Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
SlideShare a Scribd company logo

10 DOH Approved Herbal Plants in the Philippines

•Download as DOCX, PDF•
•
Emsi Onairpic
Emsi Onairpic

This document provides taxonomic accounts and descriptions of 10 herbal plants that have been approved by the Department of Health for treatment. It describes the plant name, taxonomic classification, physical description, distribution, traditional medicinal uses, and major phytochemical constituents for each of the following plants: Lagundi, Yerba Buena, Sambong, Tsaang Gubat, Niyog-niyogan, Bayabas, Akapulko, Ulasimaang Bato/Pansit-pansitan. The document aims to inform readers about various indigenous Philippine plants that have therapeutic properties and government approval for treating ailments.

1 of 11
10 HERBAL PLANTS APPROVED BY DOH 1. Plant Name: Lagundi (Five-leaved chaste tree) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Vitex Species: V. negundo Specific epithet: Vitex negundo Linn. Description: Lagundi is an erect, branched tree or shrub, 2-5 m high. Leaves are usually 5-foliate, rarely with 3 leaflets only and palmately arranged. Leaflets are lanceolate, entire, 4-10 cm long, slightly hairy beneath, and pointed at both ends, the middle leaflets being larger than the others, and distinctly stalked. Flowers are numerous, blue to lavender, 6-7 mm long, borne in terminal inflorescences (panicles) 10-20 cm long. Calyx is hairy, and 5-toothed. Corolla is densely hairy in the throat, and the middle lobe of the lower lip is longest. Fruit is a succulent drupe, globose, black when ripe, about 4 mm in diameter. Distribution - Widely distributed in the Philippines. - At low and medium altitudes, in thickets and waste places. - Flowering year round. It is best propagated by use of mature, leafless stem cuttings. - Also occurs in tropical East Africa, Madagascar, India to Japan, and southward through Malaya to western Polynesia. Treatment - Cough, colds, fever, asthma, pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, diarrhea Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening of ethanol leaf extract yielded alkaloids, iridoids, phenolic acids, flavonols and flavonoids.
2. Plant Name: Yerba Buena (Peppermint) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Mentha Species: M. arvensis Specific epithet: Mentha arvensis Linn. Description: Hierba buena is a prostrate, smooth, much-branched, usually purplish, strongly aromatic herb, with stems growing up to 40 cm long, with ultimate ascending terminal branches. Leaves are elliptic to oblong-ovate, 1.5-4 centimeters long, short-stalked with toothed margins, and rounded or blunt tipped. Flowers are hairy and purplish to bluish, borne in axillary headlike whorls. Calyx teeth are triangular or lanceolate and hairy; the corolla is also hairy. Distribution - Native of Europe. - Introduced by the Spaniards. - Widely cultivation to some extent in all parts of the Philippines. - Thrives well at high elevations; rarely flowers in lowlands. Treatment - Cough, colds, insect bites, rheumatism, gout, body aches, indigestion, menstrual/gas pain Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening of powdered plant samples (root, stem, and leaves) yielded alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and diterpenes.
3. Plant Name: Sambong (Blumea camphor) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Blumea Species: B. balsamifera Specific epithet: Blumea balsamifera Linn. Description: Sambong is a half woody, strongly aromatic shrub, densely and softly hairy, 1-4 m high. Stems grow up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Leaves are simple, alternate, elliptic- to oblong-lanceolate, 7- 20 cm long, toothed at the margins, pointed or blunt at the tip, narrowing to a short petiole which are often auricled or appendaged. Flowering heads are stalked, yellow and numerous, 6-7 mm long, and borne on branches of a terminal, spreading or pyramidal leafy panicle. Discoid flowers are of two types: peripheral ones tiny, more numerous, with tubular corolla; central flowers few, large with campanulate corolla. Involucral bracts are green, narrow and hairy. Anther cells tailed at base. Fruits are achenes, dry, 1-seeded, 10-ribbed, hairy at top. Distribution - Common in open fields, grasslands and waste areas at low and medium altitudes. - Flowering from February to April. - Propagation by cuttings and layering. - Also occurs in China, Hainan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam. Treatment - Kidney stones, wounds, cuts, rheumatism, diarrhea, spasms, cough, colds, hypertension Phytochemicals Phytochemical yields flavonoids, terpenes (borneol, limonene, camphor, a-pinene, b-pinene, 3-carene, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, triteroenes, and cryptomeridiol), lactones (blumealactone A, B, C)
4. Plant Name: Tsaang Gubat (Wild tea) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Boraginales Family: Boraginaceae Genus: Carmona Species: C. retusa Specific epithet: Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. Description: Tsaang gubat is an erect, every branched shrub growing up to 1-4 m high. Leaves are in clusters on short branches, obovate to oblong-obovate, 3-6 cm long, entire or somewhat toothed or lobed near the apex and pointed at the base, short stalked and rough on the upper surface. Flowers are white, small, axillary, solitary, 2-4 on a common stalk, borne in inflorescences shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes are green, somewhat hairy, and linear, about 5-6 mm long. Corolla is white, 5 mm long, and divided into oblong lobes. Fruit is a drupe, rounded, yellow when ripe, 4-5 mm in diameter, fleshy, with a 4-seeded stone, fleshy on the outer part, and stony inside. Distribution - Easily found from the Batan Islands and northern Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao, in most or all islands and provinces, in thickets and secondary forests at low and medium altitudes. - Also occurs in India to southern China, Taiwan, and Malaya. Treatment - Eczema, scabies, itchiness, wounds in child birth, gastroenteritis, dysentery, diarrhea, stomatitis, stomach pain Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins.
