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BIOMASS ENERGY (2).pptx by VINAY GOWDA Y C

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This document discusses biomass energy. It defines biomass as organic matter produced through photosynthesis. Biomass can be converted into energy through direct combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, fermentation, and anaerobic digestion. Key sources of biomass include agricultural waste, urban waste, industrial waste, and forest waste. Biomass energy has advantages like being renewable and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, though it also has disadvantages like requiring land and having high construction costs. The document also discusses biogas and biofuels derived from biomass.

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BIOMASS ENERGY VINAY GOWDA Y C DHK2141
CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SOURCES 3. ENERGYCONVERSIONSTECHNOLOGIES 4. BIOGAS 5. BIOFUELS 6. USESOF BIOMASS 7. ADVANTAGESAND DISADVANTAGES 8. CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION Biomass means all organic matter produced by photosynthesis , on the earth's surface. Biomass energy is a renewable and sustainable source of energy derived from organic ,matter and can be used to generate electricity and other forms of power.
BIOMASS ENERGY (2).pptx by VINAY GOWDA Y C
BIOMASS ENERGY (2).pptx by VINAY GOWDA Y C
Field and plantation biomass • Agricultural crop residues such as stalks, cobs , straw , cane thrashes and etc • Edible matters from crops • Leaves , barks and wood • Livestock wastes from fields Urban waste biomass • Municipal solid wastes • Sewage sludges • Kitchen and canteen wastes
Industrial biomass • Agroindustrial processed biomass and their wastes : husk • Oil cake • Sugar and molasses • Hides and skin wastes • Fruit and pulp debris
Forest biomass • Log residues • Timber • Forest floor debris • Animal carcass Aquatic biomass • Sea weeds • Fresh water weeds • Dead fishes • Microalgae blooms
BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES Direct combustion Gasification Pyrolysis Fermentation Aerobic digestion
DIRECT COMBUSTION • Simplest method of extracting energy from biomass. • Biomass is burned to produce steam , the steam turns a turbine and the turbine drives a generator , producing electricity. • It has very low efficiency.With open fire most of the heat is wasted and is not used to cook or whatever.
GASIFICATION • A process that exposes a solid fuel to high temperatures and limited oxygen , to produce a gaseous fuel. • The gas produced by the process is a mix of gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane • The gas is then used to drive a high efficiency , combined cycle gas turbine
PYROLYSIS • Heating the biomass to drive off the volatile matter and leaving behind the charcoal • This process has doubled the energy density of the original mater • Heat is used to chemically convert biomass into pyrolysis oil, which become easier to transport • It is the process in which heating of biomassin a closed vessel at temp 500 to 900 c in the absence of oxygen.
FERMENTATION • Also called as aerobic digestion; converts sugar to ethanol • People have used yeasts and other microorganisms to ferment the sugar of various plants into ethanol • Producing fuel from biomass by fermentation is just an extension of this process. • Process involves addition of yeasts or other microorganisms for the conversion of plants glucose into an alcohol • Example : biofuels (ethanol)
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION • The anaerobic digestion is anaerobic fermentation involves in the conversion of decaying wet biomass and animal waste into biogas through decomposition process by the action of anerobic bacteria • Most useful for production of biogas
BIOGAS • Biogas is environmental friendly , renewable energy source. It's produced when organic matter, such as food or animal waste, broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. • Biogas can occur naturally or as part of an industrial process to intentionally create it as a fuel .It contain mainly methane and co2.it can also include small amount of hydrogen sulphide , siloxanes of some moistures.
