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Building Construction 2 Project 1 Report

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This document outlines a student project to design and construct a temporary bus shelter. It includes sections on the design process, drawings and 3D model, materials used, structural joints and connections, construction progress, structural analysis, and test results. The group's design is inspired by Wang Shu's bus stop design and emphasizes the structural components. Key elements include a cuboid base, triangular roof sections made of timber and clear acrylic sheeting, and a one-way floor system to transfer loads. Construction involved forming concrete stumps, assembling the floor frame, adding seating, and completing the roof structure. Testing showed the floor could withstand typical live loads.

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TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 (BLD 60703) Project 1: Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter) Zoe Low Li Mien 0319444 Bakht Jalal Khan 0326850 Ngu Xian Le 0323898 Clare Tsisika Ayisi 0325787 Tutor: Mr Rizal
CONTENTS PAGES 1. Introduction 1 2. Design Process 2 3. Drawings and 3D Model 7 4. Materials 10 5. Joints and Connections 11 6. Construction Process 14 7. Analysis 18 8. Test Results 19 9. References 20
1. INTRODUCTION The objectives of this project are as following: ● To create an understanding of skeletal structures and its relevant structural components. ● To understand how a skeletal structure works under various loads. ● To demonstrate a convincing understanding of how skeletal structure works. ● To be able to manipulate skeletal construction to solve an oblique design problem. In a group of four, we are to research and generate a design of a structure that is to adhere the principles of skeletal structure. Identified under the name of “Bus Stand”, our building is required to withstand the various forces of nature, and at the same time being a simple to construct and easy to excess. Using the construction methods common to building with wood, we managed to construct our Bus stand, within the parameters of the project. 1
2. DESIGN PROCESS Title: Anatomy As we are required to emphasis greater on the principles of structural components, this inspired us to base our design on the “structure” itself. In other words, the research on the various systems, i.e, the foundation, the floor, and the roof are responsible for our end design. Similar to a medical student when performing anatomy on a specimen, the student cuts open and extracts the various organs to study them in connection with the whole organism. At the end of his study, the student then sows the organism back again as best as he can, of course, ending up deforming the original. This is the concept behind our design, and hence the name “anatomy”. 2
INSPIRATION Wang Shu’s Bus Stop. Inspired by its Triangular Roof. 3
Furthermore, conforming to the guidelines and limitations provided in the brief: A Cuboid to serve as the base of the structure. The skeleton of the cuboid provides the most basic structure and enables easy access to and fro. Triangular prisms slide across each other forming the roof of our design. Characteristics of triangles are similar to a “pitched roof”. A pitched roof being the most suitable for the present site conditions and environment i.e. Rain Discharge. SHAPES CHOSEN 4
The dimensions of our design are a result of the various characteristics on the materials and components used. 6 Inch Thick Timber Planks can take up a load for a maximum 5m. SIZE 5
ONE WAY SYSTEM The floor system transfers the loads in one direction only. 6
FLOOR PLAN 3. DRAWINGS AND 3D MODEL 7
WEST ELEVATION VIEWFRONT ELEVATION VIEW 8
3D VIEW 9
4. MATERIALS CLEAR ACRYLIC SHEET Timber has a higher durability and strength, enabling to support heavy loads as the main structure. It is applied onto the Floor System, Columns, Seating and the Roof Frames. Concrete is implemented on the stumps and footing as the structure’s Foundation. It has high compressive strength and durability, enabling to hold the columns in a fixed position. Clear Acrylic Sheet is constructed for the roofing to shelter the interior. It’s weather resistant suitable for rain. It has high resistant impact. It’s lightweight. TIMBER CONCRETE 10
5. JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS FOUNDATION Floor Beams attached to the columns using bolts and nuts. The floor beams rest upon cleats that are connected using nails. FLOOR SYSTEM The Joists are connected to rim joists using Corner Brackets, Joist Hangers and Nails. Decking connected using nails. ROOF SYSTEM 1. Ridge board connected to columns using bolts and nuts. 11
