To explain the function of parts of human cell
Definition of cell Cell Prokaryotic cell Bacterial cell Eukaryotic cell Plant cellHuman cell
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Bacterial cell Human cell Plant cell
Parts of the human cell
Parts of the human cell(1) -Plasma membrane(1)  Structure: consists are arranged in 2 parallel rows: -hydrophilic -hydrophobic  Function: -Provide a flexible boundary -contact with other body cells or with foreign cells or substance -provide receptors for chemicals -selective permeability
Parts of the human cell(1) -Plasma membrane(2)
Parts of the human cell(2) -Cytoplasm  Structure: -jelly-like substance  Function: -Provide support, shape, involved the movement of structure -Hold all the organelles -Chemical reaction are taken place -Transportation
Parts of the human cell(3) -Nucleus, nuclear membrane  Structure: -Large structure in the cell Nuclear membrane: double membrane Nucleoli: do not contain a membrane, are composed of protein, DNA, RNA  Function: -Contain hereditary factor
Parts of the human cell(4) -Centrosome  Structure: -9 triplet clusters of microtubules arranged in a circular pattern  Function: -A role in cell reproduction
Parts of the human cell (5) -Ribosome  Structure: -Compose of a type of RNA: ribosomal RNA and specific ribosomal protein -Free ribosome: no attachment to other parts of cell  Function: -Site of protein synthesis -Free ribosome -Other: attach to endoplasmic reticulum
Parts of the human cell(6) -Rough endoplasmic reticulum -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  Structure: -Double membrane -Rough ER -Smooth ER  Function -contribution to mechanical support and distribution of the cytoplasm -involved in the intracellular exchange of materials with the cytoplasm -provide a surface area for chemical reactions -intracellular transportation system -Rough ER: protein synthesis -Smooth ER: lipid synthesis
Parts of the human cell(7) -Golgi complex  Structure: Cisternae: composed of stacks of membrane-bound structure  Function: -Process, package, deliver protein to various parts of the cell -associate with lipid secretion
Parts of the human cell(8) -Mitochondria  Structure: -rod-shape -double membrane -outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth -inner mitochondrial membrane is arranged in a series of fold called cristae -matrix  Function: -“power house -cellular respiration
Parts of the human cell(9) -Lysosome  Structure: -Formed from Golgi complex and have a single membrane -contain powerful digestive enzyme capable of breaking down many kinds of molecule  Function: -Digest the solid material contained in phagocytic vesicles -extracellular digestion -Autophagy
Parts of the human cell(10) -Peroxisomes  Structure: -similar in structure to lysosomes, but smaller  Function: -catalase: break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Parts of the human cell(11) -Vacuole  Structure: -few small/ no vacuole  Function: -contain water and dissolved substance, food, enzyme
Reference:  Gerard J Tortora “The cellular level of organization”,Principles of anatomy and Physiology, sixth edition(1990)  www.doabrown.info/page20/AQAAscibic21.htm  http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nucleolus

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Biological science(cell)

  • 2. Objective To find out the difference between human cell, plant cell and bacterial cell To identify the main parts of human cell To explain the function of parts of human cell
  • 3. Definition of cell Cell Prokaryotic cell Bacterial cell Eukaryotic cell Plant cellHuman cell
  • 4. Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell Bacterial cell Human cell Plant cell
  • 5. Parts of the human cell
  • 6. Parts of the human cell(1) -Plasma membrane(1)  Structure: consists are arranged in 2 parallel rows: -hydrophilic -hydrophobic  Function: -Provide a flexible boundary -contact with other body cells or with foreign cells or substance -provide receptors for chemicals -selective permeability
  • 7. Parts of the human cell(1) -Plasma membrane(2)
  • 8. Parts of the human cell(2) -Cytoplasm  Structure: -jelly-like substance  Function: -Provide support, shape, involved the movement of structure -Hold all the organelles -Chemical reaction are taken place -Transportation
  • 9. Parts of the human cell(3) -Nucleus, nuclear membrane  Structure: -Large structure in the cell Nuclear membrane: double membrane Nucleoli: do not contain a membrane, are composed of protein, DNA, RNA  Function: -Contain hereditary factor
  • 10. Parts of the human cell(4) -Centrosome  Structure: -9 triplet clusters of microtubules arranged in a circular pattern  Function: -A role in cell reproduction
  • 11. Parts of the human cell (5) -Ribosome  Structure: -Compose of a type of RNA: ribosomal RNA and specific ribosomal protein -Free ribosome: no attachment to other parts of cell  Function: -Site of protein synthesis -Free ribosome -Other: attach to endoplasmic reticulum
  • 12. Parts of the human cell(6) -Rough endoplasmic reticulum -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum  Structure: -Double membrane -Rough ER -Smooth ER  Function -contribution to mechanical support and distribution of the cytoplasm -involved in the intracellular exchange of materials with the cytoplasm -provide a surface area for chemical reactions -intracellular transportation system -Rough ER: protein synthesis -Smooth ER: lipid synthesis
  • 13. Parts of the human cell(7) -Golgi complex  Structure: Cisternae: composed of stacks of membrane-bound structure  Function: -Process, package, deliver protein to various parts of the cell -associate with lipid secretion
  • 14. Parts of the human cell(8) -Mitochondria  Structure: -rod-shape -double membrane -outer mitochondrial membrane is smooth -inner mitochondrial membrane is arranged in a series of fold called cristae -matrix  Function: -“power house -cellular respiration
  • 15. Parts of the human cell(9) -Lysosome  Structure: -Formed from Golgi complex and have a single membrane -contain powerful digestive enzyme capable of breaking down many kinds of molecule  Function: -Digest the solid material contained in phagocytic vesicles -extracellular digestion -Autophagy
  • 16. Parts of the human cell(10) -Peroxisomes  Structure: -similar in structure to lysosomes, but smaller  Function: -catalase: break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
  • 17. Parts of the human cell(11) -Vacuole  Structure: -few small/ no vacuole  Function: -contain water and dissolved substance, food, enzyme
  • 18. Reference:  Gerard J Tortora “The cellular level of organization”,Principles of anatomy and Physiology, sixth edition(1990)  www.doabrown.info/page20/AQAAscibic21.htm  http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nucleolus

Editor's Notes

  1. Cell is a basic living, functioning unit of an organisms. Cell is divided into prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell.
  2. Cell can be divided into 4 parts: there are plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and inclusion.