5. Plant Name: Niyog-niyogan (Wild tea) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Myrtales Family: Combretaceae Genus: Quisqualis Species: Q. indica Specific epithet: Quisqualis indica Linn. Description: Niog-niogan is a large climbing; woody shrub reaching a length of 2-8 m. Brown hairs give the younger parts a rusty appearance. Leaves are oblong to elliptic, opposite, 7-15 cm long, rounded at the base and pointed at the tip. Flowers are fragrant, tubular, showy, first white, then becoming red, reddish-purple or orange, exhibiting the range of colors in clusters, on the same flower stalk. Fruit is narrowly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 cm long, with 5, sharp, longitudinal angles or wings. Seeds are pentagonal and black. Distribution - In thickets and secondary forests throughout the Philippines. - Ornamentally planted for its flowers. - Also occurs in India to Malaya. - Introduced in most tropical countries. Treatment - Intestinal worms and parasites, inflammation of kidneys, boils, skin ulcers, headaches, fever, diarrhea, dysuria Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening yields major classes of constituents: alkaloids, carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
6. Plant Name: Bayabas (Guava) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Psidium Species: P. guajava Specific epithet: Psidium guajava Linn. Description: Bayabas is somewhat hairy plant reaching a height of 8 m. Young branches are 4-angled. Leaves are opposite, oblong to elliptic, and 1-5 cm long, the apex being pointed, and the base usually rounded. Peduncles are 1-3-flowered. Flowers are white, 3-3.5 cm across, with in-curved petals, coming out solitary or 2-3 in the leaf axils. Numerous stamens form the attractive part of the flower. Inferior ovaries develop into round or obovoid green fruits 4-9 cm long, turning yellow on ripening and have edible, aromatic, seedy pulp. Distribution - Widely distributed throughout the Philippines in all islands and provinces. - Common in backyards and settled areas. - In thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes, ascending to at least 1,500 meters. - Introduced from tropical America. - Thoroughly naturalized. - Pantropic in distribution. Treatment - Diarrhea, stomach parasites, toothaches, wounds, gum infection, tooth decay, skin diseases Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, reducing compounds, saponins and tannins.
7. Plant Name: Akapulko (Ringworm bush) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Cassia Species: C. alata Specific epithet: Cassia alata Linn. Description: Akapulko is a coarse, erect, branched shrub, 1.5-3 m high. Leaves are pinnate and 40-60 cm long, with orange rachis on stout branches. Each leaf has 16-28 leaflets, 5-15 cm in length, broad and rounded at the apex, with a small point at the tip. Leaflets gradually increase in size from the base towards the tip of the leaf. Inflorescences are terminal and at the axils of the leaves, in simple or panicled racemes, and 10-50 cm long. Flowers are yellow, about 4 cm in diameter, at the axils of thin, yellow, oblong, concave bracts which are 2.5-3 cm long. Pod is rather straight, dark brown or nearly black, about 15 cm long and 15 mm wide. On both sides of the pods there is a wing that runs the length of the pod. Pod contains 50-60 flattened, triangular seeds. Distribution - Abundant throughout the Philippines in settled areas at low and medium altitudes. - Occasionally planted as ornamental or for its medicinal properties. - Introduced from tropical America; now pantropic. Treatment - Ringworms, skin fungal infections, bronchitis, asthma, diuretic, cough, fever, stomach problems Phytochemicals Phytochemical studies of crude extract of stem bark yielded important secondary metabolites - tannins, steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenes, carbohydrates and saponins.