ROOF SYSTEM 3. The Rafters connected to the Ridgeboard using Corner Brackets. ROOF SYSTEM 2. The Rafters connected to the Roof Beams using notching technique. 12
CONNECTING COMPONENTS L BRACKETS SCREWS BOLTS NAILS 13
FOUNDATION Concrete Stumps using polystyrene formwork Added nails to ensure the columns remains in position in the stumps. Mixed Concrete in a ratio with sand and aggregates and fill in the formwork. The end of result of the Concrete Stumps formed. 6. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS 14
FLOORING Constructed a floor frame. Added L brackets to ensure its connections. Timber panels nailed onto the floor frame. Timber Floor Beams are measured.. Floor beams are attached to the end of the columns. Floor frames are connected with the columns with L Brackets. The middle columns are also attached with the L Brackets. The rest of the timber planks are added in conjunction to the column. 15
SEATING 20cm x 6cm Timber Seating is sawed and nailed. Timber Seating is nailed to the middle columns as support. 16
ROOFING AND FINISHES Timber Columns sawed for notching connections. The Ridge Board is screwed with the columns. The rafters are screwed with the ridge board. Rafters are screwed with L Brackets. The Roof frame is completed. The Timber Structure is painted. Clear Acrylic Sheet is cut into Triangular Shapes. The Clear Acrylic Sheet is screwed onto the Roof frame. 17
7. ANALYSIS THE WIND LOAD In horizontal action THE LIVE LOAD The weight of the person, in a vertical action. The Structure transfers this load to the Foundation. THE DEAD LOAD The deadv load is the building’s load, transfered along the roof to the Foundation. 18
8. TEST RESULTS The floor structure proved to be stable and can overcome the live load that weighs roughly 70kg in 1:5 scale. 19
Building a shed, Retrieved on April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke0R1eMm1g4. Pole foundation system, Retrived on April 2017, from http://raisedfloorlivingpro.com/construction-process/footings- foundations/ Floor system, Retrieved on April 2017, from http://www.steelconstruction.info/Floor_systems Ching, Francis D.K. 1991. Building Construction Illustrated. New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Foster, J.S. and Greeno, R. (2006). Mitchell's Structure & Fabric Part 1. Routledge. Deplazes, A. (2008). Constructing Architecture Materials Processes Structures A Handbook. Birkhauser. 9. REFERENCES 20

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Building Construction 2 Project 1 Report

  • 1. TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 (BLD 60703) Project 1: Skeletal Construction (Temporary Bus Shelter) Zoe Low Li Mien 0319444 Bakht Jalal Khan 0326850 Ngu Xian Le 0323898 Clare Tsisika Ayisi 0325787 Tutor: Mr Rizal
  • 2. CONTENTS PAGES 1. Introduction 1 2. Design Process 2 3. Drawings and 3D Model 7 4. Materials 10 5. Joints and Connections 11 6. Construction Process 14 7. Analysis 18 8. Test Results 19 9. References 20
  • 3. 1. INTRODUCTION The objectives of this project are as following: ● To create an understanding of skeletal structures and its relevant structural components. ● To understand how a skeletal structure works under various loads. ● To demonstrate a convincing understanding of how skeletal structure works. ● To be able to manipulate skeletal construction to solve an oblique design problem. In a group of four, we are to research and generate a design of a structure that is to adhere the principles of skeletal structure. Identified under the name of “Bus Stand”, our building is required to withstand the various forces of nature, and at the same time being a simple to construct and easy to excess. Using the construction methods common to building with wood, we managed to construct our Bus stand, within the parameters of the project. 1
  • 4. 2. DESIGN PROCESS Title: Anatomy As we are required to emphasis greater on the principles of structural components, this inspired us to base our design on the “structure” itself. In other words, the research on the various systems, i.e, the foundation, the floor, and the roof are responsible for our end design. Similar to a medical student when performing anatomy on a specimen, the student cuts open and extracts the various organs to study them in connection with the whole organism. At the end of his study, the student then sows the organism back again as best as he can, of course, ending up deforming the original. This is the concept behind our design, and hence the name “anatomy”. 2