Composition of biogas
BIOMASS ENERGY (2).pptx by VINAY GOWDA Y C
BIOFUELS • Biofuel is an inexhaustible , biodegradable fuel manufactured from biomass like starch , agricultural waste , molasses and algae. TYPES OF BIOFUELS • Bio methanol • Bioethanol(crops of corn and wheat) • Bio diesel(crops of oil seeds are used)
Uses of biomass • 80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use • 79% of the biomass we use today coming from burning woods and chips • Biomass is used to heat homes ,wood is burned in open fires or wood pellet boilers and stoves. • 18% of biomass is produced for industrial use • 2% of biomass energy is produced for transport
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIOFUELSAND FOSSIL FUELS
Biomass Energy in India • India produces about 450-500 million tonnes of biomass per year. Biomass provides 32% of all the primary energy use in the country at present • . EAI estimates that the potential in the short term for power from biomass in India varies from about 18,000 MW, when the scope of biomass is as traditionally defined, to a high of about 50,000 MW if one were to expand the scope of definition of biomass. • The current share of biofuels in total fuel consumption is extremely low and is confined mainly to 5% blending of ethanol in gasoline, which the government has made mandatory in 10 states. • Currently, biodiesel is not sold on the Indian fuel market, but the government plans to meet 20% of the country’s diesel requirements by 2020 using biodiesel.
CONTINUATION • Plants like Jatropha curcas, Neem, Mahua and other wild plants are identified as the potential sources for biodiesel production in India. • There are about 63 million ha waste land in the country, out of which about 40 million ha area can be developed by undertaking plantations of Jatropha. India uses several incentive schemes to induce villagers to rehabilitate waste lands through the cultivation of Jatropha. • The Indian government is targeting a Jatropha plantation area of 11.2 million hectares by 2012.
Advantages of biomass energy Is abundant , secure , environmental friendly , and renewable source of energy It can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or in the same power plants that are now fossil fuels It is carbon neutral Less expensive than fossil fuels and it reduces the overrelience of fossil fuels Less garbage in land fills Biomass production adds a revenue source for manufacturers
Disadvantages of biomass energy CAN BECOME NON- RENEWABLE ENERGY BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES LAND BIOMASS PLANTS REQUIRESA LOT OF SPACE COST OF CONSTRUCTIONOF BIOGAS PLANT IS HIGH IT POLLUTESTHE ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORTATIONOF BIOGAS THROUGH PIPSOVER LONG DISTANCES IS DIFFICULT
Conclusion We have come to know that it is a type of renewable energy that is obtained from the easily available sources It causes pollution but not as harmful as fossil fuels We must use this biomass energy as an alternative to the energy sources that produces pollution during burning It can be concluded that biomass energy is the best energy available in an immense amount
BIOMASS ENERGY (2).pptx by VINAY GOWDA Y C

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BIOMASS ENERGY (2).pptx by VINAY GOWDA Y C

  • 2. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SOURCES 3. ENERGYCONVERSIONSTECHNOLOGIES 4. BIOGAS 5. BIOFUELS 6. USESOF BIOMASS 7. ADVANTAGESAND DISADVANTAGES 8. CONCLUSION
  • 3. INTRODUCTION Biomass means all organic matter produced by photosynthesis , on the earth's surface. Biomass energy is a renewable and sustainable source of energy derived from organic ,matter and can be used to generate electricity and other forms of power.
  • 6. Field and plantation biomass • Agricultural crop residues such as stalks, cobs , straw , cane thrashes and etc • Edible matters from crops • Leaves , barks and wood • Livestock wastes from fields Urban waste biomass • Municipal solid wastes • Sewage sludges • Kitchen and canteen wastes
  • 7. Industrial biomass • Agroindustrial processed biomass and their wastes : husk • Oil cake • Sugar and molasses • Hides and skin wastes • Fruit and pulp debris
  • 8. Forest biomass • Log residues • Timber • Forest floor debris • Animal carcass Aquatic biomass • Sea weeds • Fresh water weeds • Dead fishes • Microalgae blooms
  • 9. BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES Direct combustion Gasification Pyrolysis Fermentation Aerobic digestion
  • 10. DIRECT COMBUSTION • Simplest method of extracting energy from biomass. • Biomass is burned to produce steam , the steam turns a turbine and the turbine drives a generator , producing electricity. • It has very low efficiency.With open fire most of the heat is wasted and is not used to cook or whatever.