8. Plant Name: Ulasimaang Bato/Pansit-Pansitan (Shiny bush) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Piperales Family: Piperaceae Genus: Peperomia Species: P. pellucida Specific epithet: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Description: Pansit-pansitan is an erect, branched, annual herb, shallow rooted, reaching up to 40 cm high, with very succulent stems. Stems are round, often about 5 mm thick. Leaves are alternate, heart-shaped and turgid, as transparent and smooth as candle wax. Spikes are green, erect, very slender, 1-6 cm long. Tiny dot-like flowers scattered along solitary and leaf-opposed stalk (spike); naked; maturing gradually from the base to the tip; turning brown when ripe. Distribution - An annual herb, favoring shady, damp and loose soil. - Often grows in groups in nooks in the garden and yard. - Conspicuous in rocky parts of canals. - Propagation by seeds. Numerous tiny seeds drop off when mature and grow easily in clumps and groups in damp areas. - Pantropic species of American origin. Treatment - Rheumatism, gout, diarrhea, eye inflammation, sore throat, hypertension, wounds, burns, fever, headaches, prostate problems, boils, abdominal pains Phytochemicals Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol extracts of stems yielded carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, with the absence of saponins and proteins.
9. Plant Name: Bawang (Garlic) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Amaryllidaceae Genus: Allium Species: A. sativum Specific epithet: Allium sativum L. Description: Bawang is a low herb, 30-60 cm high. True stem is much reduced. Bulbs are broadly ovoid, 2-4 cm in diameter, consisting of several, densely crowded, angular and truncated tubers. Leaves are linear and flat. Umbels are globose, many flowered. Sepals are oblong, greenish white, slightly tinged with purple. Stamens are not exerted from the perianth. Distribution - Extensively grown in Batangas, Nueva Ecija, Ilocos Norte, Mindoro, and Cotobato. - A native of southern Europe. - Now widely cultivated in most parts of the world. Treatment - Infections, hypertension, rheumatism, toothaches, headaches, insect bites, athlete’s foot, fever, cough, colds, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, digestive problems Phytochemicals The most important chemical constituents are the cysteine sulfoxides (alliin) and the nonvolatile glutamylcysteine peptides which make up more than 82% of the sulfur content of garlic. Allicin, ajoenes and sulfides are degradation products of alliin.
10. Plant Name: Ampalaya (Bitter Gourd/Bitter Melon) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Cucurbitales Family: Cucurbitaceae Genus: Momordica Species: M. charantia Specific epithet: Momordica charantia Linn. Description: Ampalaya is a climbing vine, nearly or quite smooth, annual vine. Tendrils are simple, up to 20 cm long. Leaves are 2.5-10 cm in diameter, cut nearly to the base into 5-7 lobes, oblong-ovate, variously toothed, and heart-shaped at the base. Male flower is about 12 mm long, and is peduncled, with a rounded, green, and about 1 cm long bract approximately at the middle. Female flower is yellow flower, about 15 mm long, long-stalked with pair of small leaflike bracts at middle or toward base of stalk. Fruit, in cultivated form, is green, fleshy, oblong, cylindric, 15-25 cm long, pointed at both ends, ribbed and wrinkled, bursting when mature to release seeds; in wild forms, ovoid, about 2-4 cm long. Seeds are oblong, compressed 10-13 mm long, and corrugated on the margins. Distribution - Year-round vegetable, extensively cultivated in the Philippines for its bitter edible fruit. - Wild forms found in open fields, thickets, and waste places at low and medium altitudes. - Probably of Asiatic origin. - Pantropic. Treatment - Diabetes, cough, skin burns, hemorrhoids, stomach problems, scalds, wounds Phytochemicals Phytochemical study yielded alkaloids, glycosides, aglycone, tannin, sterol, phenol and protein.