  • 5. INSPIRATION Wang Shu’s Bus Stop. Inspired by its Triangular Roof. 3
  • 6. Furthermore, conforming to the guidelines and limitations provided in the brief: A Cuboid to serve as the base of the structure. The skeleton of the cuboid provides the most basic structure and enables easy access to and fro. Triangular prisms slide across each other forming the roof of our design. Characteristics of triangles are similar to a “pitched roof”. A pitched roof being the most suitable for the present site conditions and environment i.e. Rain Discharge. SHAPES CHOSEN 4
  • 7. The dimensions of our design are a result of the various characteristics on the materials and components used. 6 Inch Thick Timber Planks can take up a load for a maximum 5m. SIZE 5
  • 8. ONE WAY SYSTEM The floor system transfers the loads in one direction only. 6
  • 9. FLOOR PLAN 3. DRAWINGS AND 3D MODEL 7
  • 10. WEST ELEVATION VIEWFRONT ELEVATION VIEW 8
  • 12. 4. MATERIALS CLEAR ACRYLIC SHEET Timber has a higher durability and strength, enabling to support heavy loads as the main structure. It is applied onto the Floor System, Columns, Seating and the Roof Frames. Concrete is implemented on the stumps and footing as the structure’s Foundation. It has high compressive strength and durability, enabling to hold the columns in a fixed position. Clear Acrylic Sheet is constructed for the roofing to shelter the interior. It’s weather resistant suitable for rain. It has high resistant impact. It’s lightweight. TIMBER CONCRETE 10
  • 13. 5. JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS FOUNDATION Floor Beams attached to the columns using bolts and nuts. The floor beams rest upon cleats that are connected using nails. FLOOR SYSTEM The Joists are connected to rim joists using Corner Brackets, Joist Hangers and Nails. Decking connected using nails. ROOF SYSTEM 1. Ridge board connected to columns using bolts and nuts. 11
  • 14. ROOF SYSTEM 3. The Rafters connected to the Ridgeboard using Corner Brackets. ROOF SYSTEM 2. The Rafters connected to the Roof Beams using notching technique. 12
  • 15. CONNECTING COMPONENTS L BRACKETS SCREWS BOLTS NAILS 13
  • 16. FOUNDATION Concrete Stumps using polystyrene formwork Added nails to ensure the columns remains in position in the stumps. Mixed Concrete in a ratio with sand and aggregates and fill in the formwork. The end of result of the Concrete Stumps formed. 6. CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS 14
  • 17. FLOORING Constructed a floor frame. Added L brackets to ensure its connections. Timber panels nailed onto the floor frame. Timber Floor Beams are measured.. Floor beams are attached to the end of the columns. Floor frames are connected with the columns with L Brackets. The middle columns are also attached with the L Brackets. The rest of the timber planks are added in conjunction to the column. 15
  • 18. SEATING 20cm x 6cm Timber Seating is sawed and nailed. Timber Seating is nailed to the middle columns as support. 16
  • 19. ROOFING AND FINISHES Timber Columns sawed for notching connections. The Ridge Board is screwed with the columns. The rafters are screwed with the ridge board. Rafters are screwed with L Brackets. The Roof frame is completed. The Timber Structure is painted. Clear Acrylic Sheet is cut into Triangular Shapes. The Clear Acrylic Sheet is screwed onto the Roof frame. 17
  • 20. 7. ANALYSIS THE WIND LOAD In horizontal action THE LIVE LOAD The weight of the person, in a vertical action. The Structure transfers this load to the Foundation. THE DEAD LOAD The deadv load is the building’s load, transfered along the roof to the Foundation. 18
  • 21. 8. TEST RESULTS The floor structure proved to be stable and can overcome the live load that weighs roughly 70kg in 1:5 scale. 19
  • 22. Building a shed, Retrieved on April 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke0R1eMm1g4. Pole foundation system, Retrived on April 2017, from http://raisedfloorlivingpro.com/construction-process/footings- foundations/ Floor system, Retrieved on April 2017, from http://www.steelconstruction.info/Floor_systems Ching, Francis D.K. 1991. Building Construction Illustrated. New York. Van Nostrand Reinhold. Foster, J.S. and Greeno, R. (2006). Mitchell's Structure & Fabric Part 1. Routledge. Deplazes, A. (2008). Constructing Architecture Materials Processes Structures A Handbook. Birkhauser. 9. REFERENCES 20