  • 11. GASIFICATION • A process that exposes a solid fuel to high temperatures and limited oxygen , to produce a gaseous fuel. • The gas produced by the process is a mix of gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, methane • The gas is then used to drive a high efficiency , combined cycle gas turbine
  • 12. PYROLYSIS • Heating the biomass to drive off the volatile matter and leaving behind the charcoal • This process has doubled the energy density of the original mater • Heat is used to chemically convert biomass into pyrolysis oil, which become easier to transport • It is the process in which heating of biomassin a closed vessel at temp 500 to 900 c in the absence of oxygen.
  • 13. FERMENTATION • Also called as aerobic digestion; converts sugar to ethanol • People have used yeasts and other microorganisms to ferment the sugar of various plants into ethanol • Producing fuel from biomass by fermentation is just an extension of this process. • Process involves addition of yeasts or other microorganisms for the conversion of plants glucose into an alcohol • Example : biofuels (ethanol)
  • 14. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION • The anaerobic digestion is anaerobic fermentation involves in the conversion of decaying wet biomass and animal waste into biogas through decomposition process by the action of anerobic bacteria • Most useful for production of biogas
  • 15. BIOGAS • Biogas is environmental friendly , renewable energy source. It's produced when organic matter, such as food or animal waste, broken down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. • Biogas can occur naturally or as part of an industrial process to intentionally create it as a fuel .It contain mainly methane and co2.it can also include small amount of hydrogen sulphide , siloxanes of some moistures.
  • 18. BIOFUELS • Biofuel is an inexhaustible , biodegradable fuel manufactured from biomass like starch , agricultural waste , molasses and algae. TYPES OF BIOFUELS • Bio methanol • Bioethanol(crops of corn and wheat) • Bio diesel(crops of oil seeds are used)
  • 19. Uses of biomass • 80% of biomass energy is produced for residential use • 79% of the biomass we use today coming from burning woods and chips • Biomass is used to heat homes ,wood is burned in open fires or wood pellet boilers and stoves. • 18% of biomass is produced for industrial use • 2% of biomass energy is produced for transport
  • 21. Biomass Energy in India • India produces about 450-500 million tonnes of biomass per year. Biomass provides 32% of all the primary energy use in the country at present • . EAI estimates that the potential in the short term for power from biomass in India varies from about 18,000 MW, when the scope of biomass is as traditionally defined, to a high of about 50,000 MW if one were to expand the scope of definition of biomass. • The current share of biofuels in total fuel consumption is extremely low and is confined mainly to 5% blending of ethanol in gasoline, which the government has made mandatory in 10 states. • Currently, biodiesel is not sold on the Indian fuel market, but the government plans to meet 20% of the country’s diesel requirements by 2020 using biodiesel.
  • 22. CONTINUATION • Plants like Jatropha curcas, Neem, Mahua and other wild plants are identified as the potential sources for biodiesel production in India. • There are about 63 million ha waste land in the country, out of which about 40 million ha area can be developed by undertaking plantations of Jatropha. India uses several incentive schemes to induce villagers to rehabilitate waste lands through the cultivation of Jatropha. • The Indian government is targeting a Jatropha plantation area of 11.2 million hectares by 2012.
  • 23. Advantages of biomass energy Is abundant , secure , environmental friendly , and renewable source of energy It can be used to generate electricity with the same equipment or in the same power plants that are now fossil fuels It is carbon neutral Less expensive than fossil fuels and it reduces the overrelience of fossil fuels Less garbage in land fills Biomass production adds a revenue source for manufacturers
  • 24. Disadvantages of biomass energy CAN BECOME NON- RENEWABLE ENERGY BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES LAND BIOMASS PLANTS REQUIRESA LOT OF SPACE COST OF CONSTRUCTIONOF BIOGAS PLANT IS HIGH IT POLLUTESTHE ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORTATIONOF BIOGAS THROUGH PIPSOVER LONG DISTANCES IS DIFFICULT
  • 25. Conclusion We have come to know that it is a type of renewable energy that is obtained from the easily available sources It causes pollution but not as harmful as fossil fuels We must use this biomass energy as an alternative to the energy sources that produces pollution during burning It can be concluded that biomass energy is the best energy available in an immense amount