References: Rabago, L.M., Joaquin, C.C. Functional Biology Modular Approach. c.2003 Ching, J.A. General Biology Compendium Revised Edition (2009). c.2007 http://www.uniprot.org/ http://www.itis.gov/ http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/philippineherbalmedicine.htm http://www.stuartxchange.com/CompleteList.html http://www.diffen.com/difference/Dicot_vs_Monocot http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html http://www.ijapbc.com/files/17.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/19960697/10-approved-herbal-plants-by-DOH http://stuartxchange.com.html

More Related Content

10 DOH Approved Herbal Plants in the Philippines

  • 1. 10 HERBAL PLANTS APPROVED BY DOH 1. Plant Name: Lagundi (Five-leaved chaste tree) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Vitex Species: V. negundo Specific epithet: Vitex negundo Linn. Description: Lagundi is an erect, branched tree or shrub, 2-5 m high. Leaves are usually 5-foliate, rarely with 3 leaflets only and palmately arranged. Leaflets are lanceolate, entire, 4-10 cm long, slightly hairy beneath, and pointed at both ends, the middle leaflets being larger than the others, and distinctly stalked. Flowers are numerous, blue to lavender, 6-7 mm long, borne in terminal inflorescences (panicles) 10-20 cm long. Calyx is hairy, and 5-toothed. Corolla is densely hairy in the throat, and the middle lobe of the lower lip is longest. Fruit is a succulent drupe, globose, black when ripe, about 4 mm in diameter. Distribution - Widely distributed in the Philippines. - At low and medium altitudes, in thickets and waste places. - Flowering year round. It is best propagated by use of mature, leafless stem cuttings. - Also occurs in tropical East Africa, Madagascar, India to Japan, and southward through Malaya to western Polynesia. Treatment - Cough, colds, fever, asthma, pharyngitis, rheumatism, dyspepsia, boils, diarrhea Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening of ethanol leaf extract yielded alkaloids, iridoids, phenolic acids, flavonols and flavonoids.
  • 2. 2. Plant Name: Yerba Buena (Peppermint) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Mentha Species: M. arvensis Specific epithet: Mentha arvensis Linn. Description: Hierba buena is a prostrate, smooth, much-branched, usually purplish, strongly aromatic herb, with stems growing up to 40 cm long, with ultimate ascending terminal branches. Leaves are elliptic to oblong-ovate, 1.5-4 centimeters long, short-stalked with toothed margins, and rounded or blunt tipped. Flowers are hairy and purplish to bluish, borne in axillary headlike whorls. Calyx teeth are triangular or lanceolate and hairy; the corolla is also hairy. Distribution - Native of Europe. - Introduced by the Spaniards. - Widely cultivation to some extent in all parts of the Philippines. - Thrives well at high elevations; rarely flowers in lowlands. Treatment - Cough, colds, insect bites, rheumatism, gout, body aches, indigestion, menstrual/gas pain Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening of powdered plant samples (root, stem, and leaves) yielded alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and diterpenes.
  • 3. 3. Plant Name: Sambong (Blumea camphor) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Blumea Species: B. balsamifera Specific epithet: Blumea balsamifera Linn. Description: Sambong is a half woody, strongly aromatic shrub, densely and softly hairy, 1-4 m high. Stems grow up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Leaves are simple, alternate, elliptic- to oblong-lanceolate, 7- 20 cm long, toothed at the margins, pointed or blunt at the tip, narrowing to a short petiole which are often auricled or appendaged. Flowering heads are stalked, yellow and numerous, 6-7 mm long, and borne on branches of a terminal, spreading or pyramidal leafy panicle. Discoid flowers are of two types: peripheral ones tiny, more numerous, with tubular corolla; central flowers few, large with campanulate corolla. Involucral bracts are green, narrow and hairy. Anther cells tailed at base. Fruits are achenes, dry, 1-seeded, 10-ribbed, hairy at top. Distribution - Common in open fields, grasslands and waste areas at low and medium altitudes. - Flowering from February to April. - Propagation by cuttings and layering. - Also occurs in China, Hainan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam. Treatment - Kidney stones, wounds, cuts, rheumatism, diarrhea, spasms, cough, colds, hypertension Phytochemicals Phytochemical yields flavonoids, terpenes (borneol, limonene, camphor, a-pinene, b-pinene, 3-carene, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, triteroenes, and cryptomeridiol), lactones (blumealactone A, B, C)
  • 4. 4. Plant Name: Tsaang Gubat (Wild tea) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Boraginales Family: Boraginaceae Genus: Carmona Species: C. retusa Specific epithet: Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. Description: Tsaang gubat is an erect, every branched shrub growing up to 1-4 m high. Leaves are in clusters on short branches, obovate to oblong-obovate, 3-6 cm long, entire or somewhat toothed or lobed near the apex and pointed at the base, short stalked and rough on the upper surface. Flowers are white, small, axillary, solitary, 2-4 on a common stalk, borne in inflorescences shorter than the leaves. Calyx-lobes are green, somewhat hairy, and linear, about 5-6 mm long. Corolla is white, 5 mm long, and divided into oblong lobes. Fruit is a drupe, rounded, yellow when ripe, 4-5 mm in diameter, fleshy, with a 4-seeded stone, fleshy on the outer part, and stony inside. Distribution - Easily found from the Batan Islands and northern Luzon to Palawan and Mindanao, in most or all islands and provinces, in thickets and secondary forests at low and medium altitudes. - Also occurs in India to southern China, Taiwan, and Malaya. Treatment - Eczema, scabies, itchiness, wounds in child birth, gastroenteritis, dysentery, diarrhea, stomatitis, stomach pain Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins.
  • 5. 5. Plant Name: Niyog-niyogan (Wild tea) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Myrtales Family: Combretaceae Genus: Quisqualis Species: Q. indica Specific epithet: Quisqualis indica Linn. Description: Niog-niogan is a large climbing; woody shrub reaching a length of 2-8 m. Brown hairs give the younger parts a rusty appearance. Leaves are oblong to elliptic, opposite, 7-15 cm long, rounded at the base and pointed at the tip. Flowers are fragrant, tubular, showy, first white, then becoming red, reddish-purple or orange, exhibiting the range of colors in clusters, on the same flower stalk. Fruit is narrowly ellipsoid, 2.5-3 cm long, with 5, sharp, longitudinal angles or wings. Seeds are pentagonal and black. Distribution - In thickets and secondary forests throughout the Philippines. - Ornamentally planted for its flowers. - Also occurs in India to Malaya. - Introduced in most tropical countries. Treatment - Intestinal worms and parasites, inflammation of kidneys, boils, skin ulcers, headaches, fever, diarrhea, dysuria Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening yields major classes of constituents: alkaloids, carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
  • 6. 6. Plant Name: Bayabas (Guava) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Myrtales Family: Myrtaceae Genus: Psidium Species: P. guajava Specific epithet: Psidium guajava Linn. Description: Bayabas is somewhat hairy plant reaching a height of 8 m. Young branches are 4-angled. Leaves are opposite, oblong to elliptic, and 1-5 cm long, the apex being pointed, and the base usually rounded. Peduncles are 1-3-flowered. Flowers are white, 3-3.5 cm across, with in-curved petals, coming out solitary or 2-3 in the leaf axils. Numerous stamens form the attractive part of the flower. Inferior ovaries develop into round or obovoid green fruits 4-9 cm long, turning yellow on ripening and have edible, aromatic, seedy pulp. Distribution - Widely distributed throughout the Philippines in all islands and provinces. - Common in backyards and settled areas. - In thickets and secondary forests at low altitudes, ascending to at least 1,500 meters. - Introduced from tropical America. - Thoroughly naturalized. - Pantropic in distribution. Treatment - Diarrhea, stomach parasites, toothaches, wounds, gum infection, tooth decay, skin diseases Phytochemicals Phytochemical screening yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, reducing compounds, saponins and tannins.
  • 7. 7. Plant Name: Akapulko (Ringworm bush) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Cassia Species: C. alata Specific epithet: Cassia alata Linn. Description: Akapulko is a coarse, erect, branched shrub, 1.5-3 m high. Leaves are pinnate and 40-60 cm long, with orange rachis on stout branches. Each leaf has 16-28 leaflets, 5-15 cm in length, broad and rounded at the apex, with a small point at the tip. Leaflets gradually increase in size from the base towards the tip of the leaf. Inflorescences are terminal and at the axils of the leaves, in simple or panicled racemes, and 10-50 cm long. Flowers are yellow, about 4 cm in diameter, at the axils of thin, yellow, oblong, concave bracts which are 2.5-3 cm long. Pod is rather straight, dark brown or nearly black, about 15 cm long and 15 mm wide. On both sides of the pods there is a wing that runs the length of the pod. Pod contains 50-60 flattened, triangular seeds. Distribution - Abundant throughout the Philippines in settled areas at low and medium altitudes. - Occasionally planted as ornamental or for its medicinal properties. - Introduced from tropical America; now pantropic. Treatment - Ringworms, skin fungal infections, bronchitis, asthma, diuretic, cough, fever, stomach problems Phytochemicals Phytochemical studies of crude extract of stem bark yielded important secondary metabolites - tannins, steroids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenes, carbohydrates and saponins.
  • 8. 8. Plant Name: Ulasimaang Bato/Pansit-Pansitan (Shiny bush) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Piperales Family: Piperaceae Genus: Peperomia Species: P. pellucida Specific epithet: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth Description: Pansit-pansitan is an erect, branched, annual herb, shallow rooted, reaching up to 40 cm high, with very succulent stems. Stems are round, often about 5 mm thick. Leaves are alternate, heart-shaped and turgid, as transparent and smooth as candle wax. Spikes are green, erect, very slender, 1-6 cm long. Tiny dot-like flowers scattered along solitary and leaf-opposed stalk (spike); naked; maturing gradually from the base to the tip; turning brown when ripe. Distribution - An annual herb, favoring shady, damp and loose soil. - Often grows in groups in nooks in the garden and yard. - Conspicuous in rocky parts of canals. - Propagation by seeds. Numerous tiny seeds drop off when mature and grow easily in clumps and groups in damp areas. - Pantropic species of American origin. Treatment - Rheumatism, gout, diarrhea, eye inflammation, sore throat, hypertension, wounds, burns, fever, headaches, prostate problems, boils, abdominal pains Phytochemicals Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanol extracts of stems yielded carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, with the absence of saponins and proteins.
  • 9. 9. Plant Name: Bawang (Garlic) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Amaryllidaceae Genus: Allium Species: A. sativum Specific epithet: Allium sativum L. Description: Bawang is a low herb, 30-60 cm high. True stem is much reduced. Bulbs are broadly ovoid, 2-4 cm in diameter, consisting of several, densely crowded, angular and truncated tubers. Leaves are linear and flat. Umbels are globose, many flowered. Sepals are oblong, greenish white, slightly tinged with purple. Stamens are not exerted from the perianth. Distribution - Extensively grown in Batangas, Nueva Ecija, Ilocos Norte, Mindoro, and Cotobato. - A native of southern Europe. - Now widely cultivated in most parts of the world. Treatment - Infections, hypertension, rheumatism, toothaches, headaches, insect bites, athlete’s foot, fever, cough, colds, sore throat, asthma, bronchitis, digestive problems Phytochemicals The most important chemical constituents are the cysteine sulfoxides (alliin) and the nonvolatile glutamylcysteine peptides which make up more than 82% of the sulfur content of garlic. Allicin, ajoenes and sulfides are degradation products of alliin.
  • 10. 10. Plant Name: Ampalaya (Bitter Gourd/Bitter Melon) Taxonomic Account Kingdom: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Cucurbitales Family: Cucurbitaceae Genus: Momordica Species: M. charantia Specific epithet: Momordica charantia Linn. Description: Ampalaya is a climbing vine, nearly or quite smooth, annual vine. Tendrils are simple, up to 20 cm long. Leaves are 2.5-10 cm in diameter, cut nearly to the base into 5-7 lobes, oblong-ovate, variously toothed, and heart-shaped at the base. Male flower is about 12 mm long, and is peduncled, with a rounded, green, and about 1 cm long bract approximately at the middle. Female flower is yellow flower, about 15 mm long, long-stalked with pair of small leaflike bracts at middle or toward base of stalk. Fruit, in cultivated form, is green, fleshy, oblong, cylindric, 15-25 cm long, pointed at both ends, ribbed and wrinkled, bursting when mature to release seeds; in wild forms, ovoid, about 2-4 cm long. Seeds are oblong, compressed 10-13 mm long, and corrugated on the margins. Distribution - Year-round vegetable, extensively cultivated in the Philippines for its bitter edible fruit. - Wild forms found in open fields, thickets, and waste places at low and medium altitudes. - Probably of Asiatic origin. - Pantropic. Treatment - Diabetes, cough, skin burns, hemorrhoids, stomach problems, scalds, wounds Phytochemicals Phytochemical study yielded alkaloids, glycosides, aglycone, tannin, sterol, phenol and protein.
  • 11. References: Rabago, L.M., Joaquin, C.C. Functional Biology Modular Approach. c.2003 Ching, J.A. General Biology Compendium Revised Edition (2009). c.2007 http://www.uniprot.org/ http://www.itis.gov/ http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.medicalhealthguide.com/philippineherbalmedicine.htm http://www.stuartxchange.com/CompleteList.html http://www.diffen.com/difference/Dicot_vs_Monocot http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html http://www.ijapbc.com/files/17.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/19960697/10-approved-herbal-plants-by-DOH http://stuartxchange.com.html